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43 U.S.C. § 1651 — Congressional findings and declaration
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that:
**(a)** The early development and delivery of oil and gas from Alaska’s North Slope to domestic markets is in the national interest because of growing domestic shortages and increasing dependence upon insecure foreign sources.
**(b)** The Department of the Interior and other Federal agencies, have, over a long period of time, conducted extensive studies of the technical aspects and of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, including consideration of a trans-Canada pipeline.
**(c)** The earliest possible construction of a trans-Alaska oil pipeline from the North Slope of Alaska to Port Valdez in that State will make the extensive proven and potential reserves of low-sulfur oil available for domestic use and will best serve the national interest.
**(d)** A supplemental pipeline to connect the North Slope with a trans-Canada pipeline may be needed later and it should be studied now, but it should not be regarded as an alternative for a trans-Alaska pipeline that does not traverse a foreign country.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 43 U.S.C. § 1651
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_3dc726a8fc5eb20bc1b34060
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-43/section-1651-congressional-findings-and-declaration--fbdab5c9cc.md
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Source location: Title 43, Chapter 34, § 1651; chapter-034-trans-alaska-pipeline.md
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The Congress finds and declares that:
**(a)** The early development and delivery of oil and gas from Alaska’s North Slope to domestic markets is in the national interest because of growing domestic shortages and increasing dependence upon insecure foreign sources.
**(b)** The Department of the Interior and other Federal agencies, have, over a long period of time, conducted extensive studies of the technical aspects and of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, including consideration of a trans-Canada pipeline.
**(c)** The earliest possible construction of a trans-Alaska oil pipeline from the North Slope of Alaska to Port Valdez in that State will make the extensive proven and potential reserves of low-sulfur oil available for domestic use and will best serve the national interest.
**(d)** A supplemental pipeline to connect the North Slope with a trans-Canada pipeline may be needed later and it should be studied now, but it should not be regarded as an alternative for a trans-Alaska pipeline that does not traverse a foreign country.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Federal Power Act”.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 791a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter—
(1) the term “agency” means any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency, but does not include—
(A) the Government Accountability Office;
(B) Federal Election Commission;
(C) the governments of the District of Columbia and of the territories and possessions of the United States, and their various subdivisions; or
(D) Government-owned contractor-operated facilities, including laboratories engaged in national defense research and production activities;
(2) the term “burden” means time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, or provide information to or for a Federal agency, including the resources expended for—
(A) reviewing instructions;
(B) acquiring, installing, and utilizing technology and systems;
(C) adjusting the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
(D) searching data sources;
(E) completing and reviewing the collection of information; and
(F) transmitting, or otherwise disclosing the information;
(3) the term “collection of information”—
(A) means the obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure to third parties or the public, of facts or opinions by or for an agency, regardless of form or format, calling for either—
(i) answers to identical questions posed to, or identical reporting or recordkeeping requirements imposed on, ten or more persons, other than agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or
(ii) answers to questions posed to agencies, ins
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 44 U.S.C. § 3502
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Wildlife resources** The Secretary shall work closely with the State of Alaska and Native Village and Regional Corporations in evaluating the impact of oil and gas exploration, development, production, and transportation and other human activities on the wildlife resources of these lands, including impacts on the Arctic and Porcupine caribou herds, polar bear, muskox, grizzly bear, wolf, wolverine, seabirds, shore birds, and migratory waterfowl. In addition the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate agencies of the Government of Canada in evaluating such impacts particularly with respect to the Porcupine caribou herd.
**(b) Oil spills**
(1) The Congress finds that—
(A) Canada has discovered commercial quantities of oil and gas in the Amalagak region of the Northwest Territory;
(B) Canada is exploring alternatives for transporting the oil from the Amalagak field to markets in Asia and the Far East;
(C) one of the options the Canadian Government is exploring involves transshipment of oil from the Amalagak field across the Beaufort Sea to tankers which would transport the oil overseas;
(D) the tankers would traverse the American Exclusive Economic Zone through the Beaufort Sea into the Chuckchi Sea and then through the Bering Straits;
(E) the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas are vital to Alaska’s Native people, providing them with subsistence in the form of walrus, seals, fish, and whales;
(F) the Secretary of the Interior has conducted Outer Continental Shelf lease sales in the Beaufort and Chuckchi Seas and oil and gas exploration is ongoing;
(G) an oil spill in the Arctic Ocean, if not properly contained and cleaned up, could have significant impacts on the indigenous people of Alaska’s North Slope and on the Arctic environment; and
(H) t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 3145
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Activities along or in vicinity of pipeline right-of-way; strict liability; limitation on liability; subrogation; emergency subsistence and other aid; exemption for State of Alaska**
(1) Except when the holder of the pipeline right-of-way granted pursuant to this chapter can prove that damages in connection with or resulting from activities along or in the vicinity of the proposed trans-Alaskan pipeline right-of-way were caused solely by an act of war or negligence of the United States, other government entity, or the damaged party, such holder shall be strictly liable to all damaged parties, public or private, without regard to fault for such damages, and without regard to ownership of any affected lands, structures, fish, wildlife, or biotic or other natural resources relied upon by Alaska Natives, Native organizations, or others for subsistence or economic purposes. Claims for such injury or damages may be determined by arbitration or judicial proceedings.
(2) Liability under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be limited to $350,000,000 for any one incident, and the holders of the right-of-way or permit shall be liable for any claim allowed in proportion to their ownership interest in the right-of-way or permit. Liability of such holders for damages in excess of $350,000,000 shall be in accord with ordinary rules of negligence.
