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34 U.S.C. § 11291 — Findings
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) each year tens of thousands of children run away, or are abducted or removed, from the control of a parent having legal custody without the consent of that parent, under circumstances which immediately place the child in grave danger;
(2) many missing children are at great risk of both physical harm and sexual exploitation;
(3) many missing children are runaways;
(4) growing numbers of children are the victims of child sexual exploitation, including child sex trafficking and sextortion, increasingly involving the use of new technology to access the Internet;
(5) children may be separated from their parents or legal guardians as a result of national disasters such as hurricanes and floods;
(6) sex offenders pose a threat to children; and
(7) the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention administers programs under this subchapter, including programs that prevent and address offenses committed against vulnerable children and support missing children’s organizations, including the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children that—
(A) serves as a nonprofit, national resource center and clearinghouse to provide assistance to victims, families, child-serving professionals, and the general public;
(B) works with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Marshals Service, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of State, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the United States Secret Service, the United States Postal Inspection Service, other agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in the effort to find missing children and to prevent child victimization; and
(C) coordinates with each of the missing children clearinghouses operated by the 50 States, the District
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11291
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_357fb92b030c22389ba2e850
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-34/section-11291-findings--79571263f6.md
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Source location: Title 34, Chapter 111, § 11291; chapter-111-juvenile-justice-and-delinquency-prevention.md
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The Congress finds that—
(1) each year tens of thousands of children run away, or are abducted or removed, from the control of a parent having legal custody without the consent of that parent, under circumstances which immediately place the child in grave danger;
(2) many missing children are at great risk of both physical harm and sexual exploitation;
(3) many missing children are runaways;
(4) growing numbers of children are the victims of child sexual exploitation, including child sex trafficking and sextortion, increasingly involving the use of new technology to access the Internet;
(5) children may be separated from their parents or legal guardians as a result of national disasters such as hurricanes and floods;
(6) sex offenders pose a threat to children; and
(7) the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention administers programs under this subchapter, including programs that prevent and address offenses committed against vulnerable children and support missing children’s organizations, including the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children that—
(A) serves as a nonprofit, national resource center and clearinghouse to provide assistance to victims, families, child-serving professionals, and the general public;
(B) works with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Marshals Service, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of State, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the United States Secret Service, the United States Postal Inspection Service, other agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in the effort to find missing children and to prevent child victimization; and
(C) coordinates with each of the missing children clearinghouses operated by the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and international organizations to transmit images and information regarding missing and exploited children to law enforcement agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and corporate partners across the United States and around the world instantly.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress finds the following:
(1) Although the juvenile violent crime arrest rate in 1999 was the lowest in the decade, there remains a consensus that the number of crimes and the rate of offending by juveniles nationwide is still too high.
(2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, allowing 1 youth to leave school for a life of crime and of drug abuse costs society $1,700,000 to $2,300,000 annually.
(3) One in every 6 individuals (16.2 percent) arrested for committing violent crime in 1999 was less than 18 years of age. In 1999, juveniles accounted for 9 percent of murder arrests, 17 percent of forcible rape arrests, 25 percent of robbery arrest, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, and 24 percent of weapons arrests.
(4) More than ½ of juvenile murder victims are killed with firearms. Of the nearly 1,800 murder victims less than 18 years of age, 17 percent of the victims less than 13 years of age were murdered with a firearm, and 81 percent of the victims 13 years of age or older were killed with a firearm.
(5) Juveniles accounted for 13 percent of all drug abuse violation arrests in 1999. Between 1990 and 1999, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations rose 132 percent.
(6) Over the last 3 decades, youth gang problems have increased nationwide. In the 1970’s, 19 States reported youth gang problems. By the late 1990’s, all 50 States and the District of Columbia reported gang problems. For the same period, the number of cities reporting youth gang problems grew 843 percent, and the number of counties reporting gang problems increased more than 1,000 percent.
(7) According to a national crime survey of individuals 12 years of age or older during 1999, those 12 to 19 years old are victims of violent crime at higher
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Appropriations for this subchapter have not been authorized for fiscal years after 1975.
Section 3881, Pub. L. 90–445, title IV, § 401, as added Pub. L. 92–381, § 1, Aug. 14, 1972, 86 Stat. 535, related to payment procedures for grants and contracts under this chapter.
A prior section 3881, Pub. L. 90–445, title VI, § 401, July 31, 1968, 82 Stat. 471, related to similar subject matter, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 90–445 by section 1 of Pub. L. 92–381.
Section 3882, Pub. L. 90–445, title IV, § 402, as added Pub. L. 92–381, § 1, Aug. 14, 1972, 86 Stat. 536; amended Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, § 404, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1133, authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1973 to 1975.
A prior section 3882, Pub. L. 90–445, title IV, § 402, July 31, 1968, 82 Stat. 471, as amended by Pub. L. 92–31, § 3, June 30, 1971, 85 Stat. 84, related to similar subject matter, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 90–445 by section 1 of Pub. L. 92–381.
Title IV of Pub. L. 93–415 was repealed by Pub. L. 95–115, § 10, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1061, and Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, § 12221(a)(4), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894.
Section 3883, Pub. L. 90–445, title IV, § 403, as added Pub. L. 92–381, § 1, Aug. 14, 1972, 86 Stat. 536; amended Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, § 403, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1133, related to amounts available to each State pursuant to grants and contracts under this chapter.
A prior section 3883, Pub. L. 90–445, title IV, § 403, July 31, 1968, 82 Stat. 471, related to similar subject matter, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 90–445 by section 1 of Pub. L. 92–381.
