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16 U.S.C. § 3145 — Wildlife resources portion of study and impact of potential oil spills in Arctic Ocean
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Wildlife resources** The Secretary shall work closely with the State of Alaska and Native Village and Regional Corporations in evaluating the impact of oil and gas exploration, development, production, and transportation and other human activities on the wildlife resources of these lands, including impacts on the Arctic and Porcupine caribou herds, polar bear, muskox, grizzly bear, wolf, wolverine, seabirds, shore birds, and migratory waterfowl. In addition the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate agencies of the Government of Canada in evaluating such impacts particularly with respect to the Porcupine caribou herd.
**(b) Oil spills**
(1) The Congress finds that—
(A) Canada has discovered commercial quantities of oil and gas in the Amalagak region of the Northwest Territory;
(B) Canada is exploring alternatives for transporting the oil from the Amalagak field to markets in Asia and the Far East;
(C) one of the options the Canadian Government is exploring involves transshipment of oil from the Amalagak field across the Beaufort Sea to tankers which would transport the oil overseas;
(D) the tankers would traverse the American Exclusive Economic Zone through the Beaufort Sea into the Chuckchi Sea and then through the Bering Straits;
(E) the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas are vital to Alaska’s Native people, providing them with subsistence in the form of walrus, seals, fish, and whales;
(F) the Secretary of the Interior has conducted Outer Continental Shelf lease sales in the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas and oil and gas exploration is ongoing;
(G) an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean, if not properly contained and cleaned up, could have significant impacts on the indigenous people of Alaska’s North Slope and on the Arctic environment; and
(H) t
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-3145-wildlife-resources-portion-of-study-and-impact-of-potential-oil-spills-i--98ecf77e38.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 51, § 3145; chapter-051-alaska-national-interest-lands-conservation.md
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**(a) Wildlife resources** The Secretary shall work closely with the State of Alaska and Native Village and Regional Corporations in evaluating the impact of oil and gas exploration, development, production, and transportation and other human activities on the wildlife resources of these lands, including impacts on the Arctic and Porcupine caribou herds, polar bear, muskox, grizzly bear, wolf, wolverine, seabirds, shore birds, and migratory waterfowl. In addition the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate agencies of the Government of Canada in evaluating such impacts particularly with respect to the Porcupine caribou herd.
**(b) Oil spills**
(1) The Congress finds that—
(A) Canada has discovered commercial quantities of oil and gas in the Amalagak region of the Northwest Territory;
(B) Canada is exploring alternatives for transporting the oil from the Amalagak field to markets in Asia and the Far East;
(C) one of the options the Canadian Government is exploring involves transshipment of oil from the Amalagak field across the Beaufort Sea to tankers which would transport the oil overseas;
(D) the tankers would traverse the American Exclusive Economic Zone through the Beaufort Sea into the Chuckchi Sea and then through the Bering Straits;
(E) the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas are vital to Alaska’s Native people, providing them with subsistence in the form of walrus, seals, fish, and whales;
(F) the Secretary of the Interior has conducted Outer Continental Shelf lease sales in the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas and oil and gas exploration is ongoing;
(G) an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean, if not properly contained and cleaned up, could have significant impacts on the indigenous people of Alaska’s North Slope and on the Arctic environment; and
(H) there are no international contingency plans involving our two governments concerning containment and cleanup of an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean.
(2)
(A) The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Governor of Alaska, shall conduct a study of the issues of recovery of damages, contingency plans, and coordinated actions in the event of an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean.
(B) The Secretary shall, no later than January 31, 1991, transmit a report to the Congress on the findings and conclusions reached as the result of the study carried out under this subsection.
**(c) Treaty negotiations** The Congress calls upon the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Transportation, and the Governor of Alaska, to begin negotiations with the Foreign Minister of Canada regarding a treaty dealing with the complex issues of recovery of damages, contingency plans, and coordinated actions in the event of an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean.
