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26 U.S.C. § 6015 — Relief from joint and several liability on joint return

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6015 — Relief from joint and several liability on joint return

**(a) In general** Notwithstanding section 6013(d)(3)— (1) an individual who has made a joint return may elect to seek relief under the procedures prescribed under subsection (b); and (2) if such individual is eligible to elect the application of subsection (c), such individual may, in addition to any election under paragraph (1), elect to limit such individual’s liability for any deficiency with respect to such joint return in the manner prescribed under subsection (c). Any determination under this section shall be made without regard to community property laws. **(b) Procedures for relief from liability applicable to all joint filers** (1) **In general** — Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if— (A) a joint return has been made for a taxable year; (B) on such return there is an understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items of one individual filing the joint return; (C) the other individual filing the joint return establishes that in signing the return he or she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was such understatement; (D) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other individual liable for the deficiency in tax for such taxable year attributable to such understatement; and (E) the other individual elects (in such form as the Secretary may prescribe) the benefits of this subsection not later than the date which is 2 years after the date the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election, then the other individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for such taxable year to the extent such liability is attributable to such understatement. (2) **Apportionment of relief** —

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_2989970dd471af9f2cb0df51
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-6015-relief-from-joint-and-several-liability-on-joint-return--c07693f11f.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 61, § 6015; chapter-061-information-and-returns.md

