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2 U.S.C. § 1609 — Identification of clients and covered officials
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Oral lobbying contacts** Any person or entity that makes an oral lobbying contact with a covered legislative branch official or a covered executive branch official shall, on the request of the official at the time of the lobbying contact—
(1) state whether the person or entity is registered under this chapter and identify the client on whose behalf the lobbying contact is made; and
(2) state whether such client is a foreign entity and identify any foreign entity required to be disclosed under [section 1603(b)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603/b/4&num=0&edition=prelim) that has a direct interest in the outcome of the lobbying activity.
**(b) Written lobbying contacts** Any person or entity registered under this chapter that makes a written lobbying contact (including an electronic communication) with a covered legislative branch official or a covered executive branch official shall—
(1) if the client on whose behalf the lobbying contact was made is a foreign entity, identify such client, state that the client is considered a foreign entity under this chapter, and state whether the person making the lobbying contact is registered on behalf of that client under [section 1603 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) identify any other foreign entity identified pursuant to [section 1603(b)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603/b/4&num=0&edition=prelim) that has a direct interest in the outcome of the lobbying activity.
**(c) Identification as covered official** Upon request by a person or entity making a lobbying contact, the individual who is contacted or t
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-2/section-1609-identification-of-clients-and-covered-officials--1d82bcdb3a.md
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Source location: Title 2, Chapter 26, § 1609; chapter-026-disclosure-of-lobbying-activities.md
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**(a) Oral lobbying contacts** Any person or entity that makes an oral lobbying contact with a covered legislative branch official or a covered executive branch official shall, on the request of the official at the time of the lobbying contact—
(1) state whether the person or entity is registered under this chapter and identify the client on whose behalf the lobbying contact is made; and
(2) state whether such client is a foreign entity and identify any foreign entity required to be disclosed under [section 1603(b)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603/b/4&num=0&edition=prelim) that has a direct interest in the outcome of the lobbying activity.
**(b) Written lobbying contacts** Any person or entity registered under this chapter that makes a written lobbying contact (including an electronic communication) with a covered legislative branch official or a covered executive branch official shall—
(1) if the client on whose behalf the lobbying contact was made is a foreign entity, identify such client, state that the client is considered a foreign entity under this chapter, and state whether the person making the lobbying contact is registered on behalf of that client under [section 1603 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) identify any other foreign entity identified pursuant to [section 1603(b)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1603/b/4&num=0&edition=prelim) that has a direct interest in the outcome of the lobbying activity.
**(c) Identification as covered official** Upon request by a person or entity making a lobbying contact, the individual who is contacted or the office employing that individual shall indicate whether or not the individual is a covered legislative branch official or a covered executive branch official.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Registration**
(1) **General rule** — No later than 45 days after a lobbyist first makes a lobbying contact or is employed or retained to make a lobbying contact, whichever is earlier, or on the first business day after such 45th day if the 45th day is not a business day, such lobbyist (or, as provided under paragraph (2), the organization employing such lobbyist), shall register with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Employer filing** — Any organization that has 1 or more employees who are lobbyists shall file a single registration under this section on behalf of such employees for each client on whose behalf the employees act as lobbyists.
(3) **Exemption**
(A) *General rule* — Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), a person or entity whose—
(i) total income for matters related to lobbying activities on behalf of a particular client (in the case of a lobbying firm) does not exceed and is not expected to exceed $2,500; or
(ii) total expenses in connection with lobbying activities (in the case of an organization whose employees engage in lobbying activities on its own behalf) do not exceed or are not expected to exceed $10,000,(as estimated under [section 1604 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1604&num=0&edition=prelim)) in the quarterly period described in [section 1604(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1604/a&num=0&edition=prelim) during which the registration would be made is not required to register under this subsection with respect to such client.
(B) *Adjustment* — The dollar amounts in subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted—
(i) on January 1, 1997, to reflect changes in the Co
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) responsible representative Government requires public awareness of the efforts of paid lobbyists to influence the public decisionmaking process in both the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government;
(2) existing lobbying disclosure statutes have been ineffective because of unclear statutory language, weak administrative and enforcement provisions, and an absence of clear guidance as to who is required to register and what they are required to disclose; and
(3) the effective public disclosure of the identity and extent of the efforts of paid lobbyists to influence Federal officials in the conduct of Government actions will increase public confidence in the integrity of Government.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 371
TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS
§ 1609
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’ meaning Pub. L. 104–65, Dec. 19, 1995, 109
Stat. 691, known as the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.
For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title note set out under section 1601 of this title
and Tables.
AMENDMENTS
2007—Pub. L. 110–81 designated existing provisions as
subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted ‘‘$200,000’’ for
‘‘$50,000’’ in concluding provisions, and added subsec.
(b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 110–81, title II, § 211(b), Sept. 14, 2007, 121 Stat.
749, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sub-
section (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any
violation committed on or after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act [Sept. 14, 2007].’’
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 24 of Pub. L.
104–65, set out as a note under section 1601 of this title.
§ 1607. Rules of construction
(a) Constitutional rights
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
prohibit or interfere with—
(1) the right to petition the Government for
the redress of grievances;
(2) the right to express a personal opinion; or
(3) the right of association,
protected by the first amendment to the Con-
stitution.
(b) Prohibition of activities
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
prohibit, or to authorize any court to prohibit,
lobbying activities or lobbying contacts by any
person or entity, regardless of whether such per-
son or entity is in compliance with the require-
ments of this chapter.
(c) Audit and investigations
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
grant general audit or investigative autho
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 2 U.S.C. § 1609
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