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42 U.S.C. § 628c — Grants to States to enhance collaboration between State child welfare and juvenile justice systems
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purpose** The purpose of this section is to authorize the Secretary, in collaboration with the Attorney General and the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice—
(1) to make grants to State child welfare and juvenile justice agencies and child- and youth-serving agencies to collaborate in the collection of data relating to dual status youth; and
(2) to develop practices, policies, and protocols—
(A) to confront the challenges presented and experienced by dual status youth; and
(B) for the development of interoperable data systems.
**(b) Authority to award grants**
(1) **In general** — Subject to the availability of appropriations, from amounts reserved under [section 623(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section623/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall award competitive grants jointly to a State child welfare agency and a State juvenile justice agency to facilitate or enhance collaboration between the child welfare and juvenile justice systems of the State in order to carry out programs to address the needs of dual status youth and their families.
(2) **Length of grants**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), a grant shall be awarded under this section for a period of not less than 2 fiscal years and not more than 5 fiscal years.
(B) *Extension of grant* — Upon the application of the grantee, the Secretary may extend the period for which a grant is awarded under this section for not more than 2 fiscal years.
**(c) Additional requirements**
(1) **Application** — In order for a State to be eligible for a grant under this section, the State shall submit an application, subject to the approval of
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-628c-grants-to-states-to-enhance-collaboration-between-state-child-welfare-an--43f27dc673.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 7, § 628c; chapter-007-social-security.md
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**(a) Purpose** The purpose of this section is to authorize the Secretary, in collaboration with the Attorney General and the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice—
(1) to make grants to State child welfare and juvenile justice agencies and child- and youth-serving agencies to collaborate in the collection of data relating to dual status youth; and
(2) to develop practices, policies, and protocols—
(A) to confront the challenges presented and experienced by dual status youth; and
(B) for the development of interoperable data systems.
**(b) Authority to award grants**
(1) **In general** — Subject to the availability of appropriations, from amounts reserved under [section 623(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section623/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall award competitive grants jointly to a State child welfare agency and a State juvenile justice agency to facilitate or enhance collaboration between the child welfare and juvenile justice systems of the State in order to carry out programs to address the needs of dual status youth and their families.
(2) **Length of grants**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), a grant shall be awarded under this section for a period of not less than 2 fiscal years and not more than 5 fiscal years.
(B) *Extension of grant* — Upon the application of the grantee, the Secretary may extend the period for which a grant is awarded under this section for not more than 2 fiscal years.
**(c) Additional requirements**
(1) **Application** — In order for a State to be eligible for a grant under this section, the State shall submit an application, subject to the approval of the Secretary, that includes—
(A) a description of the proposed leadership collaboration group (including the membership of such group), and how such group will manage and oversee a review and analysis of current practices while working to jointly address enhanced practices to improve outcomes for dual status youth;
(B) a description of how the State proposes—
(i) to identify dual status youth;
(ii) to identify individuals who are at risk of becoming dual status youth;
(iii) to identify common characteristics shared by dual status youth in the State; and
(iv) to determine the prevalence of dual status youth in the State;
(C) a description of current and proposed practices and procedures that the State intends to use—
(i) to screen and assess dual status youth for risks and treatment needs;
(ii) to provide targeted and evidence-based services, including educational, behavioral health, and pro-social treatment interventions for dual status youth and their families; and
(iii) to provide for a lawful process to enhance or ensure the abilities of the State and any relevant agencies to share information and data about dual status youth, while maintaining confidentiality and privacy protections under Federal and State law; and
(D) a certification that the State has involved local governments, as appropriate, in the development, expansion, modification, operation, or improvement of proposed policy and practice reforms to address the needs of dual status youth.
(2) **No supplantation of other funds** — Any amounts paid to a State under a grant under this section shall be used to supplement and not supplant other State expenditures on dual status youths or children involved with either the child welfare or juvenile justice systems.
