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49 U.S.C. § 31501 — Definitions

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 31501 — Definitions

In this chapter— (1) “migrant worker” means an individual going to or from employment in agriculture as provided under section 3121(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ([26 U.S.C. 3121(g)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section3121/g&num=0&edition=prelim)) or section 3(f) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ([29 U.S.C. 203(f)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section203/f&num=0&edition=prelim)). (2) “motor carrier”, “motor common carrier”, “motor private carrier”, “motor vehicle”, and “United States” have the same meanings given those terms in [section 13102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section13102&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) “motor carrier of migrant workers”— (A) means a person (except a motor common carrier) providing transportation referred to in [section 13501 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section13501&num=0&edition=prelim) by a motor vehicle (except a passenger automobile or station wagon) for at least 3 migrant workers at a time to or from their employment; but (B) does not include a migrant worker providing transportation for migrant workers and their immediate families.

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-49/section-31501-definitions--e11cd0f7f6.md
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 315, § 31501; chapter-315-motor-carrier-safety.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 13501 — General jurisdiction

The Secretary and the Board have jurisdiction, as specified in this part, over transportation by motor carrier and the procurement of that transportation, to the extent that passengers, property, or both, are transported by motor carrier— (1) between a place in— (A) a State and a place in another State; (B) a State and another place in the same State through another State; (C) the United States and a place in a territory or possession of the United States to the extent the transportation is in the United States; (D) the United States and another place in the United States through a foreign country to the extent the transportation is in the United States; or (E) the United States and a place in a foreign country to the extent the transportation is in the United States; and (2) in a reservation under the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States or on a public highway.

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49 U.S.C. § 1301 — Establishment of Board

**(a) Establishment.—** The Surface Transportation Board is an independent establishment of the United States Government. **(b) Membership.—** (1) The Board shall consist of 5 members, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Not more than 3 members may be appointed from the same political party. (2) At all times— (A) at least 3 members of the Board shall be individuals with professional standing and demonstrated knowledge in the fields of transportation, transportation regulation, or economic regulation; and (B) at least 2 members shall be individuals with professional or business experience (including agriculture) in the private sector. (3) The term of each member of the Board shall be 5 years and shall begin when the term of the predecessor of that member ends. An individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the predecessor of that individual was appointed, shall be appointed for the remainder of that term. When the term of office of a member ends, the member may continue to serve until a successor is appointed and qualified, but for a period not to exceed one year. The President may remove a member for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. (4) No individual may serve as a member of the Board for more than 2 terms. In the case of an individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the predecessor of that individual was appointed, such individual may not be appointed for more than one additional term. (5) A member of the Board may not have a pecuniary interest in, hold an official relation to, or own stock in or bonds of, a carrier providing transportation by any mode and may not engage in another busines

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49 U.S.C. § 13102 — Definitions

In this part, the following definitions shall apply: (1) **Board.—** — The term “Board” means the Surface Transportation Board. (2) **Broker.—** — The term “broker” means a person, other than a motor carrier or an employee or agent of a motor carrier, that as a principal or agent sells, offers for sale, negotiates for, or holds itself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as selling, providing, or arranging for, transportation by motor carrier for compensation. (3) **Carrier.—** — The term “carrier” means a motor carrier, a water carrier, and a freight forwarder. (4) **Contract carriage.—** — The term “contract carriage” means— (A) for transportation provided before January 1, 1996, service provided pursuant to a permit issued under section 10923, as in effect on December 31, 1995; and (B) for transportation provided after December 31, 1995, service provided under an agreement entered into under section 14101(b). (5) **Control.—** — The term “control”, when referring to a relationship between persons, includes actual control, legal control, and the power to exercise control, through or by— (A) common directors, officers, stockholders, a voting trust, or a holding or investment company, or (B) any other means. (6) **Foreign motor carrier.—** — The term “foreign motor carrier” means a person (including a motor carrier of property but excluding a motor private carrier)— (A) (i) that is domiciled in a contiguous foreign country; or (ii) that is owned or controlled by persons of a contiguous foreign country; and (B) in the case of a person that is not a motor carrier of property, that provides interstate transportation of property by motor vehicle under an agreement or contract entered into with a motor carrier of property (other

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49 U.S.C. § 31136 — United States Government regulations

**(a) Minimum Safety Standards.—** Subject to [section 30103(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section30103/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations on commercial motor vehicle safety. The regulations shall prescribe minimum safety standards for commercial motor vehicles. At a minimum, the regulations shall ensure that— (1) commercial motor vehicles are maintained, equipped, loaded, and operated safely; (2) the responsibilities imposed on operators of commercial motor vehicles do not impair their ability to operate the vehicles safely; (3) the physical condition of operators of commercial motor vehicles is adequate to enable them to operate the vehicles safely and the periodic physical examinations required of such operators are performed by medical examiners who have received training in physical and medical examination standards and, after the national registry maintained by the Department of Transportation under section 31149(d) is established, are listed on such registry; (4) the operation of commercial motor vehicles does not have a deleterious effect on the physical condition of the operators; and (5) an operator of a commercial motor vehicle is not coerced by a motor carrier, shipper, receiver, or transportation intermediary to operate a commercial motor vehicle in violation of a regulation promulgated under this section, or chapter 51 or chapter 313 of this title. **(b) Eliminating and Amending Existing Regulations.—** The Secretary may not eliminate or amend an existing motor carrier safety regulation related only to the maintenance, equipment, loading, or operation (including routing) of vehicles carrying material found to be hazardous under [section 5103 of

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49 U.S.C. § 321 — Definitions

In this subchapter, “aeronautics”, “air commerce”, and “air navigation facility” have the same meanings given those terms in [section 40102(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section40102/a&num=0&edition=prelim).

