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50 U.S.C. § 4303 — Acts prohibited
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It shall be unlawful—
**(a)** For any person in the United States, except with the license of the President, granted to such person, or to the enemy, or ally of enemy, as provided in this chapter, to trade, or attempt to trade, either directly or indirectly, with, to, or from, or for, or on account of, or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any other person, with knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that such other person is an enemy or ally of enemy, or is conducting or taking part in such trade, directly or indirectly, for, or on account of, or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, an enemy or ally of enemy.
**(b)** For any person, except with the license of the President, to transport or attempt to transport into or from the United States, or for any owner, master, or other person in charge of a vessel of American registry to transport or attempt to transport from any place to any other place, any subject or citizen of an enemy or ally of enemy nation, with knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the person transported or attempted to be transported is such subject or citizen.
**(c)** For any person (other than a person in the service of the United States Government or of the Government of any nation, except that of an enemy or ally of enemy nation, and other than such persons or classes of persons as may be exempted hereunder by the President or by such person as he may direct), to send, or take out of, or bring into, or attempt to send, or take out of, or bring into the United States, any letter or other writing or tangible form of communication, except in the regular course of the mail; and it shall be unlawful for any person to send, take, or transmit, or attempt to send, take, or transmit out of the United States, any letter or other writing, book,
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_47dbab296969dcba9fb6d5c5
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-50/section-4303-acts-prohibited--f421766719.md
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Source location: Title 50, Chapter 53, § 4303; chapter-053-trading-with-the-enemy.md
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It shall be unlawful—
**(a)** For any person in the United States, except with the license of the President, granted to such person, or to the enemy, or ally of enemy, as provided in this chapter, to trade, or attempt to trade, either directly or indirectly, with, to, or from, or for, or on account of, or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any other person, with knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that such other person is an enemy or ally of enemy, or is conducting or taking part in such trade, directly or indirectly, for, or on account of, or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, an enemy or ally of enemy.
**(b)** For any person, except with the license of the President, to transport or attempt to transport into or from the United States, or for any owner, master, or other person in charge of a vessel of American registry to transport or attempt to transport from any place to any other place, any subject or citizen of an enemy or ally of enemy nation, with knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the person transported or attempted to be transported is such subject or citizen.
**(c)** For any person (other than a person in the service of the United States Government or of the Government of any nation, except that of an enemy or ally of enemy nation, and other than such persons or classes of persons as may be exempted hereunder by the President or by such person as he may direct), to send, or take out of, or bring into, or attempt to send, or take out of, or bring into the United States, any letter or other writing or tangible form of communication, except in the regular course of the mail; and it shall be unlawful for any person to send, take, or transmit, or attempt to send, take, or transmit out of the United States, any letter or other writing, book, map, plan, or other paper, picture, or any telegram, cablegram, or wireless message, or other form of communication intended for or to be delivered, directly or indirectly, to an enemy or ally of enemy: Provided, however, That any person may send, take, or transmit out of the United States anything herein forbidden if he shall first submit the same to the President, or to such officer as the President may direct, and shall obtain the license or consent of the President, under such rules and regulations, and with such exemptions, as shall be prescribed by the President.
**(d)** Whenever, during the present war, the President shall deem that the public safety demands it, he may cause to be censored under such rules and regulations as he may from time to time establish, communications by mail, cable, radio, or other means of transmission passing between the United States and any foreign country he may from time to time specify, or which may be carried by any vessel or other means of transportation touching at any port, place, or territory of the United States and bound to or from any foreign country. Any person who willfully evades or attempts to evade the submission of any such communication to such censorship or willfully uses or attempts to use any code or other device for the purpose of concealing from such censorship the intended meaning of such communication shall be punished as provided in [section 4315 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4315&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President is authorized to appoint, prescribe the duties of, and fix the salary of an official to be known as the alien property custodian, who shall be empowered to receive all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy, or ally of enemy, which may be paid, conveyed, transferred, assigned, or delivered to said custodian under the provisions of this chapter; and to hold, administer, and account for the same under the general direction of the President and as provided in this chapter. The President may further employ in the District of Columbia and elsewhere and fix the compensation of such clerks, attorneys, investigators, accountants, and other employees as he may find necessary for the due administration of the provisions of this chapter; Provided, That such clerks, investigators, accountants, and other employees shall be appointed from lists of eligibles to be supplied by the Civil Service Commission 11 See Transfer of Functions note below. and in accordance with the civil-service law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4306
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter shall be known as the “Trading with the enemy 11 So in original. Act.”