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**(a) In general** Notwithstanding section 6013(d)(3)— (1) an individual who has made a joint return may elect to seek relief under the procedures prescribed under subsection (b); and (2) if such individual is eligible to elect the application of subsection (c), such individual may, in addition to any election under paragraph (1), elect to limit such individual’s liability for any deficiency with respect to such joint return in the manner prescribed under subsection (c). Any determination under this section shall be made without regard to community property laws. **(b) Procedures for relief from liability applicable to all joint filers** (1) **In general** — Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if— (A) a joint return has been made for a taxable year; (B) on such return there is an understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items of one individual filing the joint return; (C) the other individual filing the joint return establishes that in signing the return he or she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was such understatement; (D) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other individual liable for the deficiency in tax for such taxable year attributable to such understatement; and (E) the other individual elects (in such form as the Secretary may prescribe) the benefits of this subsection not later than the date which is 2 years after the date the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election, then the other individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for such taxable year to the extent such liability is attributable to such understatement. (2) **Apportionment of relief** — If an individual who, but for paragraph (1)(C), would be relieved of liability under paragraph (1), establishes that in signing the return such individual did not know, and had no reason to know, the extent of such understatement, then such individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for such taxable year to the extent that such liability is attributable to the portion of such understatement of which such individual did not know and had no reason to know. (3) **Understatement** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “understatement” has the meaning given to such term by section 6662(d)(2)(A). **(c) Procedures to limit liability for taxpayers no longer married or taxpayers legally separated or not living together** (1) **In general** — Except as provided in this subsection, if an individual who has made a joint return for any taxable year elects the application of this subsection, the individual’s liability for any deficiency which is assessed with respect to the return shall not exceed the portion of such deficiency properly allocable to the individual under subsection (d). (2) **Burden of proof** — Except as provided in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (C) of paragraph (3), each individual who elects the application of this subsection shall have the burden of proof with respect to establishing the portion of any deficiency allocable to such individual. (3) **Election** (A) *Individuals eligible to make election* (i) *In general* — An individual shall only be eligible to elect the application of this subsection if— (I) at the time such election is filed, such individual is no longer married to, or is legally separated from, the individual with whom such individual filed the joint return to which the election relates; or (II) such individual was not a member of the same household as the individual with whom such joint return was filed at any time during the 12-month period ending on the date such election is filed. (ii) *Certain taxpayers ineligible to elect* — If the Secretary demonstrates that assets were transferred between individuals filing a joint return as part of a fraudulent scheme by such individuals, an election under this subsection by either individual shall be invalid (and section 6013(d)(3) shall apply to the joint return). (B) *Time for election* — An election under this subsection for any taxable year may be made at any time after a deficiency for such year is asserted but not later than 2 years after the date on which the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election. (C) *Election not valid with respect to certain deficiencies* — If the Secretary demonstrates that an individual making an election under this subsection had actual knowledge, at the time such individual signed the return, of any item giving rise to a deficiency (or portion thereof) which is not allocable to such individual under subsection (d), such election shall not apply to such deficiency (or portion). This subparagraph shall not apply where the individual with actual knowledge establishes that such individual signed the return under duress. (4) **Liability increased by reason of transfers of property to avoid tax** (A) *In general* — Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the portion of the deficiency for which the individual electing the application of this subsection is liable (without regard to this paragraph) shall be increased by the value of any disqualified asset transferred to the individual. (B) *Disqualified asset* — For purposes of this paragraph— (i) *In general* — The term “disqualified asset” means any property or right to property transferred to an individual making the election under this subsection with respect to a joint return by the other individual filing such joint return if the principal purpose of the transfer was the avoidance of tax or payment of tax. (ii) *Presumption* (I) *In general* — For purposes of clause (i), except as provided in subclause (II), any transfer which is made after the date which is 1 year before the date on which the first letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals is sent shall be presumed to have as its principal purpose the avoidance of tax or payment of tax. (II) *Exceptions* — Subclause (I) shall not apply to any transfer pursuant to a decree of divorce or separate maintenance or a written instrument incident to such a decree or to any transfer which an individual establishes did not have as its principal purpose the avoidance of tax or payment of tax. **(d) Allocation of deficiency** For purposes of subsection (c)— (1) **In general** — The portion of any deficiency on a joint return allocated to an individual shall be the amount which bears the same ratio to such deficiency as the net amount of items taken into account in computing the deficiency and allocable to the individual under paragraph (3) bears to the net amount of all items taken into account in computing the deficiency. (2) **Separate treatment of certain items** — If a deficiency (or portion thereof) is attributable to— (A) the disallowance of a credit; or (B) any tax (other than tax imposed by section 1 or 55) required to be included with the joint return; and such item is allocated to one individual under paragraph (3), such deficiency (or portion) shall be allocated to such individual. Any such item shall not be taken into account under paragraph (1). (3) **Allocation of items giving rise to the deficiency** — For purposes of this subsection— (A) *In general* — Except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), any item giving rise to a deficiency on a joint return shall be allocated to individuals filing the return in the same manner as it would have been allocated if the individuals had filed separate returns for the taxable year. (B) *Exception where other spouse benefits* — Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, an item otherwise allocable to an individual under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated to the other individual filing the joint return to the extent the item gave rise to a tax benefit on the joint return to the other individual. (C) *Exception for fraud* — The Secretary may provide for an allocation of any item in a manner not prescribed by subparagraph (A) if the Secretary