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19 U.S.C. § 3512 — Approval and entry into force of Uruguay Round Agreements
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Approval of agreements and statement of administrative action** Pursuant to [section 2903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2903&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 2191 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2191&num=0&edition=prelim), the Congress approves—
(1) the trade agreements described in subsection (d) resulting from the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, entered into on April 15, 1994, and submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994; and
(2) the statement of administrative action proposed to implement the agreements that was submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994.
**(b) Entry into force** At such time as the President determines that a sufficient number of foreign countries are accepting the obligations of the Uruguay Round Agreements, in accordance with article XIV of the WTO Agreement, to ensure the effective operation of, and adequate benefits for the United States under, those Agreements, the President may accept the Uruguay Round Agreements and implement article VIII of the WTO Agreement.
**(c) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the WTO.
**(d) Trade agreements to which this Act applies** Subsection (a) applies to the WTO Agreement and to the following agreements annexed to that Agreement:
(1) The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
(2) The Agreement on Agriculture.
(3) The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.
(4) The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing.
(5) T
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_2c2d9e504b63a6510f44d74d
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-3512-approval-and-entry-into-force-of-uruguay-round-agreements--060a891efc.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 22, § 3512; chapter-022-uruguay-round-trade-agreements.md
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**(a) Approval of agreements and statement of administrative action** Pursuant to [section 2903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2903&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 2191 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2191&num=0&edition=prelim), the Congress approves—
(1) the trade agreements described in subsection (d) resulting from the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, entered into on April 15, 1994, and submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994; and
(2) the statement of administrative action proposed to implement the agreements that was submitted to the Congress on September 27, 1994.
**(b) Entry into force** At such time as the President determines that a sufficient number of foreign countries are accepting the obligations of the Uruguay Round Agreements, in accordance with article XIV of the WTO Agreement, to ensure the effective operation of, and adequate benefits for the United States under, those Agreements, the President may accept the Uruguay Round Agreements and implement article VIII of the WTO Agreement.
**(c) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the WTO.
**(d) Trade agreements to which this Act applies** Subsection (a) applies to the WTO Agreement and to the following agreements annexed to that Agreement:
(1) The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
(2) The Agreement on Agriculture.
(3) The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.
(4) The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing.
(5) The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
(6) The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures.
(7) The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
(8) The Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.
(9) The Agreement on Preshipment Inspection.
(10) The Agreement on Rules of Origin.
(11) The Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.
(12) The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
(13) The Agreement on Safeguards.
(14) The General Agreement on Trade in Services.
(15) The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
(16) The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.
(17) The Agreement on Government Procurement.
(18) The International Bovine Meat Agreement.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) The President shall seek information and advice from representative elements of the private sector and the non-Federal governmental sector with respect to—
(A) negotiating objectives and bargaining positions before entering into a trade agreement under this subchapter or [section 4202 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4202&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) the operation of any trade agreement once entered into, including preparation for dispute settlement panel proceedings to which the United States is a party; and
(C) other matters arising in connection with the development, implementation, and administration of the trade policy of the United States, including those matters referred to in Reorganization Plan Number 3 of 1979 and Executive Order Numbered 12188, and the priorities for actions thereunder.
To the maximum extent feasible, such information and advice on negotiating objectives shall be sought and considered before the commencement of negotiations.
(2) The President shall consult with representative elements of the private sector and the non-Federal governmental sector on the overall current trade policy of the United States. The consultations shall include, but are not limited to, the following elements of such policy:
(A) The principal multilateral and bilateral trade negotiating objectives and the progress being made toward their achievement.
(B) The implementation, operation, and effectiveness of recently concluded multilateral and bilateral trade agreements and resolution of trade disputes.
(C) The actions taken under the trade laws of the United States and the effectiveness of such actions in achieving trade policy objectives.
(D) Important developments in o
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Development projects and programs** The United States Special Resources shall be used to finance specific high priority development projects and programs in developing member countries of the Bank with emphasis on such projects and programs in the Southeast Asia region.
**(b) Authorized uses** The United States Special Resources shall be used by the Bank only for—
(1) making development loans on terms which may be more flexible and bear less heavily on the balance of payments than those established by the Bank for its ordinary operations; and
(2) providing technical assistance credits on a reimbursable basis.