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Criminal liability** Whoever shall willfully violate any of the provisions of this chapter or of any license, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, and whoever shall willfully violate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any order of the President issued in compliance with the provisions of the chapter shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(b) Civil liability; hearing; judicial review**
(1) A civil penalty of not to exceed $50,000 may be imposed by the Secretary of the Treasury on any person who violates any license, order, rule, or regulation issued in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.
(2) Any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with its tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, that is the subject of a violation under paragraph (1) shall, at the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, be forfeited to the United States Government.
(3) The penalties provided under this subsection may be imposed only on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5, with the right to prehearing discovery.
(4) Judicial review of any penalty imposed under this subsection may be had to the extent provided in [section 702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section702&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Forfeiture** Upon conviction, any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, concerned in any violation of subsection (a) may be forfeited to the United States.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President, if he shall find it compatible with the safety of the United States and with the successful prosecution of the war, may, by proclamation, suspend the provisions of this chapter so far as they apply to an ally of enemy, and he may revoke or renew such suspension from time to time; and the President may grant licenses, special or general, temporary or otherwise, and for such period of time and containing such provisions and conditions as he shall prescribe, to any person or class of persons to do business as provided in subsection (a) of [section 4304 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4304&num=0&edition=prelim), and to perform any act made unlawful without such license in [section 4303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4303&num=0&edition=prelim), and to file and prosecute applications under subsection (b) of [section 4310 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4310&num=0&edition=prelim); and he may revoke or renew such licenses from time to time, if he shall be of opinion that such grant or revocation or renewal shall be compatible with the safety of the United States and with the successful prosecution of the war; and he may make such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary and proper to carry out the provisions of this chapter; and the President may exercise any power or authority conferred by this chapter through such officer or officers as he shall direct.If the President shall have reasonable cause to believe that any act is about to be performed in violation of [section 4303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4305
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Transmission of list to alien property custodian; report of property held on behalf of enemy** Every corporation incorporated within the United States, and every unincorporated association, or company, or trustee, or trustees within the United States, issuing shares or certificates representing beneficial interests, shall, under such rules and regulations as the President may prescribe and, within sixty days after October 6, 1917, and at such other times thereafter as the President may require, transmit to the alien property custodian a full list, duly sworn to, of every officer, director, or stockholder known to be, or whom the representative of such corporation, association, company, or trustee has reasonable cause to believe to be an enemy or ally of enemy resident within the territory, or a subject or citizen residing outside of the United States, of any nation with which the United States is at war, or resident within the territory, or a subject or citizen residing outside of the United States, of any ally of any nation with which the United States is at war, together with the amount of stock or shares owned by each such officer, director, or stockholder, or in which he has any interest. The President may also require a similar list to be transmitted of all stock or shares owned on February third, nineteen hundred and seventeen, by any person now defined as an enemy or ally of enemy, or in which any such person had any interest; and he may also require a list to be transmitted of all cases in which said corporation, association, company, or trustee has reasonable cause to believe that the stock or shares on February third, nineteen hundred and seventeen, were owned or are owned by such enemy or ally of enemy, though standing on the books in the name of anothe
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4307
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1056
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 4303
at war, or any political or municipal subdivision
of such ally nation, or any officer, official,
agent, or agency thereof.
(c) Such other individuals, or body or class of
individuals, as may be natives, citizens, or sub-
jects of any nation which is an ally of a nation
with which the United States is at war, other
than citizens of the United States, wherever
resident or wherever doing business, as the
President, if he shall find the safety of the
United States or the successful prosecution of
the war shall so require, may, by proclamation,
include within the term ‘‘ally of enemy.’’
The word ‘‘person,’’ as used herein, shall be
deemed to mean an individual, partnership, as-
sociation, company, or other unincorporated
body of individuals, or corporation or body poli-
tic.
The words ‘‘United States,’’ as used herein,
shall be deemed to mean all land and water, con-
tinental or insular, in any way within the juris-
diction of the United States or occupied by the
military or naval forces thereof.
The words ‘‘the beginning of the war,’’ as used
herein, shall be deemed to mean midnight end-
ing the day on which Congress has declared or
shall declare war or the existence of a state of
war.
The words ‘‘end of the war,’’ as used herein,
shall be deemed to mean the date of proclama-
tion of exchange of ratifications of the treaty of
peace, unless the President shall, by proclama-
tion, declare a prior date, in which case the date
so proclaimed shall be deemed to be the ‘‘end of
the war’’ within the meaning of this chapter.
The words ‘‘bank or banks,’’ as used herein,
shall be deemed to mean and include national
banks, State banks, trust companies, or other
banks or banking associations doing business
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 4303
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