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18 U.S.C. § 1584 — Sale into involuntary servitude

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1584 — Sale into involuntary servitude

**(a)** Whoever knowingly and willfully holds to involuntary servitude or sells into any condition of involuntary servitude, any other person for any term, or brings within the United States any person so held, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If death results from the violation of this section, or if the violation includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both. **(b)** Whoever obstructs, attempts to obstruct, or in any way interferes with or prevents the enforcement of this section, shall be subject to the penalties described in subsection (a).

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1584-sale-into-involuntary-servitude--d36f781af7.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 77, § 1584; chapter-077-peonage-slavery-and-trafficking-in-persons.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1581 — Peonage; obstructing enforcement

**(a)** Whoever holds or returns any person to a condition of peonage, or arrests any person with the intent of placing him in or returning him to a condition of peonage, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If death results from the violation of this section, or if the violation includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, the defendant shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or life, or both. **(b)** Whoever obstructs, or attempts to obstruct, or in any way interferes with or prevents the enforcement of this section, shall be liable to the penalties prescribed in subsection (a).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 2 — Principals

**(a)** Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal. **(b)** Whoever willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States, is punishable as a principal.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1201 — Kidnapping

**(a)** Whoever unlawfully seizes, confines, inveigles, decoys, kidnaps, abducts, or carries away and holds for ransom or reward or otherwise any person, except in the case of a minor by the parent thereof, when— (1) the person is willfully transported in interstate or foreign commerce, regardless of whether the person was alive when transported across a State boundary, or the offender travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses the mail or any means, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in committing or in furtherance of the commission of the offense; (2) any such act against the person is done within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States; (3) any such act against the person is done within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States as defined in [section 46501 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section46501&num=0&edition=prelim); (4) the person is a foreign official, an internationally protected person, or an official guest as those terms are defined in [section 1116(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1116/b&num=0&edition=prelim); or (5) the person is among those officers and employees described in [section 1114 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1114&num=0&edition=prelim) and any such act against the person is done while the person is engaged in, or on account of, the performance of official duties, shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment. **(b)** With respect to subsection (a)(1), above, the failure to release t

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 5 — United States defined

The term “United States”, as used in this title in a territorial sense, includes all places and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, except the Canal Zone.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1585 — Seizure, detention, transportation or sale of slaves

Whoever, being a citizen or resident of the United States and a member of the crew or ship’s company of any foreign vessel engaged in the slave trade, or whoever, being of the crew or ship’s company of any vessel owned in whole or in part, or navigated for, or in behalf of, any citizen of the United States, lands from such vessel, and on any foreign shore seizes any person with intent to make that person a slave, or decoys, or forcibly brings, carries, receives, confines, detains or transports any person as a slave on board such vessel, or, on board such vessel, offers or attempts to sell any such person as a slave, or on the high seas or anywhere on tide water, transfers or delivers to any other vessel any such person with intent to make such person a slave, or lands or delivers on shore from such vessel any person with intent to sell, or having previously sold, such person as a slave, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than seven years, or both.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 7101 — Purposes and findings

**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to combat trafficking in persons, a contemporary manifestation of slavery whose victims are predominantly women and children, to ensure just and effective punishment of traffickers, and to protect their victims. **(b) Findings** Congress finds that: (1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading institution of slavery continues throughout the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of slavery, and it is the largest manifestation of slavery today. At least 700,000 persons annually, primarily women and children, are trafficked within or across international borders. Approximately 50,000 women and children are trafficked into the United States each year. (2) Many of these persons are trafficked into the international sex trade, often by force, fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rapidly expanded over the past several decades. It involves sexual exploitation of persons, predominantly women and girls, involving activities related to prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, and other commercial sexual services. The low status of women in many parts of the world has contributed to a burgeoning of the trafficking industry. (3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to the sex industry. This growing transnational crime also includes forced labor and involves significant violations of labor, public health, and human rights standards worldwide. (4) Traffickers primarily target women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. Traffickers lure women and girls into their networks through false promises of decent working conditions at relatively good pay as nannies, maids, d

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1584 — Sale into involuntary servitude

Page 410 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 1584 (b) Whoever violates this section shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both if— (1) the violation results in the death of the victim; or (2) the violation includes kidnaping, an at- tempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title II, § 218(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–573; Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, § 112(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1486; Pub. L. 110–457, title II, § 222(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5067; Pub. L. 115–392, § 11(1)(A), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5255.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 443 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 268, 35 Stat. 1141). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omit- ted as unnecessary in view of definition of ‘‘principal’’ in section 2 of this title. Minor changes were made in paragraphing of section. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–392 substituted ‘‘not more than 30 years’’ for ‘‘not more than 20 years’’ in concluding provisions. 2008—Pub. L. 110–457 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section provided penalties for kidnap- ping or enticement of a person with intent to sell or hold such person as a slave. 2000—Pub. L. 106–386, in last par., substituted ‘‘20 years’’ for ‘‘10 years’’ and inserted at end ‘‘If death re- sults from the violation of this section, or if the viola- tion includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, ag- gravated sexual abuse or the attempt to commit aggra- vated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill

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