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15 U.S.C. § 6851 — Civil action relating to disclosure of intimate images
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Commercial pornographic content** — The term “commercial pornographic content” means any material that is subject to the record keeping requirements under [section 2257 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2257&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Consent** — The term “consent” means an affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization made by the individual free from force, fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion.
(3) **Depicted individual** — The term “depicted individual” means an individual whose body appears in whole or in part in an intimate visual depiction and who is identifiable by virtue of the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from information displayed in connection with the visual depiction.
(4) **Disclose** — The term “disclose” means to transfer, publish, distribute, or make accessible.
(5) **Intimate visual depiction** — The term “intimate visual depiction”—
(A) means a visual depiction, as that term is defined in [section 2256(5) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256/5&num=0&edition=prelim), that depicts—
(i) the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus, or post-pubescent female nipple of an identifiable individual; or
(ii) the display or transfer of bodily sexual fluids—
(I) on to any part of the body of an identifiable individual;
(II) from the body of an identifiable individual; or
(III) an identifiable individual engaging in sexually explicit conduct and 11 So in original.
(B) includes any visual depictions described in subparagraph (A) produced while the identifiable individual wa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 6851
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_a6813efd22c685f9f86660f0
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-6851-civil-action-relating-to-disclosure-of-intimate-images--3449293bb5.md
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Passage SHA-256: 057b041ed3a20db4e865bd22e4a5bc1b79530184ca46fe6837259559cbee777b
Source location: Title 15, Chapter 94A, § 6851; chapter-94a-visual-depiction-privacy.md
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**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Commercial pornographic content** — The term “commercial pornographic content” means any material that is subject to the record keeping requirements under [section 2257 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2257&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Consent** — The term “consent” means an affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization made by the individual free from force, fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion.
(3) **Depicted individual** — The term “depicted individual” means an individual whose body appears in whole or in part in an intimate visual depiction and who is identifiable by virtue of the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from information displayed in connection with the visual depiction.
(4) **Disclose** — The term “disclose” means to transfer, publish, distribute, or make accessible.
(5) **Intimate visual depiction** — The term “intimate visual depiction”—
(A) means a visual depiction, as that term is defined in [section 2256(5) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256/5&num=0&edition=prelim), that depicts—
(i) the uncovered genitals, pubic area, anus, or post-pubescent female nipple of an identifiable individual; or
(ii) the display or transfer of bodily sexual fluids—
(I) on to any part of the body of an identifiable individual;
(II) from the body of an identifiable individual; or
(III) an identifiable individual engaging in sexually explicit conduct and 11 So in original.
(B) includes any visual depictions described in subparagraph (A) produced while the identifiable individual was in a public place only if the individual did not—
(i) voluntarily display the content depicted; or
(ii) consent to the sexual conduct depicted.
(6) **Sexually explicit conduct** — The term “sexually explicit conduct” has the meaning given the term in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of [section 2256(2) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Civil action**
(1) **Right of action**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in paragraph (4), an individual whose intimate visual depiction is disclosed, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, without the consent of the individual, where such disclosure was made by a person who knows that, or recklessly disregards whether, the individual has not consented to such disclosure, may bring a civil action against that person in an appropriate district court of the United States for relief as set forth in paragraph (3).
(B) *Rights on behalf of certain individuals* — In the case of an individual who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the individual or representative of the identifiable individual’s estate, another family member, or any other person appointed as suitable by the court, may assume the identifiable individual’s’ 1 rights under this section, but in no event shall the defendant be named as such representative or guardian.
(2) **Consent** — For purposes of an action under paragraph (1)—
(A) the fact that the individual consented to the creation of the depiction shall not establish that the person consented to its distribution; and
(B) the fact that the individual disclosed the intimate visual depiction to someone else shall not establish that the person consented to the further disclosure of the intimate visual depiction by the person alleged to have violated paragraph (1).
(3) **Relief**
(A) *In general* — In a civil action filed under this section—
(i) an individual may recover the actual damages sustained by the individual or liquidated damages in the amount of $150,000, and the cost of the action, including reasonable attorney’s fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred; and
(ii) the court may, in addition to any other relief available at law, order equitable relief, including a temporary restraining order, a preliminary injunction, or a permanent injunction ordering the defendant to cease display or disclosure of the visual depiction.
(B) *Preservation of anonymity* — In ordering relief under subparagraph (A), the court may grant injunctive relief maintaining the confidentiality of a plaintiff using a pseudonym.
