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22 U.S.C. § 2656d — Responsibilities of Secretary of State
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Coordination and oversight over science and technology agreements between United States and foreign countries, etc.**
(1) In order to implement the policies set forth in [section 2656b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656b&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary of State (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall have primary responsibility for coordination and oversight with respect to all major science or science and technology agreements and activities between the United States and foreign countries, international organizations, or commissions of which the United States and one or more foreign countries are members.
(2) In coordinating and overseeing such agreements and activities, the Secretary shall consider (A) scientific merit; (B) equity of access as described in [section 2656c(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656c/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (C) possible commercial or trade linkages with the United States which may flow from the agreement or activity; (D) national security concerns; and (E) any other factors deemed appropriate.
(3) Prior to entering into negotiations on such an agreement or activity, the Secretary shall provide Federal agencies which have primary responsibility for, or substantial interest in, the subject matter of the agreement or activity, including those agencies responsible for—
(A) Federal technology management policies set forth by Public Law 96–517 and the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 [[15 U.S.C. 3701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(B) national security policies;
(C) United States t
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_19e73a647bef8e58e773f106
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2656d-responsibilities-of-secretary-of-state--19ba6f9e41.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 38, § 2656d; chapter-038-department-of-state.md
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**(a) Coordination and oversight over science and technology agreements between United States and foreign countries, etc.**
(1) In order to implement the policies set forth in [section 2656b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656b&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary of State (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall have primary responsibility for coordination and oversight with respect to all major science or science and technology agreements and activities between the United States and foreign countries, international organizations, or commissions of which the United States and one or more foreign countries are members.
(2) In coordinating and overseeing such agreements and activities, the Secretary shall consider (A) scientific merit; (B) equity of access as described in [section 2656c(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656c/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (C) possible commercial or trade linkages with the United States which may flow from the agreement or activity; (D) national security concerns; and (E) any other factors deemed appropriate.
(3) Prior to entering into negotiations on such an agreement or activity, the Secretary shall provide Federal agencies which have primary responsibility for, or substantial interest in, the subject matter of the agreement or activity, including those agencies responsible for—
(A) Federal technology management policies set forth by Public Law 96–517 and the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 [[15 U.S.C. 3701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(B) national security policies;
(C) United States trade policies; and
(D) relevant Executive orders,
with an opportunity to review the proposed agreement or activity to ensure its consistency with such policies and Executive orders, and to ensure effective interagency coordination.
**(b) Long-term contracts, grants, to obtain studies, etc., with respect to application of science and technology to foreign policy** The Secretary shall, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, enter into long-term contracts, including contracts for the services of consultants, and shall make grants and take other appropriate measures in order to obtain studies, analyses, and recommendations from knowledgeable persons and organizations with respect to the application of science or technology to problems of foreign policy.
**(c) Long-term and short-term contracts, grants, to train officers and employees in application of science and technology to problems of foreign policy** The Secretary shall, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, enter into short-term and long-term contracts, including contracts for the services of consultants, and shall make grants and take other appropriate measures in order to obtain assistance from knowledgeable persons and organizations in training officers and employees of the United States Government, at all levels of the Foreign Service and Civil Service—
(1) in the application of science and technology to problems of United States foreign policy and international relations generally; and
(2) in the skills of long-range planning and analysis with respect to the scientific and technological aspects of United States foreign policy.
**(d) Detached service for graduate studies** In obtaining assistance pursuant to subsection (c) in training personnel who are officers or employees of the Department of State, the Secretary may provide for detached service for graduate study at accredited colleges and universities.
**(e) Grants and cooperative agreements related to science and technology fellowship programs**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary is authorized to make grants or enter into cooperative agreements related to Department of State science and technology fellowship programs, including for assistance in recruiting fellows and the payment of stipends, travel, and other appropriate expenses to fellows.
(2) **Exclusion from consideration as compensation** — Stipends under paragraph (1) shall not be considered compensation for purposes of [section 209 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section209&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Maximum annual amount** — The total amount of grants made pursuant to this subsection may not exceed $2,000,000 in any fiscal year.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that:
(1) Technology and industrial innovation are central to the economic, environmental, and social well-being of citizens of the United States.
(2) Technology and industrial innovation offer an improved standard of living, increased public and private sector productivity, creation of new industries and employment opportunities, improved public services and enhanced competitiveness of United States products in world markets.
(3) Many new discoveries and advances in science occur in universities and Federal laboratories, while the application of this new knowledge to commercial and useful public purposes depends largely upon actions by business and labor. Cooperation among academia, Federal laboratories, labor, and industry, in such forms as technology transfer, personnel exchange, joint research projects, and others, should be renewed, expanded, and strengthened.