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49 U.S.C. § 501 — Definitions and application

**(a)** In this chapter— (1) the definitions in sections 10102 and 13102 of this title apply. (2) “migrant worker” has the same meaning given that term in [section 31501 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section31501&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) “motor carrier of migrant workers” means a motor carrier of migrant workers subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation under [section 31502(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section31502/c&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Application.—** This chapter only applies in carrying out sections 20302(a)(1)(B) and (C), (2), and (3), (c), and (d)(1) and 20303 and chapters 205 (except section 20504(b)), 211, 213 (in carrying out those sections and chapters), and 315 of this title.

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26 U.S.C. § 3121 — Definitions

**(a) Wages** For purposes of this chapter, the term “wages” means all remuneration for employment, including the cash value of all remuneration (including benefits) paid in any medium other than cash; except that such term shall not include— (1) in the case of the taxes imposed by sections 3101(a) and 3111(a) that part of the remuneration which, after remuneration (other than remuneration referred to in the succeeding paragraphs of this subsection) equal to the contribution and benefit base (as determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act) with respect to employment has been paid to an individual by an employer during the calendar year with respect to which such contribution and benefit base is effective, is paid to such individual by such employer during such calendar year. If an employer (hereinafter referred to as successor employer) during any calendar year acquires substantially all the property used in a trade or business of another employer (hereinafter referred to as a predecessor), or used in a separate unit of a trade or business of a predecessor, and immediately after the acquisition employs in his trade or business an individual who immediately prior to the acquisition was employed in the trade or business of such predecessor, then, for the purpose of determining whether the successor employer has paid remuneration (other than remuneration referred to in the succeeding paragraphs of this subsection) with respect to employment equal to the contribution and benefit base (as determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act) to such individual during such calendar year, any remuneration (other than remuneration referred to in the succeeding paragraphs of this subsection) with respect to employment paid (or considered under this paragraph as h

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26 U.S.C. § 3121 — Definitions

Page 2693 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 3121 Sec. 3128. Short title. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1988—Pub. L. 100–647, title VIII, § 8007(a)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3782, added item 3127 and redesignated former item 3127 as 3128. 1986—Pub. L. 99–509, title IX, § 9002(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1971, added item 3126 and redesignated former item 3126 as 3127. Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13205(a)(2)(A)(iii), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 315, inserted ‘‘States,’’ in item 3125. 1965—Pub. L. 89–97, title III, § 317(c)(3), July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 389, inserted reference to the District of Columbia in item 3125. 1960—Pub. L. 86–778, title I, § 103(q)(2), Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 940, added item 3125 and redesignated former item 3125 as 3126. § 3121. Definitions (a) Wages For purposes of this chapter, the term ‘‘wages’’ means all remuneration for employ- ment, including the cash value of all remunera- tion (including benefits) paid in any medium other than cash; except that such term shall not include— (1) in the case of the taxes imposed by sec- tions 3101(a) and 3111(a) that part of the remu- neration which, after remuneration (other than remuneration referred to in the suc- ceeding paragraphs of this subsection) equal to the contribution and benefit base (as deter- mined under section 230 of the Social Security Act) with respect to employment has been paid to an individual by an employer during the calendar year with respect to which such contribution and benefit base is effective, is paid to such individual by such employer dur- ing such calendar year. If an employer (herein- after referred to as successor employer) during any calendar year acquires substantially all the property used in a trade or business of an- other employer (here

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29 U.S.C. § 203 — Definitions

As used in this chapter— **(a)** “Person” means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business trust, legal representative, or any organized group of persons. **(b)** “Commerce” means trade, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any place outside thereof. **(c)** “State” means any State of the United States or the District of Columbia or any Territory or possession of the United States. **(d)** “Employer” includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee and includes a public agency, but does not include any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer) or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization. **(e)** (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), the term “employee” means any individual employed by an employer. (2) In the case of an individual employed by a public agency, such term means— (A) any individual employed by the Government of the United States— (i) as a civilian in the military departments (as defined in [section 102 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section102&num=0&edition=prelim)), (ii) in any executive agency (as defined in section 105 of such title), (iii) in any unit of the judicial branch of the Government which has positions in the competitive service, (iv) in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces, (v) in the Library of Congress, or (vi) the 11 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “in”. Government Publishing Office; (B) any individual employed by the United States Postal Service or the Postal Regulatory Commi

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29 U.S.C. § 203 — Definitions

Page 63 TITLE 29—LABOR § 203 1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by ‘‘in’’. § 202. Congressional finding and declaration of policy (a) The Congress finds that the existence, in industries engaged in commerce or in the pro- duction of goods for commerce, of labor condi- tions detrimental to the maintenance of the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well-being of workers (1) causes commerce and the channels and instrumentalities of commerce to be used to spread and perpetuate such labor conditions among the workers of the several States; (2) bur- dens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce; (3) constitutes an unfair method of competition in commerce; (4) leads to labor dis- putes burdening and obstructing commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce; and (5) interferes with the orderly and fair marketing of goods in commerce. That Congress further finds that the employment of persons in domestic service in households affects commerce. (b) It is declared to be the policy of this chap- ter, through the exercise by Congress of its power to regulate commerce among the several States and with foreign nations, to correct and as rapidly as practicable to eliminate the condi- tions above referred to in such industries with- out substantially curtailing employment or earning power. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 2, 52 Stat. 1060; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 2, 63 Stat. 910; Pub. L. 93–259, § 7(a), Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 62.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–259 inserted finding of Congress that employment of persons in domestic serv- ice in households affects commerce. 1949—Subsec. (b). Act Oct. 26, 1949, inserted reference to regulation of commerce with foreign nations. Statut

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