(3) **Evaluation** — Up to 10 percent of the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year shall be made available to the Secretary to evaluate the effectiveness of the projects funded under this section, using a methodology that—
(A) includes random assignment whenever feasible, or other research methods that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences when random assignment is not feasible; and
(B) generates evidence on the impact of specific projects, or groups of projects with identical (or similar) practices and procedures.
(4) **Report** — A State child welfare agency and a State juvenile justice agency receiving a grant under this section shall jointly submit to the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice, a report on the evaluation of the activities carried out under the grant at the end of each fiscal year during the period of the grant. Such report shall include—
(A) a description of the scope and nature of the dual status youth population in the State, including the number of dual status youth;
(B) a description of the evidence-based practices and procedures used by the agencies to carry out the activities described in clauses (i) through (iii) of paragraph (1)(C); and
(C) an analysis of the effects of such practices and procedures, including information regarding—
(i) the collection of data related to individual dual status youths;
(ii) aggregate data related to the dual status youth population, including—
(I) characteristics of dual status youths in the State;
(II) case processing timelines; and
(III) information related to case management, the provision of targeted services, and placements within the foster care or juvenile justice system; and
(iii) the extent to which such practices and procedures have contributed to—
(I) improved educational outcomes for dual status youths;
(II) fewer delinquency referrals for dual status youths;
(III) shorter stays in intensive restrictive placements for dual status youths; or
(IV) such other outcomes for dual status youths as the State child welfare agency and State juvenile justice agency may identify.
**(d) Training and technical assistance** The Secretary may support State child welfare agencies and State juvenile justice agencies by offering a program, developed in consultation with organizations and agencies with subject matter expertise, of training and technical assistance to assist such agencies in developing programs and protocols that draw on best practices for serving dual status youth in order to facilitate or enhance—
(1) collaboration between State child welfare agencies and State juvenile justice agencies; and
(2) the effectiveness of such agencies with respect to working with Federal agencies and child welfare and juvenile justice agencies from other States.
**(e) Report** Not later than 3 years after January 5, 2023, and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department of Justice shall jointly submit to the Committee on Finance and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives, a report on the grants provided under this section.
**(f) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Dual status youth** — The term “dual status youth” means a child who has come into contact with both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems and occupies various statuses in terms of the individual’s relationship to such systems.
(2) **Leadership collaboration group** — The term “leadership collaboration group” means a group composed of senior officials from the State child welfare agency, the State juvenile justice agency, and other relevant youth and family-serving public agencies and private organizations, including, to the extent practicable, representatives from the State judiciary branch.
(3) **State juvenile justice agency** — The term “State juvenile justice agency” means the agency of the State or Indian tribe responsible for administering grant funds awarded under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 ([34 U.S.C. 11101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section11101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(4) **State child welfare agency** — The term “State child welfare agency” means the State agency responsible for administering the program under this subpart, or, in the case of a tribal organization that is receiving payments under [section 628 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section628&num=0&edition=prelim), the tribal agency responsible for administering such program.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress finds the following:
(1) Although the juvenile violent crime arrest rate in 1999 was the lowest in the decade, there remains a consensus that the number of crimes and the rate of offending by juveniles nationwide is still too high.
(2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, allowing 1 youth to leave school for a life of crime and of drug abuse costs society $1,700,000 to $2,300,000 annually.
(3) One in every 6 individuals (16.2 percent) arrested for committing violent crime in 1999 was less than 18 years of age. In 1999, juveniles accounted for 9 percent of murder arrests, 17 percent of forcible rape arrests, 25 percent of robbery arrest, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, and 24 percent of weapons arrests.
(4) More than ½ of juvenile murder victims are killed with firearms. Of the nearly 1,800 murder victims less than 18 years of age, 17 percent of the victims less than 13 years of age were murdered with a firearm, and 81 percent of the victims 13 years of age or older were killed with a firearm.
(5) Juveniles accounted for 13 percent of all drug abuse violation arrests in 1999. Between 1990 and 1999, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations rose 132 percent.