**(c) Eligible goods and services**
(1) The United States Special Resources may be expended by the Bank only for procurement in the United States of goods produced in, or services supplied from the United States, except that the United States Governor, in consultation with the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies, may allow eligibility for procurement in other member countries from the United States Special Resources if he determines that such procurement eligibility would materially improve the ability of the Bank to carry out the objectives of its special funds resources and would be compatible with the international financial position of the United States.
(2) The United States Special Resources may be used to pay for administrative expenses arising from the use of the United States Special Resources, but only to the extent such expenses are not covered from the Bank’s service fee or income from use of United States Special Resources.
**(d) Repayment in dollars** All financing of programs and projects by the Bank from the United States Special Resources shall be repayable to the Bank by the borrowers in United S
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Automatic Protection and Term.—**
(1) **Term.—**
(A) Copyright subsists, in accordance with this section, in restored works, and vests automatically on the date of restoration.
(B) Any work in which copyright is restored under this section shall subsist for the remainder of the term of copyright that the work would have otherwise been granted in the United States if the work never entered the public domain in the United States.
(2) **Exception.—** — Any work in which the copyright was ever owned or administered by the Alien Property Custodian and in which the restored copyright would be owned by a government or instrumentality thereof, is not a restored work.
**(b) Ownership of Restored Copyright.—** A restored work vests initially in the author or initial rightholder of the work as determined by the law of the source country of the work.
**(c) Filing of Notice of Intent to Enforce Restored Copyright Against Reliance Parties.—** On or after the date of restoration, any person who owns a copyright in a restored work or an exclusive right therein may file with the Copyright Office a notice of intent to enforce that person’s copyright or exclusive right or may serve such a notice directly on a reliance party. Acceptance of a notice by the Copyright Office is effective as to any reliance parties but shall not create a presumption of the validity of any of the facts stated therein. Service on a reliance party is effective as to that reliance party and any other reliance parties with actual knowledge of such service and of the contents of that notice.
**(d) Remedies for Infringement of Restored Copyrights.—**
(1) **Enforcement of copyright in restored works in the absence of a reliance party.—** — As against any party who is not a reliance party, the remedie
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) The term “duty” includes the rate and form of any import duty, including but not limited to tariff-rate quotas.
(2) The term “other import restriction” includes a limitation, prohibition, charge, or exaction other than duty, imposed on importation or imposed for the regulation of importation. The term does not include any orderly marketing agreement.
(3) The term “ad valorem” includes ad valorem equivalent. Whenever any limitation on the amount by which or to which any rate of duty may be decreased or increased pursuant to a trade agreement is expressed in terms of an ad valorem percentage, the ad valorem amount taken into account for purposes of such limitation shall be determined by the President on the basis of the value of imports of the articles concerned during the most recent representative period.
(4) The term “ad valorem equivalent” means the ad valorem equivalent of a specific rate or, in the case of a combination of rates including a specific rate, the sum of the ad valorem equivalent of the specific rate and of the ad valorem rate. The ad valorem equivalent shall be determined by the President on the basis of the value of imports of the article concerned during the most recent representative period. In determining the value of imports, the President shall utilize, to the maximum extent practicable, the standards of valuation contained in section 1401a or 1402 11 See References in Text note below. of this title (as in effect before the effective date of the amendments made by title II of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979) or in [section 1401a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1401a&num=0&edition=prelim) (as in effect on the effective date of such title II amendments)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2483
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Approval** The Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of this joint resolution between the United States and the Government of Palau is hereby approved, and Congress hereby consents to the agreements as set forth on pages 154 through 405 of House Document 99–193 of April 9, 1986 (hereafter in this joint resolution referred to as subsidiary or related agreements), as they relate to such Government. Subject to the provisions of this joint resolution, the President is authorized to agree, in accordance with section 411 of the Compact, to an effective date for and thereafter to implement such Compact, having taken into account any procedures with respect to the United Nations for termination of the Trusteeship Agreement.
**(b) Reference to Compact** Any reference in this joint resolution to the “Compact” shall be treated as a reference to the Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of this joint resolution.
