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22 U.S.C. § 9611 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Advancing income country** — The term “advancing income country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country the gross national income per capita of which at the start of such fiscal year is—
(A) greater than the World Bank threshold for initiating the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development graduation process; and
(B) is equal to or less than the per capita income threshold for classification as a high-income economy (as defined by the World Bank).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Country of concern** — The term “country of concern” means any of the following countries:
(A) The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
(B) The Republic of Cuba.
(C) The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
(D) The Islamic Republic of Iran.
(E) The People’s Republic of China.
(F) The Russian Federation.
(G) The Republic of Belarus.
(4) **High-income country** — The term “high-income country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country with a high-income economy (as defined by the World Bank) at the start of such fiscal year but does not include any wealthy country except to the extent investments in such wealthy country are permitted pursuant to [section 9612(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9612/f&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Less developed country** — The term “less developed country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_50633aa17e6a2a348a5003a3
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-9611-definitions--a47ade6aef.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 103, § 9611; chapter-103-better-utilization-of-investments-leading-to-development.md
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In this chapter:
(1) **Advancing income country** — The term “advancing income country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country the gross national income per capita of which at the start of such fiscal year is—
(A) greater than the World Bank threshold for initiating the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development graduation process; and
(B) is equal to or less than the per capita income threshold for classification as a high-income economy (as defined by the World Bank).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Country of concern** — The term “country of concern” means any of the following countries:
(A) The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
(B) The Republic of Cuba.
(C) The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
(D) The Islamic Republic of Iran.
(E) The People’s Republic of China.
(F) The Russian Federation.
(G) The Republic of Belarus.
(4) **High-income country** — The term “high-income country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country with a high-income economy (as defined by the World Bank) at the start of such fiscal year but does not include any wealthy country except to the extent investments in such wealthy country are permitted pursuant to [section 9612(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9612/f&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Less developed country** — The term “less developed country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation, means a country the gross national income per capita of which at the start of such fiscal year is equal to or less than the World Bank threshold for initiating the International Bank for Reconstruction Development graduation process.
(6) **Predecessor authority** — The term “predecessor authority” means authorities repealed by subchapter VI of this chapter.
(7) **Qualifying sovereign entity** — The term “qualifying sovereign entity” means—
(A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state (as defined in [section 1603 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1603&num=0&edition=prelim)) that has a purpose that is similar to the purpose of the Corporation as described in [section 9612(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9612/b&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) any international financial institution (as defined in [section 262r(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section262r/c&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(8) **Wealthy country** — The term “wealthy country”, with respect to a fiscal year for the Corporation—
(A) means a country that is among the top 20 countries with the highest gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity, as calculated by the World Bank; and
(B) does not include members of the ‘Five Eyes’ alliance or the overseas territories of the 20 countries referred to in subparagraph (A).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) to (f). Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513**
**(g) Fraud or misrepresentation** No payment may be made under any guaranty, insurance, or reinsurance issued pursuant to this subpart for any loss arising out of fraud or misrepresentation for which the party seeking payment is responsible.
**(h) to (k) Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513**
**(l) Convictions under Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; prohibition on payments for losses resulting from unlawful activities; suspension from eligibility of receipt of financial support**
(1) No payment may be made under any insurance or reinsurance which is issued under this subpart on or after April 24, 1978, for any loss occurring with respect to a project, if the preponderant cause of such loss was an act by the investor seeking payment under this subpart, by a person possessing majority ownership and control of the investor at the time of the act, or by any agent of such investor or controlling person, and a court of the United States has entered a final judgment that such act constituted a violation under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977.
(2) Not later than 120 days after April 24, 1978, the Corporation shall adopt regulations setting forth appropriate conditions under which any person convicted under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 for an offense related to a project insured or otherwise supported by the Corporation shall be suspended, for a period of not more than five years, from eligibility to receive any insurance, reinsurance, guaranty, loan, or other financial support authorized by this subpart.
**(m) Notification of countries of environmental restrictions on certain activities**
(1) Befo
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, except as permitted by the laws of the United States, uses the words “national”, “Federal”, “United States”, “reserve”, or “Deposit Insurance” as part of the business or firm name of a person, corporation, partnership, business trust, association or other business entity engaged in the banking, loan, building and loan, brokerage, factorage, insurance, indemnity, savings or trust business; or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund (in this section referred to as the “Trust Fund”), consisting of amounts transferred to the Trust Fund under subsection (b) and any amounts that may be credited to the Trust Fund under subsection (c).