(6) Over the last 3 decades, youth gang problems have increased nationwide. In the 1970’s, 19 States reported youth gang problems. By the late 1990’s, all 50 States and the District of Columbia reported gang problems. For the same period, the number of cities reporting youth gang problems grew 843 percent, and the number of counties reporting gang problems increased more than 1,000 percent.
(7) According to a national crime survey of individuals 12 years of age or older during 1999, those 12 to 19 years old are victims of violent crime at higher
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 11101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall conduct (directly, or by grant, contract, or interagency agreement) a national study based on random samples of children who are at risk of child abuse or neglect, or are determined by States to have been abused or neglected.
**(b) Requirements** The study required by subsection (a) shall—
(1) have a longitudinal component; and
(2) yield data reliable at the State level for as many States as the Secretary determines is feasible.
**(c) Preferred contents** In conducting the study required by subsection (a), the Secretary should—
(1) carefully consider selecting the sample from cases of confirmed abuse or neglect; and
(2) follow each case for several years while obtaining information on, among other things—
(A) the type of abuse or neglect involved;
(B) the frequency of contact with State or local agencies;
(C) whether the child involved has been separated from the family, and, if so, under what circumstances;
(D) the number, type, and characteristics of out-of-home placements of the child; and
(E) the average duration of each placement.
**(d) Reports**
(1) **In general** — From time to time, the Secretary shall prepare reports summarizing the results of the study required by subsection (a).
(2) **Availability** — The Secretary shall make available to the public any report prepared under paragraph (1), in writing or in the form of an electronic data tape.
(3) **Authority to charge fee** — The Secretary may charge and collect a fee for the furnishing of reports under paragraph (2).
**(e) Appropriation** Out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, there are appropriated to the Secretary for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002 $6,000,000 to carry out this section.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 628b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reservation of funds; direct payments** Out of any amount appropriated pursuant to [section 625 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section625&num=0&edition=prelim) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve 3 percent for grants to Indian tribes and tribal organizations, which shall be paid directly to Indian tribes and tribal organizations with a plan approved under this subpart, in accordance with [section 629c(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section629c/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Authority to streamline reporting requirements** The Secretary shall, in consultation with the affected Indian tribes, modify any reporting requirement imposed by or under this part on an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium if the total of the amounts allotted to the Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium under this part for the fiscal year is not more than $50,000, and in a manner that limits the administrative burden on any tribe to which not more than $50,000 is allotted under this subpart for the fiscal year.
**(c) Tribal authority to substitute the Federal negotiated indirect cost rate for administrative costs cap** For purposes of sections 622(b)(14) and 624(e) of this title, an Indian tribal organization may elect to have the weighted average of the indirect cost rates in effect under part 220 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. with respect to the administrative costs of the Indian tribal organization apply in lieu of the percentage specified in each such section.
**(d) “Indian tribe” and “tribal organization” defined** For purposes of this section, the terms “Indian
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 628
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the “Office”) shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Assistant Attorney General”) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations in support of the task force** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State, for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2021, $13,822,000 for Diplomatic and Consular Programs of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, which shall be used to carry out sections 7103(e), 7103(f),11 See References in Text note below. and 7107 of this title, including for additional personnel.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations to the Secretary of Health and Human Services**
(1) **Eligibility for benefits and assistance** — To carry out the purposes of sections 7104(b) and 7105(b) of this title and [section 628c of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section628c&num=0&edition=prelim), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services $19,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2021, of which $3,500,000 is authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year for the National Human Trafficking Hotline.
(2) **Additional benefits for trafficking victims** — To carry out the purposes of section 7105(f) 1 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated $8,000,000 to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2028.
(3) **Grants for State improvements** — To carry out the purposes of [section 20705a of title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section20705a&num=0&edition=prelim), there are authorized to be appropriated $4,000,000 to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2027.