**(c) Amendment, change, or termination of Compact and certain agreements**
(1) Mutual agreement by the Government of the United States as provided in the Compact which results in amendment, change, or termination of all or any part thereof shall be affected only by Act of Congress and no unilateral action by the Government of the United States provided for in the Compact, and having such result, may be effected other than by Act of Congress.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply—
(A) to all actions of the Government of the United States under the Compact including, but not limited to, actions taken pursuant to sections 431, 432, 441, or 442;
(B) to any amendment, change, or termination in any agreement that may be concluded at any time between the Government of the United States and the Government of Palau regarding friends
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements regarding tariff barriers**
(1) Whenever the President determines that one or more existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purposes, policies, and objectives of this title will be promoted thereby, the President—
(A) before June 1, 1993, may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries; and
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) through (5), proclaim—
(i) such modification or continuance of any existing duty,
(ii) such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or
(iii) such additional duties;
as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
(2) No proclamation may be made under subsection (a) that—
(A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a rate of duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad valorem on August 23, 1988) to a rate which is less than 50 percent of the rate of such duty that applies on August 23, 1988; or
(B) increases any rate of duty above the rate that applies on August 23, 1988.
(3)
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the aggregate reduction in the rate of duty on any article which is in effect on any day pursuant to a trade agreement entered into under paragraph (1) shall not exceed the aggregate reduction which would have been in effect on such day if a reduction of 3 percent ad valorem or a reduction of one-tenth of the total reduction, whichever is greater, had taken effect on the effective date of the first reduction proclaimed in paragraph (1) to carry out such agreement with respect to such article.
(B) No staging under subparagraph (A) is required with respect to a rate reduction that is proclaimed u
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this Act:
(1) **GATT 1947; GATT 1994**
(A) *GATT 1947* — The term “GATT 1947” means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated October 30, 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, as subsequently rectified, amended, or modified by the terms of legal instruments which have entered into force before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
(B) *GATT 1994* — The term “GATT 1994” means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade annexed to the WTO Agreement.
(2) **HTS** — The term “HTS” means the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
(3) **International Trade Commission** — The term “International Trade Commission” means the United States International Trade Commission.
(4) **Multilateral trade agreement** — The term “multilateral trade agreement” means an agreement described in [section 3511(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (other than an agreement described in paragraph (17) or (18) of such section).
(5) **Schedule XX** — The term “Schedule XX” means Schedule XX—United States of America annexed to the Marrakesh Protocol to the GATT 1994.
(6) **Trade Representative** — The term “Trade Representative” means the United States Trade Representative.
(7) **Uruguay Round Agreements** — The term “Uruguay Round Agreements” means the agreements approved by the Congress under [section 3511(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
(8) **World Trade Organization and WTO** — The terms “World Trade Organization” and “WTO” mean the or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President may proclaim duty-free treatment (or other preferential treatment) for all eligible articles from any beneficiary country in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Use of additional funds** Consistent, as determined by the President, with the obligations undertaken by the United States set forth in the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall use, in addition to any other funds appropriated or made available for such purposes, any funds made available under subsection (b) for authorized export promotion, foreign market development, export credit financing, and promoting the development, commercialization, and marketing of products resulting from alternative uses of agricultural commodities.
**(b) Amount of additional funds** Amounts shall be credited to the Commodity Credit Corporation in fiscal year 1995 equal to the lesser of the dollar amount of—
(1) the fiscal year 1995 Pay-As-You-Go savings; and
(2) the 5-year Pay-As-You-Go savings;
under [section 902 of title 2](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section902&num=0&edition=prelim), resulting from the enactment of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994.
**(c) Effective date** This section shall take effect on December 8, 1994.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture has reason to believe that any article or articles are being or are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, any program or operation undertaken under this chapter or the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended [[16 U.S.C. 590a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section590a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or [section 612c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section612c&num=0&edition=prelim), or any loan, purchase, or other program or operation undertaken by the Department of Agriculture, or any agency operating under its direction, with respect to any agricultural commodity or product thereof, or to reduce substantially the amount of any product processed in the United States from any agricultural commodity or product thereof with respect to which any such program or operation is being undertaken, he shall so advise the President, and, if the President agrees that there is reason for such belief, the President shall cause an immediate investigation to be made by the United States International Trade Commission, which shall give precedence to investigations under this section to determine such facts. Such investigation shall be made after due notice and opportunity for hearing to interested parties, and shall be conducted subject to such regulations as the President shall specify.
**(b)** If, on the basis of such investigation and report to him of findings and recommendations made in connection therewith, the President finds the existence of such facts, he shall by proclamation impose such fees
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