**(b) Transfer of amounts**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer to the Trust Fund, from the general fund of the Treasury, for each fiscal year that begins on or after February 24, 2016, through fiscal year 2026, an amount equal to $15,000,000 (or a lesser amount as required pursuant to paragraph (2)).
(2) **Limitation** — The total amount in the Trust Fund at any time may not exceed $30,000,000.
(3) **Frequency of transfers** — The Secretary shall transfer amounts required to be transferred to the Trust Fund under paragraph (1) not less frequently than quarterly from the general fund of the Treasury to the Trust Fund in a manner that ensures that the total amount in the Trust Fund at the end of the quarter does not exceed the limitation established under paragraph (2).
**(c) Investment of amounts**
(1) **Investment of amounts** — The Secretary shall invest such portion of the Trust Fund as is not required to meet current withdrawals in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States.
(2) **Interest and proceeds** — The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or redemption of, any obligations held in the Trust Fund shall be credited to and form a part of the Trust Fund.
**(d) Availability of amounts from Trust Fund**
(1) **In general** — The United States Trade Representative shall, on the basis of the advice
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 4421
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter—
(1) “Government corporation” means a mixed-ownership Government corporation and a wholly owned Government corporation.
(2) “mixed-ownership Government corporation” means—
(A) the Central Bank for Cooperatives.
(B) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(C) the Federal Home Loan Banks.
(D) the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks.
(E) the Federal Land Banks.
(F) the National Credit Union Administration Central Liquidity Facility.
(G) the Regional Banks for Cooperatives.
(H) the Financing Corporation.
(I) the Resolution Trust Corporation.
(J) the Resolution Funding Corporation.
(3) “wholly owned Government corporation” means—
(A) the Commodity Credit Corporation.
(B) the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund.
(C) the Export-Import Bank of the United States.
(D) the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation.
(E) Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated.
(F) the Corporation for National and Community Service.
(G) the Government National Mortgage Association.
(H) the United States International Development Finance Corporation.
(I) the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation.
(J) the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.
(K) the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.
(L) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when carrying out duties and powers related to the Federal Housing Administration Fund.
(M) the Tennessee Valley Authority.
(N) the Panama Canal Commission.
(O) the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
(P) the International Clean Energy Foundation.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 9101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Social security benefits and tier I railroad retirement benefits** Benefits payable under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program established under title II of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and benefits payable under sections 231b and 231c 11 See References in Text note below. of title 45, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(b) Veterans programs** The following programs shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter: All programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Special benefits for certain World War II veterans (28–0401–0–1–701).
**(c) Net interest** No reduction of payments for net interest (all of major functional category 900) shall be made under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(d) Refundable income tax credits and certain elective payments**
(1) **Refundable income tax credits** — Payments to individuals made pursuant to provisions of title 26 establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
(2) **Certain elective payments** — Payments made to taxpayers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of [section 48D of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section48D&num=0&edition=prelim), or amounts treated as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(e) Non-defense unobligated balances** Unobligated balances of budget authority carried over from prior fiscal years, except balances in the defense categor
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 905
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Institute shall enter into agreements with historically Black colleges and universities, tribally controlled colleges or universities, Alaska Native-serving, Native Hawaiian-serving, and Hispanic-serving institutions, other institutions of higher education with significant numbers of minority students, and institutions of higher education with programs in training foreign service professionals, to provide academic year internships during the junior and senior year and summer internships following the sophomore and junior academic years, by work placements with international, voluntary or government organizations or agencies, including the Agency for International Development, the Department of State,11 So in original. “Department of State” appears twice. the International Monetary Fund, the National Security Council, the Organization of American States, the Export-Import Bank, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the Department of State,1 Office of the United States Trade Representative, the World Bank, and the United Nations.
**(b) Postbaccalaureate internships** The Institute shall enter into agreements with institutions of higher education described in the first sentence of subsection (a) to conduct internships for students who have completed study for a baccalaureate degree. The internship program authorized by this subsection shall—
(1) assist the students to prepare for a master’s degree program;
(2) be carried out with the assistance of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; and
(3) contain work experience for the students designed to contribute to the students’ preparation for a master’s degree program.
