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15 U.S.C. § 8516 — Weather research and development planning
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service and the Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services, shall issue a research and development and research to operations plan to restore and maintain United States leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that—
(1) describes the forecasting skill and technology goals, objectives, and progress of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in carrying out the program conducted under [section 8512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8512&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) identifies and prioritizes specific research and development activities, and performance metrics, weighted to meet the operational weather and flood-event mission of the National Weather Service to achieve a weather-ready Nation;
(3) describes how the program will collaborate with stakeholders, including the United States weather industry and academic partners; and
(4) identifies, through consultation with the National Science Foundation, the United States weather industry, and academic partners, research necessary to enhance the integration of social science knowledge into weather forecast and warning processes, including to improve the communication of threat information necessary to enable improved severe weather planning and decisionmaking on the part of individuals and communities.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_1e7365da39a9063a49b43004
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-8516-weather-research-and-development-planning--be18e905eb.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 111, § 8516; chapter-111-weather-research-and-forecasting-innovation.md
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Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service and the Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services, shall issue a research and development and research to operations plan to restore and maintain United States leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that—
(1) describes the forecasting skill and technology goals, objectives, and progress of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in carrying out the program conducted under [section 8512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8512&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) identifies and prioritizes specific research and development activities, and performance metrics, weighted to meet the operational weather and flood-event mission of the National Weather Service to achieve a weather-ready Nation;
(3) describes how the program will collaborate with stakeholders, including the United States weather industry and academic partners; and
(4) identifies, through consultation with the National Science Foundation, the United States weather industry, and academic partners, research necessary to enhance the integration of social science knowledge into weather forecast and warning processes, including to improve the communication of threat information necessary to enable improved severe weather planning and decisionmaking on the part of individuals and communities.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In conducting research, the Under Secretary shall prioritize improving weather data, modeling, computing, forecasting, and warnings for the protection of life and property and for the enhancement of the national economy.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8512
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In support of the requirements of [section 8516 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8516&num=0&edition=prelim), the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall undertake Observing System Simulation Experiments, or such other quantitative assessments as the Assistant Administrator considers appropriate, to quantitatively assess the relative value and benefits of observing capabilities and systems. Technical and scientific Observing System Simulation Experiment evaluations—
(1) may include assessments of the impact of observing capabilities on—
(A) global weather prediction;
(B) hurricane track and intensity forecasting;
(C) tornado warning lead times and accuracy;
(D) prediction of mid-latitude severe local storm outbreaks; and
(E) prediction of storms that have the potential to cause extreme precipitation and flooding lasting from 6 hours to 1 week; and
(2) shall be conducted in cooperation with other appropriate entities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, other Federal agencies, the United States weather industry, and academic partners to ensure the technical and scientific merit of results from Observing System Simulation Experiments or other appropriate quantitative assessment methodologies.
**(b) Requirements** Observing System Simulation Experiments shall quantitatively—
(1) determine the potential impact of proposed space-based, suborbital, and in situ observing systems on analyses and forecasts, including potential impacts on extreme weather events across all parts of the Nation;
(2) evaluate and compare observing system design options; and
(3) assess the relative capabilities and costs of various observing systems and com
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8518
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2429
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 8516
istrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
and in coordination with the Director of the Na-
tional Weather Service, shall, not less fre-
quently than once each year, submit to Congress
a proposed budget corresponding with the activi-
ties identified in the plan.
(Pub. L. 115–25, title I, § 103, Apr. 18, 2017, 131
Stat. 94; Pub. L. 117–316, § 8, Dec. 27, 2022, 136
Stat. 4412.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2022—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 117–316 added subsec.
(c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d)
and (e), respectively.
§ 8514. Hurricane forecast improvement program
(a) In general
The Under Secretary, in collaboration with
the United States weather industry and such
academic entities as the Administrator con-
siders appropriate, shall maintain a project to
improve hurricane forecasting.
(b) Goal
The goal of the project maintained under sub-
section (a) shall be to develop and extend accu-
rate hurricane forecasts and warnings in order
to reduce loss of life, injury, and damage to the
economy, with a focus on—
(1) improving the prediction of rapid inten-
sification and track of hurricanes;
(2) improving the forecast and communica-
tion of storm surges from hurricanes;
(3) incorporating risk communication re-
search to create more effective watch and
warning products; and
(4) evaluating and incorporating, as appro-
priate,
innovative
observations,
including
acoustic or infrasonic measurements.
(c) Project plan
Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, the
Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant
Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Re-
search and in consultation with the Director of
the National Weather Service, shall develop a
plan for the project maintained under
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 8516
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