(4) Small businesses have performed an important role in advancing industrial and technological innovation.
(5) Industrial and technological innovation in the United States may be lagging when compared to historical patterns and other industrialized nations.
(6) Increased industrial and technological innovation would reduce trade deficits, stabilize the dollar, increase productivity gains, increase employment, and stabilize prices.
(7) Government antitrust, economic, trade, patent, procurement, regulatory, research and development, and tax policies have significant impacts upon industrial innovation and development of technology, but there is insufficient knowledge of their effects in particular sectors of the economy.
(8) No comprehensive national policy exists to enhance technological innovation for commercial and public purposes. There is a need for such a policy, in
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Applications; services; materials** The Director shall establish fees for the filing and processing of an application for the registration of a trademark or other mark and for all other services performed by and materials furnished by the Patent and Trademark Office related to trademarks and other marks. Fees established under this subsection may be adjusted by the Director once each year to reflect, in the aggregate, any fluctuations during the preceding 12 months in the Consumer Price Index, as determined by the Secretary of Labor. Changes of less than 1 percent may be ignored. No fee established under this section shall take effect until at least 30 days after notice of the fee has been published in the Federal Register and in the Official Gazette of the Patent and Trademark Office.
**(b) Waiver; Indian products** The Director may waive the payment of any fee for any service or material related to trademarks or other marks in connection with an occasional request made by a department or agency of the Government, or any officer thereof. The Indian Arts and Crafts Board will not be charged any fee to register Government trademarks of genuineness and quality for Indian products or for products of particular Indian tribes and groups.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section:
(1) **Contract.—** — The term “contract” means any actual or proposed contract, agreement, understanding, or other arrangement, and includes any assignment, substitution of parties, or subcontract executed or entered into thereunder.
(2) **Made.—** — The term “made”, when used in relation to any invention, means the conception or first actual reduction to practice of such invention.
(3) **Person.—** — The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, institution, or other entity.
**(b) Exclusive Property of United States.—**
(1) **In general.—** — An invention shall be the exclusive property of the United States if it is made in the performance of any work under any contract of the Administration, and the Administrator determines that—
(A) the person who made the invention was employed or assigned to perform research, development, or exploration work and the invention is related to the work the person was employed or assigned to perform, or was within the scope of the person’s employment duties, whether or not it was made during working hours, or with a contribution by the Government of the use of Government facilities, equipment, materials, allocated funds, information proprietary to the Government, or services of Government employees during working hours; or
(B) the person who made the invention was not employed or assigned to perform research, development, or exploration work, but the invention is nevertheless related to the contract, or to the work or duties the person was employed or assigned to perform, and was made during working hours, or with a contribution from the Government of the sort referred to in subparagraph (A).
(2) **Patent to united states.—** — If an invention is the exc
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever receives any salary, or any contribution to or supplementation of salary, as compensation for his services as an officer or employee of the executive branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, from any source other than the Government of the United States, except as may be contributed out of the treasury of any State, county, or municipality; orWhoever, whether an individual, partnership, association, corporation, or other organization pays, makes any contribution to, or in any way supplements, the salary of any such officer or employee under circumstances which would make its receipt a violation of this subsection— Shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Nothing herein prevents an officer or employee of the executive branch of the United States Government, or of any independent agency of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, from continuing to participate in a bona fide pension, retirement, group life, health or accident insurance, profit-sharing, stock bonus, or other employee welfare or benefit plan maintained by a former employer.
**(c)** This section does not apply to a special Government employee or to an officer or employee of the Government serving without compensation, whether or not he is a special Government employee, or to any person paying, contributing to, or supplementing his salary as such.
**(d)** This section does not prohibit payment or acceptance of contributions, awards, or other expenses under the terms of chapter 41 of title 5.
**(e)** This section does not prohibit the payment of actual relocati
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In order to maximize the benefits and to minimize the adverse consequences of science and technology in the conduct of foreign policy, the Congress declares the following to be the policy of the United States:
(1) Technological opportunities, impacts, changes, and threats should be anticipated and assessed, and appropriate measures should be implemented to influence such technological developments in ways beneficial to the United States and other countries.
(2) The mutually beneficial applications of technology in bilateral and multilateral agreements and activities involving the United States and foreign countries or international organizations should be recognized and supported as an important element of United States foreign policy.
(3) The United States Government should implement appropriate measures to insure that individuals are trained in the use of science and technology as an instrument in international relations and that officers and employees of the United States Government engaged in formal and informal exchanges of scientific and technical information, personnel, and hardware are knowledgeable in international affairs.