establishes that such allocation is appropriate due to fraud of one or both individuals. (4) **Limitations on separate returns disregarded** — If an item of deduction or credit is disallowed in its entirety solely because a separate return is filed, such disallowance shall be disregarded and the item shall be computed as if a joint return had been filed and then allocated between the spouses appropriately. A similar rule shall apply for purposes of section 86. (5) **Child’s liability** — If the liability of a child of a taxpayer is included on a joint return, such liability shall be disregarded in computing the separate liability of either spouse and such liability shall be allocated appropriately between the spouses. **(e) Petition for review by Tax Court** (1) **In general** — In the case of an individual against whom a deficiency has been asserted and who elects to have subsection (b) or (c) apply, or in the case of an individual who requests equitable relief under subsection (f)— (A) *In general* — In addition to any other remedy provided by law, the individual may petition the Tax Court (and the Tax Court shall have jurisdiction) to determine the appropriate relief available to the individual under this section if such petition is filed— (i) at any time after the earlier of— (I) the date the Secretary mails, by certified or registered mail to the taxpayer’s last known address, notice of the Secretary’s final determination of relief available to the individual, or (II) the date which is 6 months after the date such election is filed or request is made with the Secretary, and (ii) not later than the close of the 90th day after the date described in clause (i)(I). (B) *Restrictions applicable to collection of assessment* (i) *In general* — Except as otherwise provided in section 6851 or 6861, no levy or proceeding in court shall be made, begun, or prosecuted against the individual making an election under subsection (b) or (c) or requesting equitable relief under subsection (f) for collection of any assessment to which such election or request relates until the close of the 90th day referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii), or, if a petition has been filed with the Tax Court under subparagraph (A), until the decision of the Tax Court has become final. Rules similar to the rules of section 7485 shall apply with respect to the collection of such assessment. (ii) *Authority to enjoin collection actions* — Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7421(a), the beginning of such levy or proceeding during the time the prohibition under clause (i) is in force may be enjoined by a proceeding in the proper court, including the Tax Court. The Tax Court shall have no jurisdiction under this subparagraph to enjoin any action or proceeding unless a timely petition has been filed under subparagraph (A) and then only in respect of the amount of the assessment to which the election under subsection (b) or (c) relates or to which the request under subsection (f) relates. (2) **Suspension of running of period of limitations** — The running of the period of limitations in section 6502 on the collection of the assessment to which the petition under paragraph (1)(A) relates shall be suspended— (A) for the period during which the Secretary is prohibited by paragraph (1)(B) from collecting by levy or a proceeding in court and for 60 days thereafter, and (B) if a waiver under paragraph (5) is made, from the date the claim for relief was filed until 60 days after the waiver is filed with the Secretary. (3) **Limitation on Tax Court jurisdiction** — If a suit for refund is begun by either individual filing the joint return pursuant to section 6532— (A) the Tax Court shall lose jurisdiction of the individual’s action under this section to whatever extent jurisdiction is acquired by the district court or the United States Court of Federal Claims over the taxable years that are the subject of the suit for refund, and (B) the court acquiring jurisdiction shall have jurisdiction over the petition filed under this subsection. (4) **Notice to other spouse** — The Tax Court shall establish rules which provide the individual filing a joint return but not making the election under subsection (b) or (c) or the request for equitable relief under subsection (f) with adequate notice and an opportunity to become a party to a proceeding under either such subsection. (5) **Waiver** — An individual who elects the application of subsection (b) or (c) or who requests equitable relief under subsection (f) (and who agrees with the Secretary’s determination of relief) may waive in writing at any time the restrictions in paragraph (1)(B) with respect to collection of the outstanding assessment (whether or not a notice of the Secretary’s final determination of relief has been mailed). (6) **Suspension of running of period for filing petition in title 11 cases** — In the case of a person who is prohibited by reason of a case under title 11, United States Code, from filing a petition under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to a final determination of relief under this section, the running of the period prescribed by such paragraph for filing such a petition with respect to such final determination shall be suspended for the period during which the person is so prohibited from filing such a petition, and for 60 days thereafter. (7) **Standard and scope of review** — Any review of a determination made under this section shall be reviewed de novo by the Tax Court and shall be based upon— (A) the administrative record established at the time of the determination, and (B) any additional newly discovered or previously unavailable evidence. **(f) Equitable relief** (1) **In general** — Under procedures prescribed by the Secretary, if— (A) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency (or any portion of either), and (B) relief is not available to such individual under subsection (b) or (c), the Secretary may relieve such individual of such liability. (2) **Limitation** — A request for equitable relief under this subsection may be made with respect to any portion of any liability that— (A) has not been paid, provided that such request is made before the expiration of the applicable period of limitation under section 6502, or (B) has been paid, provided that such request is made during the period in which the individual could submit a timely claim for refund or credit of such payment. **(g) Credits and refunds** (1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), notwithstanding any other law or rule of law (other than section 6511, 6512(b), 7121, or 7122), credit or refund shall be allowed or made to the extent attributable to the application of this section. (2) **Res judicata** — In the case of any election under subsection (b) or (c) or of any request for equitable relief under subsection (f), if a decision of a court in any prior proceeding for the same taxable year has become final, such decision shall be conclusive except with respect to the qualification of the individual for relief which was not an issue in such proceeding. The exception contained in the preceding sentence shall not apply if the court determines that the individual participated meaningfully in such prior proceeding. (3) **Credit and refund not allowed under subsection (c)** — No credit or refund shall be allowed as a result of an election under subsection (c). **(h) Regulations** The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including— (1) regulations providing methods for allocation of items other than the methods under subsection (d)(3); and (2) regulations providing the opportunity for an individual to have notice of, and an opportunity to participate in, any administrative proceeding with respect to an election made under subsection (b) or (c) or a request for equitable relief made under subsection (f) by the other individual filing the joint return.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6013 — Joint returns of income tax by husband and wife

