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10 U.S.C. § 342 — Regional Centers for Security Studies
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Secretary of Defense shall administer the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies in accordance with this section as international venues for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.
**(b) Regional Centers Specified.—**
(1) A Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies is a Department of Defense institution that—
(A) is operated, and designated as such, by the Secretary of Defense for the study of security issues relating to a specified geographic region of the world; and
(B) serves as a forum for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.
(2) The Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies are the following:
(A) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, established in 1993 and located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
(B) The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, established in 1995 and located in Honolulu, Hawaii.
(C) The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, established in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C.
(D) The Africa Center for Strategic Studies, established in 1999 and located in Washington, D.C.
(E) The Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, established in 2000 and located in Washington, D.C.
(F) The Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies, established in 2021 and located in Anchorage, Alaska.
(3) No institution or element of the Department of Defense may be designated as a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for purposes of this section, other than the institutions specified in par
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 16, § 342; chapter-016-security-cooperation.md
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**(a) In General.—** The Secretary of Defense shall administer the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies in accordance with this section as international venues for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.
**(b) Regional Centers Specified.—**
(1) A Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies is a Department of Defense institution that—
(A) is operated, and designated as such, by the Secretary of Defense for the study of security issues relating to a specified geographic region of the world; and
(B) serves as a forum for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, exchange of ideas, and training involving military and civilian participants.
(2) The Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies are the following:
(A) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, established in 1993 and located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
(B) The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, established in 1995 and located in Honolulu, Hawaii.
(C) The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, established in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C.
(D) The Africa Center for Strategic Studies, established in 1999 and located in Washington, D.C.
(E) The Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, established in 2000 and located in Washington, D.C.
(F) The Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies, established in 2021 and located in Anchorage, Alaska.
(3) No institution or element of the Department of Defense may be designated as a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for purposes of this section, other than the institutions specified in paragraph (2).
**(c) Regulations.—** The administration of the Regional Centers under this section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.
**(d) Participation.—** Participants in activities of the Regional Centers may include United States and foreign military, civilian, and nongovernmental personnel.
**(e) Employment and Compensation of Faculty.—** At each Regional Center, the Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriations—
(1) employ a Director, a Deputy Director, and as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers as the Secretary considers necessary; and
(2) prescribe the compensation of such persons, in accordance with Federal guidelines.
**(f) Payment of Costs.—**
(1) Participation in activities of a Regional Center shall be on a reimbursable basis (or by payment in advance), except in a case in which reimbursement is waived in accordance with paragraph (3).
(2) For a foreign national participant, payment of costs may be made by the participant, the participant’s own government, by a Department or agency of the United States other than the Department of Defense, or by a gift or donation on behalf of one or more Regional Centers accepted under [section 2611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2611&num=0&edition=prelim) on behalf of the participant’s government.
(3)
(A) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for foreign military officers and foreign defense and security personnel if the Secretary determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States. Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to this paragraph shall be paid from appropriations available to the Regional Centers.
(B)
(i) The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, waive reimbursement otherwise required under this subsection of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for personnel of nongovernmental and international organizations who participate in activities of the Regional Centers that enhance cooperation of nongovernmental organizations and international organizations with United States forces if the Secretary of Defense determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States.
(ii) The amount of reimbursement that may be waived under clause (i) in any fiscal year may not exceed $1,000,000.
(4) Funds accepted for the payment of costs shall be credited to the appropriation then currently available to the Department of Defense for the Regional Center that incurred the costs. Funds so credited shall be merged with the appropriation to which credited and shall be available to that Regional Center for the same purposes and same period as the appropriation with which merged.
(5) Funds available for the payment of personnel expenses under [section 312 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section312&num=0&edition=prelim) are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.
(6) Funds available to carry out this section, including funds accepted under paragraph (4) and funds available under paragraph (5), shall be available, to the extent provided in appropriations Acts, for programs and activities under this section that begin in a fiscal year and end in the following fiscal year.
**(g) Support to Other Agencies.—** The Director of a Regional Center may enter into agreements with the Secretaries of the military departments, the heads of the Defense Agencies, and, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Defense, the heads of other Federal departments and agencies for the provision of services by that Regional Center under this section. Any such participating department and agency shall transfer to the Regional Center funds to pay the full costs of the services received.
**(h) Authorities Specific to Marshall Center.—**
(1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize participation by a European or Eurasian country in programs of the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies (in this subsection referred to as the “Marshall Center”) if the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State, that such participation is in the national interest of the United States.
(2)
(A) In the case of any person invited to serve without compensation on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors, the Secretary of Defense may waive any requirement for financial disclosure that would otherwise apply to that person solely by reason of service on such Board.
(B) A member of the Marshall Center Board of Visitors may not be required to register as an agent of a foreign government solely by reason of service as a member of the Board.
(C) Notwithstanding [section 219 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section219&num=0&edition=prelim), a non-United States citizen may serve on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors even though registered as a foreign agent.
(3)
(A) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Marshall Center for military officers and civilian officials from states located in Europe or the territory of the former Soviet Union if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States.
(B) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center.
