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18 U.S.C. § 1593 — Mandatory restitution
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Notwithstanding section 3663 or 3663A, and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalties authorized by law, the court shall order restitution for any offense under this chapter.
**(b)**
(1) The order of restitution under this section shall direct the defendant to pay the victim (through the appropriate court mechanism) the full amount of the victim’s losses, as determined by the court under paragraph (3) of this subsection.
(2) An order of restitution under this section shall be issued and enforced in accordance with section 3664 in the same manner as an order under section 3663A.
(3) As used in this subsection, the term “full amount of the victim’s losses” has the same meaning as provided in section 2259(c)(2) and shall in addition include the greater of the gross income or value to the defendant of the victim’s services or labor or the value of the victim’s labor as guaranteed under the minimum wage and overtime guarantees of the Fair Labor Standards Act ([29 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(4) The forfeiture of property under this subsection shall be governed by the provisions of section 413 (other than subsection (d) of such section) of the Controlled Substances Act ([21 U.S.C. 853](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section853&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(c)** As used in this section, the term “victim” means the individual harmed as a result of a crime under this chapter, including, in the case of a victim who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the victim or a representative of the victim’s estate, or another family member, or any other person appointed as suitable by t
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 77, § 1593; chapter-077-peonage-slavery-and-trafficking-in-persons.md
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**(a)** Notwithstanding section 3663 or 3663A, and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalties authorized by law, the court shall order restitution for any offense under this chapter.
**(b)**
(1) The order of restitution under this section shall direct the defendant to pay the victim (through the appropriate court mechanism) the full amount of the victim’s losses, as determined by the court under paragraph (3) of this subsection.
(2) An order of restitution under this section shall be issued and enforced in accordance with section 3664 in the same manner as an order under section 3663A.
(3) As used in this subsection, the term “full amount of the victim’s losses” has the same meaning as provided in section 2259(c)(2) and shall in addition include the greater of the gross income or value to the defendant of the victim’s services or labor or the value of the victim’s labor as guaranteed under the minimum wage and overtime guarantees of the Fair Labor Standards Act ([29 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(4) The forfeiture of property under this subsection shall be governed by the provisions of section 413 (other than subsection (d) of such section) of the Controlled Substances Act ([21 U.S.C. 853](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section853&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(c)** As used in this section, the term “victim” means the individual harmed as a result of a crime under this chapter, including, in the case of a victim who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian of the victim or a representative of the victim’s estate, or another family member, or any other person appointed as suitable by the court, but in no event shall the defendant be named such representative or guardian.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Property subject to criminal forfeiture** Any person convicted of a violation of this subchapter or subchapter II punishable by imprisonment for more than one year shall forfeit to the United States, irrespective of any provision of State law—
(1) any property constituting, or derived from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, as the result of such violation;
(2) any of the person’s property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, such violation; and
(3) in the case of a person convicted of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise in violation of [section 848 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section848&num=0&edition=prelim), the person shall forfeit, in addition to any property described in paragraph (1) or (2), any of his interest in, claims against, and property or contractual rights affording a source of control over, the continuing criminal enterprise.
The court, in imposing sentence on such person, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed pursuant to this subchapter or subchapter II, that the person forfeit to the United States all property described in this subsection. In lieu of a fine otherwise authorized by this part, a defendant who derives profits or other proceeds from an offense may be fined not more than twice the gross profits or other proceeds.
**(b) Meaning of term “property”** Property subject to criminal forfeiture under this section includes—
(1) real property, including things growing on, affixed to, and found in land; and
(2) tangible and intangible personal property, including rights, privileges, interests, claims, and securities.
**(c) Third party transfers** All right, title, and inter
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938”.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Combat Human Trafficking Act of 2015”.
**(b) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Commercial sex act; severe forms of trafficking in persons; state; task force** — The terms “commercial sex act”, “severe forms of trafficking in persons”, “State”, and “Task Force” have the meanings given those terms in [section 7102 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Covered offender** — The term “covered offender” means an individual who obtains, patronizes, or solicits a commercial sex act involving a person subject to severe forms of trafficking in persons.
(3) **Covered offense** — The term “covered offense” means the provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a commercial sex act involving a person subject to severe forms of trafficking in persons.
(4) **Federal law enforcement officer** — The term “Federal law enforcement officer” has the meaning given the term in [section 115 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section115&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Local law enforcement officer** — The term “local law enforcement officer” means any officer, agent, or employee of a unit of local government authorized by law or by a local government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of criminal law.
(6) **State law enforcement officer** — The term “State law enforcement officer” means any officer, agent, or employee of a State authorized by law or by a State government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of criminal law.
**(c) Department of Justice traini
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Attorney General shall implement and maintain a National Strategy for Combating Human Trafficking (referred to in this section as the “National Strategy”) in accordance with this section.
**(b) Required contents of National Strategy** The National Strategy shall include the following:
(1) Integrated Federal, State, local, and tribal efforts to investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases, including—
(A) the development by each United States attorney, in consultation with State, local, and tribal government agencies, of a district-specific strategic plan to coordinate the identification of victims and the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking crimes;
(B) the participation in any Federal, State, local, or tribal human trafficking task force operating in the district of the United States attorney; and
(C) any other efforts intended to enhance the level of coordination and cooperation, as determined by the Attorney General.