**(a) Joint returns** A husband and wife may make a single return jointly of income taxes under subtitle A, even though one of the spouses has neither gross income nor deductions, except as provided below: (1) no joint return shall be made if either the husband or wife at any time during the taxable year is a nonresident alien; (2) no joint return shall be made if the husband and wife have different taxable years; except that if such taxable years begin on the same day and end on different days because of the death of either or both, then the joint return may be made with respect to the taxable year of each. The above exception shall not apply if the surviving spouse remarries before the close of his taxable year, nor if the taxable year of either spouse is a fractional part of a year under section 443(a)(1); (3) in the case of death of one spouse or both spouses the joint return with respect to the decedent may be made only by his executor or administrator; except that in the case of the death of one spouse the joint return may be made by the surviving spouse with respect to both himself and the decedent if no return for the taxable year has been made by the decedent, no executor or administrator has been appointed, and no executor or administrator is appointed before the last day prescribed by law for filing the return of the surviving spouse. If an executor or administrator of the decedent is appointed after the making of the joint return by the surviving spouse, the executor or administrator may disaffirm such joint return by making, within 1 year after the last day prescribed by law for filing the return of the surviving spouse, a separate return for the taxable year of the decedent with respect to which the joint return was made, in which case the return made b

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 1 — Tax imposed

**(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of— (1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and (2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)), a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $36,90015% of taxable income. Over $36,900 but not over $89,150$5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900. Over $89,150 but not over $140,000$20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150. Over $140,000 but not over $250,000$35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000. Over $250,000$75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000. **(b) Heads of households** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $29,60015% of taxable income. Over $29,600 but not over $76,400$4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600. Over $76,400 but not over $127,500$17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400. Over $127,500 but not over $250,000$33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500. Over $250,000$77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000. **(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $22,10015% of taxable income. Over $22,100 but not over $53,50

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6103 — Confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return information

**(a) General rule** Returns and return information shall be confidential, and except as authorized by this title— (1) no officer or employee of the United States, (2) no officer or employee of any State, any local law enforcement agency receiving information under subsection (i)(1)(C) or (7)(A), any tribal or local child support enforcement agency, or any local agency administering a program listed in subsection (l)(7)(D) who has or had access to returns or return information under this section or section 6104(c), and (3) no other person (or officer or employee thereof) who has or had access to returns or return information under subsection (c), subsection (e)(1)(D)(iii), paragraph (10), (13), (14), or (15) of subsection (k), paragraph (6), (8), (10), (12), (13) (other than subparagraphs (D)(v) and (D)(vi) thereof), (16), (19), (20), or (21) of subsection (l), paragraph (2) or (4)(B) of subsection (m), or subsection (n), shall disclose any return or return information obtained by him in any manner in connection with his service as such an officer or an employee or otherwise or under the provisions of this section. For purposes of this subsection, the term “officer or employee” includes a former officer or employee. **(b) Definitions** For purposes of this section— (1) **Return** — The term “return” means any tax or information return, declaration of estimated tax, or claim for refund required by, or provided for or permitted under, the provisions of this title which is filed with the Secretary by, on behalf of, or with respect to any person, and any amendment or supplement thereto, including supporting schedules, attachments, or lists which are supplemental to, or part of, the return so filed. (2) **Return information** — The term “return information” means— (