**(d) Report to Congress** The Secretary of State shall report to the Congress on the Secretary’s efforts pursuant to this section no later than June 1, 1991.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this Act, the term—
(1) “act of God” means an unanticipated grave natural disaster or other natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable, and irresistible character the effects of which could not have been prevented or avoided by the exercise of due care or foresight;
(2) “barrel” means 42 United States gallons at 60 degrees fahrenheit;
(3) “claim” means a request, made in writing for a sum certain, for compensation for damages or removal costs resulting from an incident;
(4) “claimant” means any person or government who presents a claim for compensation under this subchapter;
(5) “damages” means damages specified in [section 2702(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section2702/b&num=0&edition=prelim), and includes the cost of assessing these damages;
(6) “deepwater port” is a facility licensed under the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 ([33 U.S.C. 1501–152](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section1501–152&num=0&edition=prelim)4);
(7) “discharge” means any emission (other than natural seepage), intentional or unintentional, and includes, but is not limited to, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping;
(8) “exclusive economic zone” means the zone established by Presidential Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated March 10, 1983, including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990;
(9) “facility” means any structure, group of structures, equipment, or device (other than a vessel) which is used for one or more of the following purposes: exploring for, drill
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 2701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Designation; administration; continuance of resources-management-programs for refuge lands in Alaska; disposal of acquired lands; proceeds**
(1) For the purpose of consolidating the authorities relating to the various categories of areas that are administered by the Secretary for the conservation of fish and wildlife, including species that are threatened with extinction, all lands, waters, and interests therein administered by the Secretary as wildlife refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, or waterfowl production areas are hereby designated as the “National Wildlife Refuge System” (referred to herein as the “System”), which shall be subject to the provisions of this section, and shall be administered by the Secretary through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. With respect to refuge lands in the State of Alaska, those programs relating to the management of resources for which any other agency of the Federal Government exercises administrative responsibility through cooperative agreement shall remain in effect, subject to the direct supervision of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, as long as such agency agrees to exercise such responsibility.
(2) The mission of the System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.
(3) With respect to the System, it is the policy of the United States that—
(A) each refuge shall be managed to fulfill the mission of the System, as well as the specific pu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 668dd
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that:
**(a)** The early development and delivery of oil and gas from Alaska’s North Slope to domestic markets is in the national interest because of growing domestic shortages and increasing dependence upon insecure foreign sources.
**(b)** The Department of the Interior and other Federal agencies, have, over a long period of time, conducted extensive studies of the technical aspects and of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, including consideration of a trans-Canada pipeline.
**(c)** The earliest possible construction of a trans-Alaska oil pipeline from the North Slope of Alaska to Port Valdez in that State will make the extensive proven and potential reserves of low-sulfur oil available for domestic use and will best serve the national interest.
**(d)** A supplemental pipeline to connect the North Slope with a trans-Canada pipeline may be needed later and it should be studied now, but it should not be regarded as an alternative for a trans-Alaska pipeline that does not traverse a foreign country.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 43 U.S.C. § 1651
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2246
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 3144
of oil and gas from the range shall be under-
taken until authorized by an Act of Congress.
(Pub. L. 96–487, title X, § 1003, Dec. 2, 1980, 94
Stat. 2452.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
OIL AND GAS PROGRAM
Pub. L. 115–97, title II, § 20001, Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat.
2235, provided that:
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
‘‘(1) COASTAL
PLAIN.—The term ‘Coastal Plain’
means the area identified as the 1002 Area on the
plates prepared by the United States Geological Sur-
vey entitled ‘ANWR Map – Plate 1’ and ‘ANWR Map
– Plate 2’, dated October 24, 2017, and on file with the
United States Geological Survey and the Office of the
Solicitor of the Department of the Interior.
‘‘(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the
Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau
of Land Management.
‘‘(b) OIL AND GAS PROGRAM.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1003 of the Alaska Na-
tional Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C.
3143) shall not apply to the Coastal Plain.
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish
and administer a competitive oil and gas program
for the leasing, development, production, and trans-
portation of oil and gas in and from the Coastal
Plain.
‘‘(B) PURPOSES.—[Amended section 303(2) of Pub.
L. 96–487, listed in a table under section 668dd of
this title.]
‘‘(3) MANAGEMENT.—Except as otherwise provided in
this section, the Secretary shall manage the oil and
gas program on the Coastal Plain in a manner similar
to the administration of lease sales under the Naval
Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C.
6501 et seq.) (including regulations).
‘‘(4)
ROYALTIES.—Notwithstanding
the
Mineral
Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), the royalty rate
for l
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 3145
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