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49 U.S.C. § 42112 — Labor requirements of air carriers

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 42112 — Labor requirements of air carriers

**(a) Definitions.—** In this section— (1) “copilot” means an employee whose duties include assisting or relieving the pilot in manipulating an aircraft and who is qualified to serve as, and has in effect an airman certificate authorizing the employee to serve as, a copilot. (2) “pilot” means an employee who is— (A) responsible for manipulating or who manipulates the flight controls of an aircraft when under way, including the landing and takeoff of an aircraft; and (B) qualified to serve as, and has in effect an airman certificate authorizing the employee to serve as, a pilot. **(b) Duties of Air Carriers.—** An air carrier shall— (1) maintain rates of compensation, maximum hours, and other working conditions and relations for its pilots and copilots who are providing interstate air transportation in the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia to conform with decision number 83, May 10, 1934, National Labor Board, notwithstanding any limitation in that decision on the period of its effectiveness; (2) maintain rates of compensation for its pilots and copilots who are providing foreign air transportation or air transportation only in one territory or possession of the United States; and (3) comply with title II of the Railway Labor Act ([45 U.S.C. 181](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section181&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) as long as it holds its certificate. **(c) Minimum Annual Rate of Compensation.—** A minimum annual rate under subsection (b)(2) of this section may not be less than the annual rate required to be paid for comparable service to a pilot or copilot under subsection (b)(1) of this section. **(d) Collective Bargaining.—** This section does not prevent pilots or copilots of an air carrier from o

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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 421, § 42112; chapter-421-labor-management-provisions.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

45 U.S.C. § 181 — Application of subchapter I to carriers by air

All of the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter except [section 153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section153&num=0&edition=prelim) are extended to and shall cover every common carrier by air engaged in interstate or foreign commerce, and every carrier by air transporting mail for or under contract with the United States Government, and every air pilot or other person who performs any work as an employee or subordinate official of such carrier or carriers, subject to its or their continuing authority to supervise and direct the manner of rendition of his service.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

11 U.S.C. § 101 — Definitions

In this title the following definitions shall apply: (1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized. (2) The term “affiliate” means— (A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or (D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement. (3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

45 U.S.C. § 151 — Definitions; short title

When used in this chapter and for the purposes of this chapter—

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 40109 — Authority to exempt

**(a) Air Carriers and Foreign Air Carriers Not Engaged Directly in Operating Aircraft.—** (1) The Secretary of Transportation may exempt from subpart II of this part— (A) an air carrier not engaged directly in operating aircraft in air transportation; or (B) a foreign air carrier not engaged directly in operating aircraft in foreign air transportation. (2) The exemption is effective to the extent and for periods that the Secretary decides are in the public interest. **(b) Safety Regulation.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may grant an exemption from a regulation prescribed in carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 40103(b) when the Administrator decides the exemption is in the public interest. **(c) Other Economic Regulation.—** Except as provided in this section, the Secretary may exempt to the extent the Secretary considers necessary a person or class of persons from a provision of chapter 411, chapter 413 (except sections 41307 and 41310(b)–(f)), chapter 415 (except sections 41502, 41505, and 41507–41509), chapter 417 (except sections 41703, 41704, 41710, 41713, and 41714), chapter 419, subchapter II of chapter 421, and sections 44909(a), 44909(b), and 46301(b) of this title, or a regulation or term prescribed under any of those provisions, when the Secretary decides that the exemption is consistent with the public interest. **(d) Labor Requirements.—** The Secretary may not exempt an air carrier from [section 42112 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section42112&num=0&edition=prelim). However, the Secretary may exempt from section 42112(b)(1) and (2) an air carrier not providing scheduled air transportation, and the operations conducted during daylight hours by an air ca

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

45 U.S.C. § 181 — Application of subchapter I to carriers by

Page 27 TITLE 45—RAILROADS § 185 Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation of the Sen- ate, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 15, as added Pub. L. 112–95, title X, § 1004, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 147.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries BIANNUAL GAO AUDIT Pub. L. 118–63, title II, § 218(o), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1057, provided that: ‘‘Any provision of the FAA Mod- ernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95) [see Short Title of 2012 Amendment note set out under section 40101 of Title 49, Transportation], including any amendment made by such Act, that requires the Comp- troller General [of the United States] to conduct an audit (including a recurring audit) shall have no force or effect.’’ SUBCHAPTER II—CARRIERS BY AIR § 181. Application of subchapter I to carriers by air All of the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter except section 153 of this title are ex- tended to and shall cover every common carrier by air engaged in interstate or foreign com- merce, and every carrier by air transporting mail for or under contract with the United States Government, and every air pilot or other person who performs any work as an employee or subordinate official of such carrier or car- riers, subject to its or their continuing author- ity to supervise and direct the manner of ren- dition of his service. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 201, as added Apr. 10, 1936, ch. 166, 49 Stat. 1189.) § 182. Duties, penalties, benefits, and privileges of subchapter I applicable The duties, requirements, penalties, benefits, and privileges prescribed and established by the provisions of subchapter I of this

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 42112 — Labor requirements of air carriers

Page 1205 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 42112 1 Subchapter I repealed by Pub. L. 105–220 without cor- responding amendment of chapter analysis. [§ 41912. Renumbered § 41908] CHAPTER 421—LABOR-MANAGEMENT PROVISIONS SUBCHAPTER I—EMPLOYEE PROTECTION PROGRAM 1 Sec. 42101. Definitions. 42102. Payments to eligible protected employees. 42103. Duty to hire protected employees. 42104. Congressional review of regulations. 42105. Airline Employees Protective Account. 42106. Ending effective date. SUBCHAPTER II—MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS AND LABOR REQUIREMENTS OF AIR CARRIERS 42111. Mutual aid agreements. 42112. Labor requirements of air carriers. SUBCHAPTER III—WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION PROGRAM 42121. Protection of employees providing air safety information. AMENDMENTS 2000—Pub. L. 106–181, title V, § 519(b), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 149, added heading for subchapter III and item 42121. [SUBCHAPTER I—REPEALED] [§§ 42101 to 42106. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, § 199(a)(6), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059] Section 42101, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1157, defined terms in subchapter. Section 42102, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1158, related to payments to eligible protected employees. Section 42103, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1159, related to duty to hire protected employees. Section 42104, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1159; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389, related to congressional review of regulations. Section 42105, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1160, related to Airline Employees Protective Ac- count. Section 42106, Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1160, provided ending effective date for sub- chapter. SUB

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