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42 U.S.C. § 280g–4c — Expanding access to forensics for victims of interpersonal violence
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Community health aide; community health practitioner** — The terms “community health aide” and “community health practitioner” have the meanings given such terms for purposes of section 1616l of title 25.
(2) **Health care provider** — The term “health care provider” has the meaning given such term by the Secretary, and includes registered nurses, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, physician assistants, and physicians.
(3) **Indian tribe; Tribal organization** — The terms “Indian Tribe” and “Tribal organization” shall have the meanings given such terms in [section 5304 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5304&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Institution of higher education** — The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in [section 1001 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Interpersonal violence** — The term “interpersonal violence” means any form of violence that is emotional and trauma-inducing for victims, families of victims, perpetrators, and communities.
(6) **Native Hawaiian organization** — The term “Native Hawaiian organization” has the meaning given such term in [section 11711 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11711&num=0&edition=prelim).
(7) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(8) **Trauma-informed care** — The term “trauma-informed care” means care received by trauma survivors that is culturally competent in accordance with professional standards of practice and accounting for patients’ experiences and prefere
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 280g–4c
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-280g4c-expanding-access-to-forensics-for-victims-of-interpersonal-violence--215959fb4f.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 6A, § 280g–4c; chapter-6a-public-health-service.md
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**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Community health aide; community health practitioner** — The terms “community health aide” and “community health practitioner” have the meanings given such terms for purposes of section 1616l of title 25.
(2) **Health care provider** — The term “health care provider” has the meaning given such term by the Secretary, and includes registered nurses, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, physician assistants, and physicians.
(3) **Indian tribe; Tribal organization** — The terms “Indian Tribe” and “Tribal organization” shall have the meanings given such terms in [section 5304 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5304&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Institution of higher education** — The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in [section 1001 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Interpersonal violence** — The term “interpersonal violence” means any form of violence that is emotional and trauma-inducing for victims, families of victims, perpetrators, and communities.
(6) **Native Hawaiian organization** — The term “Native Hawaiian organization” has the meaning given such term in [section 11711 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11711&num=0&edition=prelim).
(7) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(8) **Trauma-informed care** — The term “trauma-informed care” means care received by trauma survivors that is culturally competent in accordance with professional standards of practice and accounting for patients’ experiences and preferences in order to eliminate or mitigate triggers that may cause re-traumatization of the patient.
(9) **Urban Indian organization** — The term “Urban Indian organization” has the meaning given such term in [section 1603 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section1603&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Demonstration grants for comprehensive forensic training**
(1) **Establishment of program** — The Secretary shall establish a demonstration program to award grants to eligible entities for the clinical training of health care providers to provide generalist forensic services and trauma-informed care to survivors of interpersonal violence of all ages.
(2) **Purpose** — The purpose of the demonstration program under this subsection is to develop training and curriculum to provide health care providers with the skills to support the provision of forensic assessment and trauma-informed care to individuals, families, and communities that have experienced violence or trauma and to be available to collaborate with members of an inter-professional forensic team.
(3) **Term** — Grants under this subsection shall be for a term of 5 years.
(4) **Eligible entities** — To be eligible to receive a grant under this subsection, an entity shall—
(A) be an institute of higher education, including a minority serving institution as described in [section 1067q of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1067q&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(5) **Grant amount** — Each grant awarded under this subsection shall be in an amount that does not exceed $400,000 per year. A grant recipient may carry over funds from one fiscal year to the next without obtaining approval from the Secretary.
(6) **Authorization of appropriations**
(A) *In general* — There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
(B) *Set-aside* — Of the amount appropriated under this paragraph for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve 10 percent for purposes of making grants to support training and curricula that addresses the unique needs of Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Urban Indian organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations. Amounts so reserved may be used to support training, referrals, and the delivery of emergency first aid, culturally competent support, and forensic evidence collection training.
**(c) Technical assistance grants and learning collectives**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall establish a State and Tribal forensic provider technical resource center to provide technical assistance and support collaboration and best practices for health care providers, community health aides, and community health practitioners to improve the quality of, and increase access to, forensic services for all survivors of interpersonal violence. The Secretary may enter into contracts with national experts for purposes of carrying out this subsection.
(2) **Authorization of appropriations** — There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection, $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
**(d) National report** Not later than 1 year after March 15, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Office for Victims of Crime of the Department of Justice, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Indian Health Service, the Office on Women’s Health of the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Office on Violence Against Women of the Department of Justice shall jointly submit to the Secretary a report on the need for, throughout the States, Indian Tribes, and territories—
(1) access to generalist medical forensic services, evidence collection, and documentation that aids in meeting the needs of health care patients and improves future law enforcement investigation and prosecution; and
(2) data for research to support the response to and prevention of interpersonal violence, improved ability of health care providers to adequately respond to patients who exhibit signs of victimization, and address the unique needs of Tribal communities.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women.
(2) **Eligible entity** — The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) a State;
(B) a unit of local government;
(C) a tribal government;
(D) a tribal organization;
(E) a victim service provider;
(F) an institution of higher education (as defined in [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(G) a private or public nonprofit organization, including—
(i) a tribal nonprofit organization; and
(ii) a faith-based nonprofit organization.