(4) **Exceptions** — An identifiable individual may not bring an action for relief under this section relating to—
(A) an intimate image that is commercial pornographic content, unless that content was produced by force, fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion of the depicted individual;
(B) a disclosure made in good faith—
(i) to a law enforcement officer or agency;
(ii) as part of a legal proceeding;
(iii) as part of medical education, diagnosis, or treatment; or
(iv) in the reporting or investigation of—
(I) unlawful content; or
(II) unsolicited or unwelcome conduct;
(C) a matter of public concern or public interest; or
(D) a disclosure reasonably intended to assist the identifiable individual.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **In general** — Not later than 120 days after March 15, 2022, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall establish a program under which the Bureau of Prisons shall accept offenders convicted in tribal court pursuant to [section 1302 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section1302&num=0&edition=prelim) (as amended by this section), subject to the conditions described in paragraph (2).
(2) **Conditions**
(A) *In general* — As a condition of participation in the program described in paragraph (1), the tribal court shall submit to the Attorney General a request for confinement of the offender, for approval by the Attorney General (or a designee) by not later than 30 days after the date of submission.
(B) *Limitations* — Requests for confinement shall be limited to offenders convicted of a violent crime (comparable to the violent crimes described in [section 1153(a) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1153/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) for which the sentence includes a term of imprisonment of 1 or more years.
(C) *Custody conditions* — The imprisonment by the Bureau of Prisons shall be subject to the conditions described in [section 5003 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section5003&num=0&edition=prelim), regarding the custody of State offenders, except that the offender shall be placed in the nearest available and appropriate Federal facility, and imprisoned at the expense of the United States.
(D) *Cap* — The Bureau of Prisons shall confine not more than 100 tribal offenders at any time.
(3) **Rescinding requests**
(A) *In general* — The applicable tribal government shall retain the authority to rescind the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 1302a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women.
(2) **Eligible entity** — The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) a State;
(B) a unit of local government;
(C) a tribal government;
(D) a tribal organization;
(E) a victim service provider;
(F) an institution of higher education (as defined in [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(G) a private or public nonprofit organization, including—
(i) a tribal nonprofit organization; and
(ii) a faith-based nonprofit organization.
(3) **Restorative practice** — The term “restorative practice” means a practice relating to a specific harm that—
(A) is community-based and unaffiliated with any civil or criminal legal process;
(B) is initiated by a victim of the harm;
(C) involves, on a voluntary basis and without any evidence of coercion or intimidation of any victim of the harm by any individual who committed the harm or anyone associated with any such individual—
(i) 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) the community affected by the harm through 1 or more representatives of the community;
(D) shall include and has the goal of—
(i) collectively seeking accountability from 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) developing a written process whereby 1 or more individuals who committed the harm will take responsibility for the actions that caused harm to 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) developing a written course of action plan—
(I) that is responsive to the needs of 1 or more victims of the harm;
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 12291
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which—
(1) contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and
(2) is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce;
shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.
**(b)** Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall, with respect to every performer portrayed in a visual depiction of actual sexually explicit conduct—
(1) ascertain, by examination of an identification document containing such information, the performer’s name and date of birth, and require the performer to provide such other indicia of his or her identity as may be prescribed by regulations;
(2) ascertain any name, other than the performer’s present and correct name, ever used by the performer including maiden name, alias, nickname, stage, or professional name; and
(3) record in the records required by subsection (a) the information required by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection and such other identifying information as may be prescribed by regulation.
**(c)** Any person to whom subsection (a) applies shall maintain the records required by this section at his business premises, or at such other place as the Attorney General may by regulation prescribe and shall make such records available to the Attorney General for inspection at all reasonable times.
**(d)**
(1) No information or evidence obtained fr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2257
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Full Faith and Credit.—** Any protection order issued that is consistent with subsection (b) of this section by the court of one State, Indian tribe, or territory (the issuing State, Indian tribe, or territory) shall be accorded full faith and credit by the court of another State, Indian tribe, or territory (the enforcing State, Indian tribe, or territory) and enforced by the court and law enforcement personnel of the other State, Indian tribal government or Territory 11 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized. as if it were the order of the enforcing State or tribe.
**(b) Protection Order.—** A protection order issued by a State, tribal, or territorial court is consistent with this subsection if—
(1) such court has jurisdiction over the parties and matter under the law of such State, Indian tribe, or territory; and
(2) reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard is given to the person against whom the order is sought sufficient to protect that person’s right to due process. In the case of ex parte orders, notice and opportunity to be heard must be provided within the time required by State, tribal, or territorial law, and in any event within a reasonable time after the order is issued, sufficient to protect the respondent’s due process rights.