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6110 — Public inspection of written determinations

**(a) General rule** Except as otherwise provided in this section, the text of any written determination and any background file document relating to such written determination shall be open to public inspection at such place as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe. **(b) Definitions** For purposes of this section— (1) **Written determination** (A) *In general* — The term “written determination” means a ruling, determination letter, technical advice memorandum, or Chief Counsel advice. (B) *Exceptions* — Such term shall not include any matter referred to in subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 6103(b)(2). (2) **Background file document** — The term “background file document” with respect to a written determination includes the request for that written determination, any written material submitted in support of the request, and any communication (written or otherwise) between the Internal Revenue Service and persons outside the Internal Revenue Service in connection with such written determination (other than any communication between the Department of Justice and the Internal Revenue Service relating to a pending civil or criminal case or investigation) received before issuance of the written determination. (3) **Reference and general written determinations** (A) *Reference written determination* — The term “reference written determination” means any written determination which has been determined by the Secretary to have significant reference value. (B) *General written determination* — The term “general written determination” means any written determination other than a reference written determination. **(c) Exemptions from disclosure** Before making any written determination or background file document open or available to public inspection under

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6330 — Notice and opportunity for hearing before levy

**(a) Requirement of notice before levy** (1) **In general** — No levy may be made on any property or right to property of any person unless the Secretary has notified such person in writing of their right to a hearing under this section before such levy is made. Such notice shall be required only once for the taxable period to which the unpaid tax specified in paragraph (3)(A) relates. (2) **Time and method for notice** — The notice required under paragraph (1) shall be— (A) given in person; (B) left at the dwelling or usual place of business of such person; or (C) sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to such person’s last known address; not less than 30 days before the day of the first levy with respect to the amount of the unpaid tax for the taxable period. (3) **Information included with notice** — The notice required under paragraph (1) shall include in simple and nontechnical terms— (A) the amount of unpaid tax; (B) the right of the person to request a hearing during the 30-day period under paragraph (2); and (C) the proposed action by the Secretary and the rights of the person with respect to such action, including a brief statement which sets forth— (i) the provisions of this title relating to levy and sale of property; (ii) the procedures applicable to the levy and sale of property under this title; (iii) the administrative appeals available to the taxpayer with respect to such levy and sale and the procedures relating to such appeals; (iv) the alternatives available to taxpayers which could prevent levy on property (including installment agreements under section 6159); and (v) the provisions of this title and procedures relating to redemption of property and release of liens on property

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 66 — Treatment of community income

**(a) Treatment of community income where spouses live apart** If— (1) 2 individuals are married to each other at any time during a calendar year; (2) such individuals— (A) live apart at all times during the calendar year, and (B) do not file a joint return under section 6013 with each other for a taxable year beginning or ending in the calendar year; (3) one or both of such individuals have earned income for the calendar year which is community income; and (4) no portion of such earned income is transferred (directly or indirectly) between such individuals before the close of the calendar year, then, for purposes of this title, any community income of such individuals for the calendar year shall be treated in accordance with the rules provided by section 879(a). **(b) Secretary may disregard community property laws where spouse not notified of community income** The Secretary may disallow the benefits of any community property law to any taxpayer with respect to any income if such taxpayer acted as if solely entitled to such income and failed to notify the taxpayer’s spouse before the due date (including extensions) for filing the return for the taxable year in which the income was derived of the nature and amount of such income. **(c) Spouse relieved of liability in certain other cases** Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if— (1) an individual does not file a joint return for any taxable year, (2) such individual does not include in gross income for such taxable year an item of community income properly includible therein which, in accordance with the rules contained in section 879(a), would be treated as the income of the other spouse, (3) the individual establishes that he or she did not know of, and had no reason to know of, such item of

