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15 U.S.C. § 8518 — Observing System Simulation Experiments

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 8518 — Observing System Simulation Experiments

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_0b5a4d0f07a0f62c7824afcf
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-8518-observing-system-simulation-experiments--73fd6332fc.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 111, § 8518; chapter-111-weather-research-and-forecasting-innovation.md

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**(a) In general** In support of the requirements of [section 8516 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8516&num=0&edition=prelim), the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall undertake Observing System Simulation Experiments, or such other quantitative assessments as the Assistant Administrator considers appropriate, to quantitatively assess the relative value and benefits of observing capabilities and systems. Technical and scientific Observing System Simulation Experiment evaluations— (1) may include assessments of the impact of observing capabilities on— (A) global weather prediction; (B) hurricane track and intensity forecasting; (C) tornado warning lead times and accuracy; (D) prediction of mid-latitude severe local storm outbreaks; and (E) prediction of storms that have the potential to cause extreme precipitation and flooding lasting from 6 hours to 1 week; and (2) shall be conducted in cooperation with other appropriate entities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, other Federal agencies, the United States weather industry, and academic partners to ensure the technical and scientific merit of results from Observing System Simulation Experiments or other appropriate quantitative assessment methodologies. **(b) Requirements** Observing System Simulation Experiments shall quantitatively— (1) determine the potential impact of proposed space-based, suborbital, and in situ observing systems on analyses and forecasts, including potential impacts on extreme weather events across all parts of the Nation; (2) evaluate and compare observing system design options; and (3) assess the relative capabilities and costs of various observing systems and combinations of observing systems in providing data necessary to protect life and property. **(c) Implementation** Observing System Simulation Experiments— (1) shall be conducted prior to the acquisition of major Government-owned or Government-leased operational observing systems, including polar-orbiting and geostationary satellite systems, with a lifecycle cost of more than $500,000,000; and (2) shall be conducted prior to the purchase of any major new commercially provided data with a lifecycle cost of more than $500,000,000. **(d) Priority Observing System Simulation Experiments** (1) **Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation** — Not later than 30 days after April 18, 2017, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall complete an Observing System Simulation Experiment to assess the value of data from Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation. (2) **Geostationary hyperspectral sounder global constellation** — Not later than 120 days after April 18, 2017, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall complete an Observing System Simulation Experiment to assess the value of data from a geostationary hyperspectral sounder global constellation. **(e) Results** Upon completion of all Observing System Simulation Experiments, the Assistant Administrator shall make available to the public the results an assessment 11 So in original. of related private and public sector weather data sourcing options, including their availability, affordability, and cost-effectiveness. Such assessments shall be developed in accordance with [section 50503 of title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section50503&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 8516 — Weather research and development planning

Not later than 1 year after April 18, 2017, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather Service and the Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services, shall issue a research and development and research to operations plan to restore and maintain United States leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that— (1) describes the forecasting skill and technology goals, objectives, and progress of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in carrying out the program conducted under [section 8512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8512&num=0&edition=prelim); (2) identifies and prioritizes specific research and development activities, and performance metrics, weighted to meet the operational weather and flood-event mission of the National Weather Service to achieve a weather-ready Nation; (3) describes how the program will collaborate with stakeholders, including the United States weather industry and academic partners; and (4) identifies, through consultation with the National Science Foundation, the United States weather industry, and academic partners, research necessary to enhance the integration of social science knowledge into weather forecast and warning processes, including to improve the communication of threat information necessary to enable improved severe weather planning and decisionmaking on the part of individuals and communities.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 50503 — Anchor tenancy and termination liability

**(a) Anchor Tenancy Contracts.—** Subject to appropriations, the Administrator or the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may enter into multiyear anchor tenancy contracts for the purchase of a good or service if the appropriate Administrator determines that— (1) the good or service meets the mission requirements of the Administration or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as appropriate; (2) the commercially procured good or service is cost effective; (3) the good or service is procured through a competitive process; (4) existing or potential customers for the good or service other than the United States Government have been specifically identified; (5) the long-term viability of the venture is not dependent upon a continued Government market or other nonreimbursable Government support; and (6) private capital is at risk in the venture. **(b) Termination Liability.—** (1) **In general.—** — Contracts entered into under subsection (a) may provide for the payment of termination liability in the event that the Government terminates such contracts for its convenience. (2) **Fixed schedule of payments and limitation on liability.—** — Contracts that provide for the payment of termination liability, as described in paragraph (1), shall include a fixed schedule of such termination liability payments. Liability under such contracts shall not exceed the total payments which the Government would have made after the date of termination to purchase the good or service if the contract were not terminated. (3) **Use of funds.—** — Subject to appropriations, funds available for such termination liability payments may be used for purchase of the good or service upon successful delivery of the good or service pursuant to the

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 8518 — Computing resource efficiency improve-

Page 2430 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 8517 1 So in original. § 8517. Observing System Simulation Experi- ments (a) In general In support of the requirements of section 8516 of this title, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall under- take Observing System Simulation Experi- ments, or such other quantitative assessments as the Assistant Administrator considers appro- priate, to quantitatively assess the relative value and benefits of observing capabilities and systems. Technical and scientific Observing Sys- tem Simulation Experiment evaluations— (1) may include assessments of the impact of observing capabilities on— (A) global weather prediction; (B) hurricane track and intensity fore- casting; (C) tornado warning lead times and accu- racy; (D) prediction of mid-latitude severe local storm outbreaks; and (E) prediction of storms that have the po- tential to cause extreme precipitation and flooding lasting from 6 hours to 1 week; and (2) shall be conducted in cooperation with other appropriate entities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, other Federal agencies, the United States weather industry, and academic partners to ensure the technical and scientific merit of re- sults from Observing System Simulation Ex- periments or other appropriate quantitative assessment methodologies. (b) Requirements Observing System Simulation Experiments shall quantitatively— (1) determine the potential impact of pro- posed space-based, suborbital, and in situ ob- serving systems on analyses and forecasts, in- cluding potential impacts on extreme weather events across all parts of the Nation; (2) evaluate and compare observing system design options; and (3) assess the relative capabilities and costs o

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