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42 U.S.C. § 16317 — Solar Fuels Research Initiative
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Initiative**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be known as the “Solar Fuels Research Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful for the practical development of experimental systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
(2) **Leveraging** — In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from—
(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science; and
(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
(3) **Teams**
(A) *In general* — In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
(B) *Goals* — The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals.
(C) *Resources* — The Secretary shall provide sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Secretary.
(4) **Additional activities** — The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
**(b) Artificial photosynthesis**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers t
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 149, § 16317; chapter-149-national-energy-policy-and-programs.md
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**(a) Initiative**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be known as the “Solar Fuels Research Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful for the practical development of experimental systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
(2) **Leveraging** — In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from—
(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science; and
(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
(3) **Teams**
(A) *In general* — In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
(B) *Goals* — The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals.
(C) *Resources* — The Secretary shall provide sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Secretary.
(4) **Additional activities** — The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
**(b) Artificial photosynthesis**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosynthetic systems.
(2) **Activities** — As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including—
(i) photoinduced production of hydrogen and oxygen from water; and
(ii) the sustainable photoinduced reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel products including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural gas; and
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
(3) **Standard of review** — The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
(4) **Funds** — Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
**(c) Biochemistry, replication of natural photosynthesis, and related processes**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to replicate natural photosynthetic processes by use of artificial photosynthetic components and materials.
(2) **Activities** — As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall support basic research to expand fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis processes, including—
(i) the photoinduced reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia;
(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide from ambient air;
(iii) molecular-based charge separation and storage;
(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; and
(v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic systems;
(B) the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall support systems biology and genomics approaches to understand genetic and physiological pathways connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and
(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
(3) **Standard of review** — The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
(4) **Funds** — Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall conduct, through the Office of Science, programs of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application in high energy physics, nuclear physics, biological and environmental research, basic energy sciences, advanced scientific computing research, and fusion energy sciences, including activities described in this part. The programs shall include support for facilities and infrastructure, education, outreach, information, analysis, and coordination activities.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities of the Office of Science, including activities authorized under this part (including the amounts authorized under the amendment made by section 976(b) 11 See References in Text note below. and including basic energy sciences, advanced scientific and computing research, biological and environmental research, fusion energy sciences, high energy physics, nuclear physics, research analysis, and infrastructure support)—
(1) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(2) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(3) $5,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(4) $5,814,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(5) $5,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
(6) $5,614,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and
(7) $6,007,000,000 for fiscal year 2013.
**(c) Allocations** From amounts authorized under subsection (b), the following sums are authorized:
(1) For activities under the Fusion Energy Sciences program (including activities under [section 16312 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16312&num=0&edition=prelim))—
(A) $355,500,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(B) $369,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 8866
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 16316
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic En-
ergy Sciences and the Associate Director of
Biological
and
Environmental
Research
shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale
electrochemical confinement for the purpose
of replicating and controlling new electro-
chemical behavior; and
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef-
ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support
translational research, development, and
validation of physical concepts developed
under the program.
(3) Standard of review
The Secretary shall review activities carried
out under the program described in paragraph
(1) to determine the achievement of technical
milestones.
(4) Funding
Of the funds authorized to be appropriated
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there
is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out activities under this sub-
section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023
through 2027.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 975, Aug. 8, 2005, 119
Stat. 903; Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 303(g)(1), for-
merly § 303(e)(1), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3143, re-
numbered § 303(g)(1), Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title
I, § 10102(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1409; Pub. L.
117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(c), Aug. 9, 2022, 136
Stat. 1415.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2022—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(1)(A),
added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(1)(B), added
subpar. (C).
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(2), added par.
(4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment,
text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the pro-
gram described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or ex-
pended for commercial application of energy tech-
nology.’’
Sub
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