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6654 — Failure by individual to pay estimated income tax

**(a) Addition to the tax** Except as otherwise provided in this section, in the case of any underpayment of estimated tax by an individual, there shall be added to the tax under chapter 1, the tax under chapter 2, and the tax under chapter 2A for the taxable year an amount determined by applying— (1) the underpayment rate established under section 6621, (2) to the amount of the underpayment, (3) for the period of the underpayment. **(b) Amount of underpayment; period of underpayment** For purposes of subsection (a)— (1) **Amount** — The amount of the underpayment shall be the excess of— (A) the required installment, over (B) the amount (if any) of the installment paid on or before the due date for the installment. (2) **Period of underpayment** — The period of the underpayment shall run from the due date for the installment to whichever of the following dates is the earlier— (A) the 15th day of the 4th month following the close of the taxable year, or (B) with respect to any portion of the underpayment, the date on which such portion is paid. (3) **Order of crediting payments** — For purposes of paragraph (2)(B), a payment of estimated tax shall be credited against unpaid required installments in the order in which such installments are required to be paid. **(c) Number of required installments; due dates** For purposes of this section— (1) **Payable in 4 installments** — There shall be 4 required installments for each taxable year. (2) **Time for payment of installments** — In the case of the following required installments:The due date is: 1stApril 15 2ndJune 15 3rdSeptember 15 4thJanuary 15 of the following taxable year. **(d) Amount of required installments** For purposes of this section— (1) **Amount** (A) *In general* — Except as provid

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 7421 — Prohibition of suits to restrain assessment or collection

**(a) Tax** Except as provided in sections 6015(e), 6212(a) and (c), 6213(a), 6232(c), 6330(e)(1), 6331(i), 6672(c), 6694(c), 7426(a) and (b)(1), 7429(b), and 7436, no suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any tax shall be maintained in any court by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed. **(b) Liability of transferee or fiduciary** No suit shall be maintained in any court for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection (pursuant to the provisions of chapter 71) of— (1) the amount of the liability, at law or in equity, of a transferee of property of a taxpayer in respect of any internal revenue tax, or (2) the amount of the liability of a fiduciary under [section 3713(b) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3713/b&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code, in respect of any such tax.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 6015 — Relief from joint and several liability on

Page 3310 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 6015 duced standard deduction by reason of section 63(c)(5). Such regulations shall provide for the applica- tion of this section in the case of husband and wife, including provisions determining when a joint return under this section may be per- mitted or required, whether the liability shall be joint and several, and whether one spouse may make return under this section and the other without regard to this section. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 736; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 201(d)(14), title III, § 301(b)(2), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 32, 140; Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, § 803(d)(1), title IX, § 942(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 684, 726; Pub. L. 94–455, title V, §§ 501(b)(8), (9), 503(b)(2), (3), title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1559, 1562, 1834; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 101(d)(13), (14), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 134; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, § 104(b)(16), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2106.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514, § 104(b)(16)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘who is not described in section 6012(a)(1)(C)(i)’’ for ‘‘who does not have an unused zero bracket amount (determined under section 63(e))’’. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 99–514, § 104(b)(16)(B), amended par. (4) generally, substituting ‘‘where the taxpayer claims a reduced standard deduction by reason of sec- tion 63(c)(5)’’ for ‘‘has an unused zero bracket amount’’. 1977—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–30, § 101(d)(13), sub- stituted ‘‘An individual who does not itemize his deduc- tions and who does not have an unused zero bracket amount (determined under section 63(e)), whose gross income’’ for ‘‘An individual entitled to take the stand- ard deduction provided by section 141 (other than an in- dividual desc

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 26 U.S.C. § 6015

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