(3) **Restorative practice** — The term “restorative practice” means a practice relating to a specific harm that—
(A) is community-based and unaffiliated with any civil or criminal legal process;
(B) is initiated by a victim of the harm;
(C) involves, on a voluntary basis and without any evidence of coercion or intimidation of any victim of the harm by any individual who committed the harm or anyone associated with any such individual—
(i) 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) the community affected by the harm through 1 or more representatives of the community;
(D) shall include and has the goal of—
(i) collectively seeking accountability from 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) developing a written process whereby 1 or more individuals who committed the harm will take responsibility for the actions that caused harm to 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) developing a written course of action plan—
(I) that is responsive to the needs of 1 or more victims of the harm;
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 12291
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter.
**(b) Availability of appropriations** Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the provision of funds under this chapter shall be subject to the availability of appropriations and the Secretary is not required to reduce funding for programs, projects, or activities serving a tribe in order to make funds available to another tribe or tribal organization under this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 5304
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter:
(1) **Disease prevention** — The term “disease prevention” includes—
(A) immunizations,
(B) control of high blood pressure,
(C) control of sexually transmittable diseases,
(D) prevention and control of diabetes,
(E) control of toxic agents,
(F) occupational safety and health,
(G) accident prevention,
(H) fluoridation of water,
(I) control of infectious agents, and
(J) provision of mental health care.
(2) **Health promotion** — The term “health promotion” includes—
(A) pregnancy and infant care, including prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome,
(B) cessation of tobacco smoking,
(C) reduction in the misuse of alcohol and drugs,
(D) improvement of nutrition,
(E) improvement in physical fitness,
(F) family planning,
(G) control of stress, and
(H) educational programs with the mission of improving the health, capability, and well-being of Native Hawaiians.
(3) **Native Hawaiian** — The term “Native Hawaiian” means any individual who is—
(A) a citizen of the United States, and
(B) a descendant of the aboriginal people, who prior to 1778, occupied and exercised sovereignty in the area that now constitutes the State of Hawaii, as evidenced by—
(i) genealogical records,
(ii) Kupuna (elders) or Kama’aina (long-term community residents) verification, or
(iii) birth records of the State of Hawaii.
(4) **Native Hawaiian health center** — The term “Native Hawaiian health center” means an entity—
(A) which is organized under the laws of the State of Hawaii,
(B) which provides or arranges for health care services through practitioners licensed by the State of Hawaii, where licensure requirements are applicable,
(C) which is a public or nonprofit private entity, and
(D)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 11711
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this section are—
(1) to provide access to traditional foods in food service programs;
(2) to encourage increased consumption of traditional foods to decrease health disparities among Indians, particularly Alaska Natives; and
(3) to provide alternative food options for food service programs.
**(b) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Alaska Native** — The term “Alaska Native” means a person who is a member of any Native village, Village Corporation, or Regional Corporation (as those terms are defined in [section 1602 of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1602&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Commissioner** — The term “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Food and Drugs.
(3) **Food service program** — The term “food service program” includes—
(A) food service at residential child care facilities that have a license from an appropriate State agency;
(B) any child nutrition program (as that term is defined in [section 1769f(b) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1769f/b&num=0&edition=prelim));
(C) food service at hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities; and
(D) senior meal programs.
(4) **Indian; Indian tribe** — The terms “Indian” and “Indian tribe” have the meanings given those terms in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ([25 U.S.C. 450b](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section450b&num=0&edition=prelim)).11 See References in Text note below.
(5) **Traditional food**
(A) *In general* — The term “traditional food” means food that has traditionally been prepared and consumed by an Indian tribe.
(B) *Inclusions* — The term “traditi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 1603
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Commercial pornographic content** — The term “commercial pornographic content” means any material that is subject to the record keeping requirements under [section 2257 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2257&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Consent** — The term “consent” means an affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization made by the individual free from force, fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion.
(3) **Depicted individual** — The term “depicted individual” means an individual whose body appears in whole or in part in an intimate visual depiction and who is identifiable by virtue of the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from information displayed in connection with the visual depiction.
(4) **Disclose** — The term “disclose” means to transfer, publish, distribute, or make accessible.
(5) **Intimate visual depiction** — The term “intimate visual depiction”—
(A) means a visual depiction, as that term is defined in [section 2256(5) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256/5&num=0&edition=prelim), that depicts—
(i) the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus, or post-pubescent female nipple of an identifiable individual; or
(ii) the display or transfer of bodily sexual fluids—
(I) on to any part of the body of an identifiable individual;
(II) from the body of an identifiable individual; or
(III) an identifiable individual engaging in sexually explicit conduct and 11 So in original.
(B) includes any visual depictions described in subparagraph (A) produced while the identifiable individual wa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 6851
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 366, formerly title X, § 1047, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title X, § 1002, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1567; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, § 6221, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1518; Pub. L. 102–325, title X, § 1002(f), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 780; renumbered title III, § 366, Pub. L. 105–244, title III, § 301(a)(5), (7), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1636, authorized appropriations to carry out Fund for Improvement of Postsecondary Education program.
#### Codification
Section was formerly classified to [section 1135d–6 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1135d–6&num=0&edition=prelim) prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 105–244.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under [section 1001 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1067q
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