**(i) Authorities Specific to Inouye Center.—**
(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the cost of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Daniel K. Inouye Center for Security Studies for military officers and civilian officials of foreign countries if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel, without reimbursement, is in the national security interest of the United States.
(2) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center.
**(j) Annual Review of Program Structure and Programs of Centers.—**
(1) The Secretary shall on an annual basis review the program and structure of each Regional Center in order to determine whether such Regional Center is appropriately aligned with the strategic priorities of the Department of Defense and the applicable geographic combatant commands.
(2) The Secretary may revise the program, structure, or both of a Regional Center following an annual review under paragraph (1) in order to more appropriately align the Regional Center with strategic priorities and the geographic combatant commands as described in that paragraph.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, being a public official, is or acts as an agent of a foreign principal required to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 or a lobbyist required to register under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 in connection with the representation of a foreign entity, as defined in section 3(6) of that Act shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both.
**(b)** Nothing in this section shall apply to the employment of any agent of a foreign principal as a special Government employee in any case in which the head of the employing agency certifies that such employment is required in the national interest. A copy of any certification under this paragraph shall be forwarded by the head of such agency to the Attorney General who shall cause the same to be filed with the registration statement and other documents filed by such agent, and made available for public inspection in accordance with section 6 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended.
**(c)** For the purpose of this section “public official” means Member of Congress, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified, or an officer or employee or person acting for or on behalf of the United States, or any department, agency, or branch of Government thereof, including the District of Columbia, in any official function, under or by authority of any such department, agency, or branch of Government.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 219
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority.—** The Secretary of Defense may pay expenses specified in subsection (b) that the Secretary considers necessary for theater security cooperation.
**(b) Types of Expenses.—** The expenses that may be paid under the authority provided in subsection (a) are the following:
(1) **Personnel expenses.—** — The Secretary of Defense may pay travel, subsistence, and similar personnel expenses of, and special compensation for, the following that the Secretary considers necessary for theater security cooperation:
(A) Defense personnel of friendly foreign governments.
(B) With the concurrence of the Secretary of State, other personnel of friendly foreign governments and non-governmental personnel.
(2) **Administrative services and support for liaison officers.—** — The Secretary of Defense may provide administrative services and support for the performance of duties by a liaison officer of a foreign country while the liaison officer is assigned temporarily to any headquarters in the Department of Defense.
(3) **Travel, subsistence, and medical care for liaison officers.—** — The Secretary of Defense may pay the expenses of a liaison officer in connection with the assignment of that officer as described in paragraph (2) if the assignment is requested by the commander of a combatant command, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Chief of Space Operations, or the head of a Defense Agency as follows:
(A) Travel and subsistence expenses.
(B) Personal expenses directly necessary to carry out the duties of that officer in connection with that assignment.
(C) Expenses for medical care at a civilian medical facility if—
(i) adequate medical care is no
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 312
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority to Accept Gifts and Donations.—**
(1) Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense may, on behalf of any Department of Defense regional center for security studies, any combination of such centers, or such centers generally, accept from any source specified in subsection (b) any gift or donation for purposes of defraying the costs or enhancing the operation of such a center, combination of centers, or centers generally, as the case may be.
(2) For purposes of this section, the Department of Defense regional centers for security studies are the following:
(A) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.
(B) The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.
(C) The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.
(D) The Africa Center for Strategic Studies.
(E) The Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies.
(F) The Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies.
**(b) Sources.—** The sources from which gifts and donations may be accepted under subsection (a) are the following:
(1) The government of a State or a political subdivision of a State.
(2) The government of a foreign country.
(3) A foundation or other charitable organization, including a foundation or charitable organization this is organized or operates under the laws of a foreign country.
(4) Any source in the private sector of the United States or a foreign country.
**(c) Limitation.—** The Secretary may not accept a gift or donation under subsection (a) if acceptance of the gift or donation would compromise or appear to compromise—
(1) the ability of the Department of Defense, any employee of the Department, or any member of the armed forces to carry out the responsibility or duty of the Department in a fair and obj
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2611
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment.—** The Secretary of Defense shall operate the Civilian Protection Center of Excellence. The purpose of the Center shall be to—
(1) serve as the focal point for matters related to civilian casualties and other forms of civilian harm resulting from military operations involving the United States Armed Forces; and
(2) institutionalize and advance knowledge, practices, and tools for preventing, mitigating, and responding to civilian harm.
**(b) Purpose.—** The Center shall be used to—
(1) develop standardized civilian-harm operational reporting and data management processes to improve data collection, sharing, and learning across the Department of Defense;
(2) develop, recommend, and review guidance, and the implementation of guidance, on how the Department responds to civilian harm;
(3) develop recommended guidance for addressing civilian harm across the full spectrum of armed conflict and for use in doctrine and operational plans;
(4) recommend training and exercises for the prevention and investigation of civilian harm;
(5) develop a repository of civilian casualty and civilian harm information;
(6) capture lessons learned from assessments and investigations of civilian casualty incidents and supporting institutionalization of such lessons learned within policy, doctrine, training, exercises, and tactics, techniques, and procedures of the Department of Defense;
(7) support the coordination and synchronization of efforts across combatant commands, the Department of State, and other relevant United States Government departments and agencies to prevent, mitigate, and respond to incidents of civilian harm;
(8) engage with nongovernmental organizations and civilian casualty experts; and
(9) perform such other functions as the Secretary of Defe
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 184
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1401(d)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2616; amended Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IX, § 905(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2093, related to the payment of personnel expenses for Latin American cooperation.
#### Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(h) [title VIII, § 8006], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1923.
Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, § 709, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1439.
Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(c) [title VII, § 709], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1851.
Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, § 709, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1579.
Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, § 709, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3081.
Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, § 709, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1153.
Pub. L. 95–457, title VIII, § 809, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1244.
Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, § 808, Sept. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 900.
Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, § 708, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1292.
Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, § 708, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 169.
Pub. L. 93–437, title VIII, § 808, Oct. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 1225.
Pub. L. 93–238, title VII, § 708, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1039.
Pub. L. 92–570, title VII, § 708, Oct. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 1197.
Pub. L. 92–204, title VII, § 708, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 728.
Pub. L. 91–668, title VIII, § 808, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2031.
Pub. L. 91–171, title VI, § 608, Dec. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 480.
Pub. L. 90–580, title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1130.
Pub. L. 90–96, title VI, § 607, Sept. 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 242.
Pub. L. 89–687, title VI, § 607, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 991.
Pub. L. 89–213, title VI, § 607, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 874.
Pub. L. 88–446, title V, § 507, Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 475.
Pub. L
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1050
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) There is a Secretary of Defense, who is the head of the Department of Defense, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(2) A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense—
(A) within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force in a grade below O–7; or
(B) within 10 years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force in the grade of O–7 or above.
**(b)** The Secretary is the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense. Subject to the direction of the President and to this title and section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3002](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3002&num=0&edition=prelim)) he has authority, direction, and control over the Department of Defense.
**(c)** The Secretary shall report annually in writing to the President and the Congress on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of the Department of Defense during the period covered by the report, together with—
(1) a report from each military department on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of that department;
(2) itemized statements showing the savings of public funds, and the eliminations of unnecessary duplications, made under sections 125 and 191 of this title; and
(3) such recommendations as he considers appropriate.
**(d)** Unless specifically prohibited by law, the Secretary may, without being relieved of his responsibility, perform any of his functions or duties, or exercise any of his powers through, or with the aid of, such persons in, or organizations of, the Department of Defense
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Annual Report Required.—** Not later than March 31 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that sets forth, on a country-by-country basis, an overview of security cooperation activities carried out by the Department of Defense during the fiscal year in which such report is submitted, using the authorities specified in subsection (b).
**(b) Elements of Report.—** Each report required under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to each country and for the entirety of the period covered by such report, the following:
(1) A narrative summary that provides—
(A) a brief overview of the primary security cooperation objectives for the activities encompassed by the report; and
(B) a description of how such activities advance the theater security cooperation strategy of the relevant geographic combatant command.
(2) A table that includes an aggregated amount with respect to each of the following:
(A) With respect to [section 331 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section331&num=0&edition=prelim), the value of all logistic support, supplies, and services for which notice is required by such section.
(B) With respect to amounts made available for [section 332(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section332/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the Department of Defense cost to provide any Department personnel as advisors to a ministry of defense.
(C) With respect to amounts made available for [section 332(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section332/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the Department of Defense incremental execution costs to conduct activities unde
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 386
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 385
TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES
§ 342
§ 342. Regional Centers for Security Studies
(a) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense
shall administer the Department of Defense Re-
gional Centers for Security Studies in accord-
ance with this section as international venues
for bilateral and multilateral research, commu-
nication, exchange of ideas, and training involv-
ing military and civilian participants.
(b) REGIONAL CENTERS SPECIFIED.—(1) A De-
partment of Defense Regional Center for Secu-
rity Studies is a Department of Defense institu-
tion that—
(A) is operated, and designated as such, by
the Secretary of Defense for the study of secu-
rity issues relating to a specified geographic
region of the world; and
(B) serves as a forum for bilateral and multi-
lateral research, communication, exchange of
ideas, and training involving military and ci-
vilian participants.
(2) The Department of Defense Regional Cen-
ters for Security Studies are the following:
(A) The George C. Marshall European Center
for Security Studies, established in 1993 and
located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
(B) The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center
for Security Studies, established in 1995 and
located in Honolulu, Hawaii.
(C) The William J. Perry Center for Hemi-
spheric Defense Studies, established in 1997
and located in Washington, D.C.
(D) The Africa Center for Strategic Studies,
established in 1999 and located in Washington,
D.C.
(E) The Near East South Asia Center for
Strategic Studies, established in 2000 and lo-
cated in Washington, D.C.
(F) The Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Secu-
rity Studies, established in 2021 and located in
Anchorage, Alaska.
(3) No institution or element of the Depart-
ment of Defense may be designated as a Depart-
ment of Defense Regional Cen
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 10 U.S.C. § 342
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.