(2) Case coordination within the Department of Justice, including specific integration, coordination, and collaboration, as appropriate, on human trafficking investigations between and among the United States attorneys, the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(3) Annual budget priorities and Federal efforts dedicated to preventing and combating human trafficking, including resources dedicated to the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and all other entities that receive Federal support that have a goal or mission to combat the exploitation of adults and children.
(4) An ongoing assessment of the future trends, challenges, and opportu
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 414
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 1592
prior to the date of enactment of this Act [May 29,
2015], to encompass those who purchase illicit sexual
acts from trafficking victims, some confusion per-
sists;
‘‘(3) in United States vs. Jungers, 702 F.3d 1066 (8th
Cir. 2013), the United States Court of Appeals for the
Eighth Circuit ruled that section 1591 of title 18,
United States Code, applied to persons who purchase
illicit sexual acts with trafficking victims after the
United States District Court for the District of South
Dakota erroneously granted motions to acquit these
buyers in two separate cases; and
‘‘(4) section 108 of this title [title I of Pub. L. 114–22]
amends section 1591 of title 18, United States Code, to
add the words ‘solicits or patronizes’ to the sex traf-
ficking statute making absolutely clear for judges,
juries, prosecutors, and law enforcement officials
that criminals who purchase sexual acts from human
trafficking victims may be arrested, prosecuted, and
convicted as sex trafficking offenders when this is
merited by the facts of a particular case.’’
§ 1592. Unlawful conduct with respect to docu-
ments in furtherance of trafficking, peonage,
slavery, involuntary servitude, or forced
labor
(a) Whoever knowingly destroys, conceals, re-
moves, confiscates, or possesses any actual or
purported passport or other immigration docu-
ment, or any other actual or purported govern-
ment identification document, of another per-
son—
(1) in the course of a violation of section
1581, 1583, 1584, 1589, 1590, 1591, or 1594(a);
(2) with intent to violate section 1581, 1583,
1584, 1589, 1590, or 1591; or
(3) to prevent or restrict or to attempt to
prevent or restrict, without lawful authority,
the person’s liberty to move o
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 860
TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS
§ 852
which occurred more than five years before the
date of the information alleging such prior con-
viction.
(Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 411, Oct. 27, 1970, 84
Stat. 1269.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective on first day of seventh calendar
month that begins after Oct. 26, 1970, see section 704 of
Pub. L. 91–513, set out as a note under section 801 of
this title.
§ 852. Application of treaties and other inter-
national agreements
Nothing in the Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs, the Convention on Psychotropic Sub-
stances, or other treaties or international agree-
ments shall be construed to limit the provision
of treatment, education, or rehabilitation as al-
ternatives to conviction or criminal penalty for
offenses involving any drug or other substance
subject to control under any such treaty or
agreement.
(Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 412, as added Pub. L.
95–633, title I, § 107(a), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3773.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective on date the Convention on Psycho-
tropic Substances enters into force in the United
States [July 15, 1980], see section 112 of Pub. L. 95–633,
set out as a note under section 801a of this title.
§ 853. Criminal forfeitures
(a) Property subject to criminal forfeiture
Any person convicted of a violation of this
subchapter or subchapter II punishable by im-
prisonment for more than one year shall forfeit
to the United States, irrespective of any provi-
sion of State law—
(1) any property constituting, or derived
from, any proceeds the person obtained, di-
rectly or indirectly, as the result of such vio-
lation;
(2) any of the person’s property used, or in-
tended to be used, in any mann
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 62
TITLE 29—LABOR
§ 201
Sec.
215.
Prohibited acts; prima facie evidence.
216.
Penalties.
216a.
Repealed.
216b.
Liability for overtime work performed prior
to July 20, 1949.
217.
Injunction proceedings.
218.
Relation to other laws.
218a.
Repealed.
218b.
Notice to employees.
218c.
Protections for employees.
218d.
Breastfeeding accommodations in the work-
place.
219.
Separability.
§ 201. Short title
This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Fair Labor
Standards Act of 1938’’.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 1, 52 Stat. 1060.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 117–328, div. KK, § 101, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat.
6093, provided that: ‘‘This division [enacting section
218d of this title, amending sections 207, 215, and 216 of
this title and section 20168 of Title 49, Transportation,
and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
207, 215, and 218d of this title and section 20168 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Providing Urgent Maternal
Protections for Nursing Mothers Act’ or the ‘PUMP for
Nursing Mothers Act’.’’
SHORT TITLE OF 2007 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, § 8101, May 25, 2007, 121 Stat.
188,
provided
that:
‘‘This
subtitle
[subtitle
A
(§§ 8101–8104) of title VIII of Pub. L. 110–28, amending
section 206 of this title, repealing sections 205 and 208
of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes
under section 206 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Fair
Minimum Wage Act of 2007’.’’
SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106–202, § 1, May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 308, provided
that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 207 of this title and
enacting provisions set out as notes under section 207
of this title] may be cited as the ‘Worker Economic Op-
portunity Act’.’’
SHORT
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