(3) In any case where liability without fault is imposed pursuant to this subsection and the damages involved were caused by the negligence of a third party, the rules of subrogation shall apply in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction where the damage occurred.
(4) Upon order of the Secretary, the holder of a right-of-way or permit shall provide emergency subsistence and other aid to an affected Alaska Native, Native organ
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 43 U.S.C. § 1653
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grant of authority** Rights-of-way through any Federal lands may be granted by the Secretary of the Interior or appropriate agency head for pipeline purposes for the transportation of oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid or gaseous fuels, or any refined product produced therefrom to any applicant possessing the qualifications provided in [section 181 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title30-section181&num=0&edition=prelim) in accordance with the provisions of this section.
**(b) Definitions**
(1) For the purposes of this section “Federal lands” means all lands owned by the United States except lands in the National Park System, lands held in trust for an Indian or Indian tribe, and lands on the Outer Continental Shelf. A right-of-way through a Federal reservation shall not be granted if the Secretary or agency head determines that it would be inconsistent with the purposes of the reservation.
(2) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior.
(3) “Agency head” means the head of any Federal department or independent Federal office or agency, other than the Secretary of the Interior, which has jurisdiction over Federal lands.
**(c) Inter-agency coordination**
(1) Where the surface of all of the Federal lands involved in a proposed right-of-way or permit is under the jurisdiction of one Federal agency, the agency head, rather than the Secretary, is authorized to grant or renew the right-of-way or permit for the purposes set forth in this section.
(2) Where the surface of the Federal lands involved is administered by the Secretary or by two or more Federal agencies, the Secretary is authorized, after consultation with the agencies involved, to grant or renew rights-of-way or permits through the Federal lands involved.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 30 U.S.C. § 185
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information that is subject to this subchapter if—
(1) the collection of information does not display a valid control number assigned by the Director in accordance with this subchapter; or
(2) the agency fails to inform the person who is to respond to the collection of information that such person is not required to respond to the collection of information unless it displays a valid control number.
**(b)** The protection provided by this section may be raised in the form of a complete defense, bar, or otherwise at any time during the agency administrative process or judicial action applicable thereto.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 44 U.S.C. § 3512
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Declaration of unlawfulness; power to prohibit unfair practices; inapplicability to foreign trade**
(1) Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are hereby declared unlawful.
(2) The Commission is hereby empowered and directed to prevent persons, partnerships, or corporations, except banks, savings and loan institutions described in [section 57a(f)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/3&num=0&edition=prelim), Federal credit unions described in [section 57a(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim), common carriers subject to the Acts to regulate commerce, air carriers and foreign air carriers subject to part A of subtitle VII of title 49, and persons, partnerships, or corporations insofar as they are subject to the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, as amended [[7 U.S.C. 181](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section181&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], except as provided in section 406(b) of said Act [[7 U.S.C. 227(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section227/b&num=0&edition=prelim)], from using unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce.
(3) This subsection shall not apply to unfair methods of competition involving commerce with foreign nations (other than import commerce) unless—
(A) such methods of competition have a direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect—
(i) on commerce which is not commerce with foreign nations, or on import commerce with foreign nations; or
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 45
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 93–153, title IV, § 405, Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 590, provided for appointment by the President of head of Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under [section 801 of Title 30](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title30-section801&num=0&edition=prelim), Mineral Lands and Mining.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 43 U.S.C. § 1456a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Minerals within section** The provisions of this section shall apply to all minerals that are subject to disposition under the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as amended and supplemented [[30 U.S.C. 181](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title30-section181&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
**(b) Interim payments into Alaska Native Fund based on percentage of gross value of produced or removed minerals and of rentals and bonuses; time of payment** With respect to conditional leases and sales of minerals heretofore or hereafter made pursuant to section 6(g) of the Alaska Statehood Act, and with respect to mineral leases of the United States that are or may be subsumed by the State under section 6(h) of the Alaska Statehood Act, until such time as the provisions of subsection (c) become operative the State shall pay into the Alaska Native Fund from the royalties, rentals, and bonuses hereafter received by the State (1) a royalty of 2 per centum upon the gross value (as such gross value is determined for royalty purposes under such leases or sales) of such minerals produced or removed from such lands, and (2) 2 per centum of all rentals and bonuses under such leases or sales, excluding bonuses received by the State at the September 1969 sale of minerals from tentatively approved lands and excluding rentals received pursuant to such sale before December 18, 1971. Such payment shall be made within sixty days from the date the revenues are received by the State.
**(c) Patents; royalties: reservation of percentage of gross value of produced or removed minerals and of rentals and bonuses from disposition of minerals** Each patent hereafter issued to the State under the Alaska Statehood Act, including a patent of lands heretofore selected and tentati
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 43 U.S.C. § 1608
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) a natural gas supply shortage exists in the contiguous States of the United States;
(2) large reserves of natural gas in the State of Alaska could help significantly to alleviate this supply shortage;
(3) the expeditious construction of a viable natural gas transportation system for delivery of Alaska natural gas to United States markets is in the national interest; and
(4) the determinations whether to authorize a transportation system for delivery of Alaska natural gas to the contiguous States and, if so, which system to select, involve questions of the utmost importance respecting national energy policy, international relations, national security, and economic and environmental impact, and therefore should appropriately be addressed by the Congress and the President in addition to those Federal officers and agencies assigned functions under law pertaining to the selection, construction, and initial operation of such a system.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 719
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