(4) In recognition of the environmental and technological factors that change relations among countries and in recognition of the growing interdependence between the domestic and foreign policies and programs of the United States, United States foreign policy should be continually reviewed by the executive and legislative branches of the Government to insure appropriate and timely application of science and technology to the conduct of United States foreign policy.
(5) Federally supported international science and technology agreements should be negotiated to ensure that—
(A) intellectual property rights are properly protected; and
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2656b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Fees.—** The Director shall charge the following fees:
(1) **Filing and basic national fees.—**
(A) On filing each application for an original patent, except for design, plant, or provisional applications, $330.
(B) On filing each application for an original design patent, $220.
(C) On filing each application for an original plant patent, $220.
(D) On filing each provisional application for an original patent, $220.
(E) On filing each application for the reissue of a patent, $330.
(F) The basic national fee for each international application filed under the treaty defined in section 351(a) entering the national stage under section 371, $330.
(G) In addition, excluding any sequence listing or computer program listing filed in an electronic medium as prescribed by the Director, for any application the specification and drawings of which exceed 100 sheets of paper (or equivalent as prescribed by the Director if filed in an electronic medium), $270 for each additional 50 sheets of paper (or equivalent as prescribed by the Director if filed in an electronic medium) or fraction thereof.
(2) **Excess claims fees.—**
(A) *In general.—* — In addition to the fee specified in paragraph (1)—
(i) on filing or on presentation at any other time, $220 for each claim in independent form in excess of 3;
(ii) on filing or on presentation at any other time, $52 for each claim (whether dependent or independent) in excess of 20; and
(iii) for each application containing a multiple dependent claim, $390.
(B) *Multiple dependent claims.—* — For the purpose of computing fees under subparagraph (A), a multiple dependent claim referred to in section 112 or any claim depending therefrom shall be considered as separate dependent claims in ac
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2024
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 3612
tributions from any person who if sued sepa-
rately, would have been liable to make the same
payment.
(d) Amounts recoverable; defendant’s attorneys’
fees
The amounts recoverable under this section
may include interest paid, reasonable attorneys’
fees, independent engineer and appraisers’ fees,
and court costs. A defendant may recover rea-
sonable attorneys’ fees if the court determines
that the cause of action filed by the plaintiff is
frivolous, malicious, or lacking in substantial
merit.
(Pub. L. 96–399, title VI, § 612, Oct. 8, 1980, 94
Stat. 1679.)
§ 3612. Concurrent State and Federal jurisdic-
tion; venue; removal of cases
The district courts of the United States, the
United States courts of any territory, and the
United States District Court for the District of
Columbia shall have jurisdiction under this
chapter and, concurrent with State courts, of
actions at law or in equity brought under this
chapter without regard to the amount in con-
troversy. Any such action may be brought in the
district wherein the defendant is found or is an
inhabitant or transacts business, or in the dis-
trict where the sale took place, and process in
such cases may be served in other districts of
which the defendant is an inhabitant or wher-
ever the defendant may be found. No case aris-
ing under this chapter and brought in any State
court of competent jurisdiction shall be removed
to any court of the United States, except where
any officer or employee of the United States in
his official capacity is a party.
(Pub. L. 96–399, title VI, § 613, Oct. 8, 1980, 94
Stat. 1679.)
§ 3613. Limitation of actions
No action shall be maintained to enforce any
right or liability created by this chapter unless
brought wi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 3701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1093
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2656d
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1988—Par. (5). Pub. L. 100–418 added par. (5).
§ 2656c. Responsibilities of President
(a) Identification, evaluation and initiation of
scientific and technological developments
The President, in consultation with the Direc-
tor of the Office of Science and Technology Pol-
icy and other officials whom the President con-
siders appropriate, shall—
(1) notwithstanding any other provision of
law, insure that the Secretary of State is in-
formed and consulted before any agency of the
United States Government takes any major
action, primarily involving science or tech-
nology, with respect to any foreign govern-
ment or international organization;
(2) identify and evaluate elements of major
domestic science and technology programs and
activities of the United States Government
with significant international implications;
(3) identify and evaluate international sci-
entific or technological developments with
significant implications for domestic pro-
grams and activities of the United States Gov-
ernment; and
(4) assess and initiate appropriate inter-
national scientific and technological activities
which are based upon domestic scientific and
technological activities of the United States
Government and which are beneficial to the
United States and foreign countries.
(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1111(b),
Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 723
(c) Disclosure of sensitive information
Except as otherwise provided by law, nothing
in this section shall be construed as requiring
the public disclosure of sensitive information re-
lating to intelligence sources or methods or to
persons engaged in monitoring scientific or
technological developments for intelligence pur-
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