**(c) Cross or Counter Petition.—** A protection order issued by a State, tribal, or territorial court against one who has petitioned, filed a complaint, or otherwise filed a written pleading for protection against abuse by a spouse or intimate partner is not entitled to full faith and credit if—
(1) no cross or counter petition, complaint, or other written pleading was filed seeking such a protection order; or
(2) a cross or counter petition has been filed and the court did not make specific findings tha
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2265
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 21308
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison, or in any prison, institution, or facility in which persons are held in custody by direction of or pursuant to a contract or agreement with the head of any Federal department or agency, knowingly—
(1) causes another person to engage in a sexual act by threatening or placing that other person in fear (other than by threatening or placing that other person in fear that any person will be subjected to death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping);
(2) engages in a sexual act with another person if that other person is—
(A) incapable of appraising the nature of the conduct; or
(B) physically incapable of declining participation in, or communicating unwillingness to engage in, that sexual act; or
(3) engages in a sexual act with another person without that other person’s consent, to include doing so through coercion;
or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title and imprisoned for any term of years or for life.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2242
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Of a Minor.—** Whoever, in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison, or in any prison, institution, or facility in which persons are held in custody by direction of or pursuant to a contract or agreement with the head of any Federal department or agency, knowingly engages in a sexual act with another person who—
(1) has attained the age of 12 years but has not attained the age of 16 years; and
(2) is at least four years younger than the person so engaging;
**(b) Of a Ward.—** Whoever, in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison, or in any prison, institution, or facility in which persons are held in custody by direction of or pursuant to a contract or agreement with the head of any Federal department or agency, knowingly engages in a sexual act with another person who is—
(1) in official detention; and
(2) under the custodial, supervisory, or disciplinary authority of the person so engaging;
or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
**(c) Of an Individual in Federal Custody.—** Whoever, while acting in their capacity as a Federal law enforcement officer, knowingly engages in a sexual act with an individual who is under arrest, under supervision, in detention, or in Federal custody, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
**(d) Defenses.—** In a prosecution under subsection (a) of this section, it is a defense, which the defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant reasonably believed that the other person had attained the age of 16 years.
**(e) State of Mind Proof Requirement.—** In a prosecution under subsection (a) of this
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2243
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Sexual Conduct in Circumstances Where Sexual Acts Are Punished by This Chapter.—** Whoever, in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison, or in any prison, institution, or facility in which persons are held in custody by direction of or pursuant to a contract or agreement with the head of any Federal department or agency, knowingly engages in or causes sexual contact with or by another person, if so to do would violate—
(1) subsection (a) or (b) of [section 2241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2241&num=0&edition=prelim) had the sexual contact been a sexual act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than ten years, or both;
(2) [section 2242 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2242&num=0&edition=prelim) had the sexual contact been a sexual act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than three years, or both;
(3) subsection (a) of [section 2243 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2243&num=0&edition=prelim) had the sexual contact been a sexual act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than two years, or both;
(4) subsection (b) of [section 2243 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2243&num=0&edition=prelim) had the sexual contact been a sexual act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than two years, or both;
(5) subsection (c) of [section 2241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2241&num=0&edition=prelim) had the sexual contact been a sexual act, shall be fined under this titl
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2244
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) the term “prison” means a correctional, detention, or penal facility;
(2) the term “sexual act” means—
(A) contact between the penis and the vulva or the penis and the anus, and for purposes of this subparagraph contact involving the penis occurs upon penetration, however slight;
(B) contact between the mouth and the penis, the mouth and the vulva, or the mouth and the anus;
(C) the penetration, however slight, of the anal or genital opening of another by a hand or finger or by any object, with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person; or
(D) the intentional touching, not through the clothing, of the genitalia of another person who has not attained the age of 16 years with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person;
(3) the term “sexual contact” means the intentional touching, either directly or through the clothing, of the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person;
(4) the term “serious bodily injury” means bodily injury that involves a substantial risk of death, unconsciousness, extreme physical pain, protracted and obvious disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty;
(5) the term “official detention” means—
(A) detention by a Federal officer or employee, or under the direction of a Federal officer or employee, following arrest for an offense; following surrender in lieu of arrest for an offense; following a charge or conviction of an offense, or an allegation or finding of juvenile delinquency; following co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2246
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Offense.—** It shall be unlawful for any person to, in the course of committing an offense under this chapter or under section 901 of the Fair Housing Act ([42 U.S.C. 3631](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3631&num=0&edition=prelim)), engage in, or cause another to engage in, sexual misconduct.
**(b) Penalties.—** Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be—
(1) in the case of an offense involving aggravated sexual abuse, as defined in section 2241, or if the offense involved sexual abuse, as defined in section 2242, or if the offense involved an attempt to commit such aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse, fined under this title and imprisoned for any term of years or for life;
(2) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of a child who has not attained the age of 16, of the type prohibited by section 2244(a)(5), fined under this title and imprisoned for any term of years or for life;
(3) in the case of an offense involving a sexual act, as defined in section 2246, with another person without the other person’s permission, and it does not amount to sexual abuse or aggravated sexual abuse, be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 40 years;
(4) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of the type prohibited by subsection (a)(1) or (b) of section 2244, but excluding abusive sexual contact through the clothing—
(A) fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 10 years; and
(B) if the offense involves a child who has not attained the age of 12 years, imprisoned for not more than 30 years;
(5) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of the type prohibited by section 2244(a)(2)—
(A) fined under this title and imprisoned for
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 250
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