Title IV of Pub. L. 93–415 was repealed by Pub. L. 95–115, § 10, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1061, and Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, § 1
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 3889
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 5771 was editorially reclassified as [section 11291 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section11291&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5771
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the “Office”) shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Assistant Attorney General”) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Required reporting** As a condition of receiving funds under [section 11293(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section11293/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the grant recipient shall, based solely on reports received by the grantee and not involving any data collection by the grantee other than those reports, annually provide to the Administrator and make available to the general public, as appropriate—
(1) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing;
(2) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as victims of non-family abductions;
(3) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as victims of family abductions;
(4) the number of missing children recovered nationwide whose recovery was reported to the grantee;
(5) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care;
(6) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care whose recovery was reported to the grantee; and
(7) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care and are likely victims of child sex trafficking.
**(b) Incidence of attempted child abductions** As a condition of receiving funds under [section 11293(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section11293/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the grant recipient shall—
(1) track the incidence of attempted child abductions in order to identify links and patterns;
(2) provide such information to law enforcement agencies; and
(3) make such information available to the general public, as appropriate.
**(c) Criteria for forensic partn
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11295a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this subchapter—
(1) the term “missing child” means any individual less than 18 years of age whose whereabouts are unknown to such individual’s parent;
(2) the term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention;
(3) the term “Center” means the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children;
(4) the term “parent” includes a legal guardian or other individual who may lawfully exercise parental rights with respect to the child; and
(5) the term “child sexual abuse material” has the meaning given the term “child pornography” in [section 2256 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11292
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Description of activities** The Administrator shall—
(1) issue such rules as the Administrator considers necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter;
(2) make such arrangements as may be necessary and appropriate to facilitate effective coordination among all federally funded programs relating to missing children (including the preparation of an annual comprehensive plan for facilitating such coordination);
(3) provide for the furnishing of information derived from the national toll-free hotline, established under subsection (b)(1), to appropriate entities;
(4) coordinate with the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness to ensure that homeless services professionals are aware of educational resources and assistance provided by the Center regarding child sexual exploitation;
(5) provide adequate staff and agency resources which are necessary to properly carry out the responsibilities pursuant to this subchapter; and
(6) not later than 180 days after the end of each fiscal year, submit a report to the President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, the President pro tempore of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate—
(A) containing a comprehensive plan for facilitating cooperation and coordination in the succeeding fiscal year among all agencies and organizations with responsibilities related to missing children;
(B) identifying and summarizing effective models of Federal, State, and local coordination and cooperation in locating and recovering missing children;
(C) identifying and summarizing effective program models that provide treatment, counseling, or other aid to parents of missing children or to children who have been the v
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11293
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority of Administrator; description of research, demonstration projects, and service programs** The Administrator is authorized to make grants to and enter into contracts with the Center and with public agencies or nonprofit private organizations, or combinations thereof, for research, demonstration projects, or service programs designed—
(1) to educate parents, children, schools, school leaders, teachers, State and local educational agencies, homeless shelters and service providers, and community agencies and organizations in ways to prevent the abduction and sexual exploitation of children;
(2) to provide information to assist in the locating and return of missing children;
(3) to aid communities and schools in the collection of materials which would be useful to parents in assisting others in the identification of missing children;
(4) to increase knowledge of and develop effective treatment pertaining to the psychological consequences, on both parents and children, of—
(A) the abduction of a child, both during the period of disappearance and after the child is recovered; and
(B) the sexual exploitation of a missing child;
(5) to collect detailed data from selected States or localities on the actual investigative practices utilized by law enforcement agencies in missing children’s cases;
(6) to address the particular needs of missing children by minimizing the negative impact of judicial and law enforcement procedures on children who are victims of abuse or sexual exploitation and by promoting the active participation of children and their families in cases involving abuse or sexual exploitation of children;
(7) to address the needs of missing children and their families following the recovery of such children;
(8) to reduce the likelihood tha
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11294
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
All grants awarded by the Department of Justice that are authorized under this subchapter shall be subject to the following:
(1) **Audit requirement** — For 2 of the fiscal years in the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2023, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall conduct audits of the recipient of grants under this subchapter to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse by the grantee.
(2) **Mandatory exclusion** — If the recipient of grant funds under this subchapter is found to have an unresolved audit finding, then that entity shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this subchapter during the 2 fiscal years beginning after the 12-month period described in paragraph (4).
(3) **Repayment of grant funds** — If an entity is awarded grant funds under this subchapter during the 2-fiscal-year period in which the entity is barred from receiving grants under paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall—
(A) deposit an amount equal to the grant funds that were improperly awarded to the grantee into the General Fund of the Treasury; and
(B) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the fund from the grant recipient that was erroneously awarded grant funds.
(4) **Defined term** — In this section, the term “unresolved audit finding” means an audit report finding in the final report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within a 12-month period beginning on the date when the final audit report is issued.
(5) **Nonprofit organization requirements**
(A) *Definition* — For purposes of this section and the grant programs described in this subchapter, the term “nonprofit”, relating to an entity, means
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11296
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** To carry out the provisions of this subchapter, there are authorized to be appropriated $49,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, up to $41,500,000 of which shall be used to carry out [section 11293(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section11293/b&num=0&edition=prelim) for each such fiscal year.
**(b) Evaluation** The Administrator may use not more than 5 percent of the amount appropriated for a fiscal year under subsection (a) to conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness of the programs and activities established and operated under this subchapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11297
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