**(c) Authorization of appropriations to the Secretary of State**
(1) **Assistance to combat trafficking** — There are authorized
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 7110
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraph (2), for each fiscal year, the sum appropriated pursuant to [section 625 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section625&num=0&edition=prelim) remaining after applying [section 628(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section628/a&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be allotted by the Secretary for use by cooperating State public welfare agencies which have plans developed jointly by the State agency and the Secretary as follows: The Secretary shall first allot $70,000 to each State, and shall then allot to each State an amount which bears the same ratio to the remainder of such sum as the product of (1) the population of the State under the age of twenty-one and (2) the allotment percentage of the State (as determined under this section) bears to the sum of the corresponding products of all the States.
(2) **Grants to States to enhance collaboration between State child welfare and juvenile justice systems** — For each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2023 for which the amount appropriated under [section 625 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section625&num=0&edition=prelim) for the fiscal year exceeds $270,000,000—
(A) the Secretary shall reserve from such excess amount such sums as are necessary for making grants under [section 628c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section628c&num=0&edition=prelim) for such fiscal year, not to exceed $10,000,000; and
(B) the remainder to be applied under paragraph (1) for purposes of making allotments to States for such fiscal year shall be determined after the Secretary firs
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 623
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 219
TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
§ 11101
Sec.
11212.
Eligibility; plan requirements.
11213.
Approval of applications.
11214.
Grants to private entities; staffing.
PART B—TRANSITIONAL LIVING GRANT PROGRAM
11221.
Authority for program.
11222.
Eligibility.
PART C—NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
11231.
Authority to make grants.
PART D—COORDINATING, TRAINING, RESEARCH, AND
OTHER ACTIVITIES
11241.
Coordination.
11242.
Grants for technical assistance and training.
11243.
Authority to make grants for research, eval-
uation, demonstration, and service projects.
11244.
Demonstration projects to provide services to
youth in rural areas.
11245.
Periodic estimate of incidence and prevalence
of youth homelessness.
PART E—SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM
11261.
Authority to make grants.
PART F—GENERAL PROVISIONS
11271.
Assistance to potential grantees.
11272.
Lease of surplus Federal facilities for use as
runaway and homeless youth centers or as
transitional living youth shelter facilities.
11273.
Reports.
11274.
Federal and non-Federal share; methods of
payment.
11275.
Restrictions on disclosure and transfer.
11276.
Consolidated review of applications.
11277.
Evaluation and information.
11278.
Performance standards.
11279.
Definitions.
11280.
Authorization of appropriations.
11281.
Restriction on use of funds.
SUBCHAPTER IV—MISSING CHILDREN
11291.
Findings.
11292.
Definitions.
11293.
Duties and functions of the Administrator.
11294.
Grants.
11295.
Criteria for grants.
11295a.
Reporting.
11296.
Oversight and accountability.
11297.
Authorization of appropriations.
11298.
Authority of Inspectors General.
SUBCHAPTER V—INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL
DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS
11311.
Definitio
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 34 U.S.C. § 11101
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 34 U.S.C. § 11101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2228
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 628a
quarters beginning on or after such date, with delay
permitted if either State legislation or tribal action is
required to meet additional requirements, see section
117 of Pub. L. 118–258, set out as a note under section 622
of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 109–288 effective Oct. 1, 2006,
and applicable to payments under this part and part E
of this subchapter for calendar quarters beginning on
or after such date, without regard to whether imple-
menting regulations have been promulgated, and with
delay permitted if State legislation is required to meet
additional requirements, see section 12(a), (b) of Pub. L.
109–288, set out as a note under section 621 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 104–193,
see section 395(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as a note
under section 654 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective with respect
to calendar quarters beginning on or after Oct. 1, 1993,
see section 13711(c) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note
under section 622 of this title.
§ 628a. Transferred
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section, act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, § 429, as
added Pub. L. 103–432, title II, § 205(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108
Stat. 4456, which related to child welfare traineeships,
was redesignated section 426(c) of act Aug. 14, 1935, by
Pub. L. 109–288, § 6(f)(2), Sept. 28, 2006, 120 Stat. 1247, and
is classified to section 626(c) of this title.
§ 628b. National random sample study of child
welfare
(a) In general
The Secretary shall conduct (directly, or by
grant, contract, or interagency agreement) a na-
tional study based on rando
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 628c
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