**(c) Interagency Committee on Minority Careers in International Affairs**
(1) **Establis
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1131c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
**(a)** A “foreign state”, except as used in [section 1608 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1608&num=0&edition=prelim), includes a political subdivision of a foreign state or an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state as defined in subsection (b).
**(b)** An “agency or instrumentality of a foreign state” means any entity—
(1) which is a separate legal person, corporate or otherwise, and
(2) which is an organ of a foreign state or political subdivision thereof, or a majority of whose shares or other ownership interest is owned by a foreign state or political subdivision thereof, and
(3) which is neither a citizen of a State of the United States as defined in section 1332 (c) and (e) of this title, nor created under the laws of any third country.
**(c)** The “United States” includes all territory and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
**(d)** A “commercial activity” means either a regular course of commercial conduct or a particular commercial transaction or act. The commercial character of an activity shall be determined by reference to the nature of the course of conduct or particular transaction or act, rather than by reference to its purpose.
**(e)** A “commercial activity carried on in the United States by a foreign state” means commercial activity carried on by such state and having substantial contact with the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1603
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** Beginning on the date that is one year after Dec. 27, 2020, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development is authorized to establish a program to provide funding for projects to help build the foundation for peaceful co-existence between Israelis and Palestinians and for a sustainable two-state solution. The program established under this subsection shall be known as the “People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund” (referred to in this section as the “Fund”).
**(b) Eligibility for support** In providing funding for projects through the Fund, the Administrator may provide support for qualified organizations, prioritizing those organizations that seek to build better cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians, including Palestinian organizations, Israeli organizations, and international organizations that bring Israelis and Palestinians together.
**(c) Additional eligibility for support** In providing funding for projects through the Fund, the Administrator may additionally provide support to qualified organizations that further shared community building, peaceful co-existence, dialogue, and reconciliation between Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel.
**(d) Contributions** The Administrator—
(1) is encouraged to work with foreign governments and international organizations to leverage the impact of United States resources and achieve the objectives of this section; and
(2) is authorized to accept contributions for the purposes of the Fund, consistent with subsection (d) of [section 2395 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2395&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(e) Advisory board**
(1) **Establishment** — The Administrator shall establish an advisory board to make rec
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The authorities in this subchapter shall only be exercised to—
(1) carry out of 11 So in original. The word “of” probably should not appear. the policy of the United States in [section 9611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9611&num=0&edition=prelim) and the purpose of the Corporation in [section 9612 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9612&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) mitigate risks to United States taxpayers by sharing risks with the private sector and qualifying sovereign entities through co-financing and structuring of tools; and
(3) ensure that support provided under this subchapter is additional to private sector resources by mobilizing private capital that would otherwise not be deployed without such support.
**(b) Lending and guaranties**
(1) **In general** — The Corporation may make loans or guaranties upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
(2) **Denomination** — Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) may be denominated and repayable in United States dollars or foreign currencies. Foreign currency denominated loans and guaranties should only be provided if the Board determines there is a substantive policy rationale for such loans and guaranties.
(3) **Applicability of Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990** — Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) shall be subject to the requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 ([2 U.S.C. 661](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section661&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(c) Equity investments**
(1) **In general** — The Corporation may, as a minority investor, support projects with funds or use other mech
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9622
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Corporation, acting through the Chief Development Officer, shall, in cooperation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development—
(1) develop a strategic relationship with private sector entities focused at the nexus of business opportunities and development priorities;
(2) engage such entities and reduce business risks primarily through direct transaction support and facilitating investment partnerships;
(3) develop and support tools, approaches, and intermediaries that can mobilize private finance at scale in the developing world;
(4) pursue highly developmental projects of all sizes, especially those that are small but designed for work in the most underdeveloped areas, including countries with chronic suffering as a result of extreme poverty, fragile institutions, or a history of violence; and
(5) pursue projects consistent with the policy of the United States described in [section 9611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9611&num=0&edition=prelim) and the Joint Strategic Plan and the Mission Country Development Cooperation Strategies of the United States Agency for International Development.
**(b) Assistance** To achieve the goals described in subsection (a), the Corporation shall—
(1) develop risk mitigation tools;
(2) provide transaction structuring support for blended finance models;
(3) support intermediaries linking capital supply and demand;
(4) coordinate with other Federal agencies to support or accelerate transactions;
(5) convene financial, donor, civil society, and public sector partners around opportunities for private finance within development priorities;
(6) offer strategic planning and programming assistance to catalyze investme
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9656
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