7 U.S.C. § 5924 — Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initia-

Page 1795 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 5924 fice of Research and Development of the Envi- ronmental Protection Agency in order to avoid duplication of research activities. (g) Authorization of appropriations (1) In general There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary to carry out this section. (2) Withholdings from biotechnology outlays The Secretary of Agriculture shall withhold from outlays of the Department of Agriculture for research on biotechnology, as defined and determined by the Secretary, at least 2 per- cent of such amount for the purpose of making grants under this section for research on bio- technology risk assessment. (3) Application of funds Funds made available under this subsection shall be applied, to the maximum extent prac- ticable, to risk assessment research on all cat- egories identified in subsection (c). (Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1668, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3767; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, § 407(9), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7210, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7511(c)(21), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7511(c)(21), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. AMENDMENTS 2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7511(c)(21), sub- stituted ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’ for ‘‘Cooperative State Research, Education, and Ex- tension Service’’. 2002—Pub. L. 107–171 reenacted section catchline and amended text generally, substituting substantially similar provisions in subsecs. (a), (b), and (d) to (g), and substituting in subsec. (c), provisions relating to re- search priorities for provisions relating to types of re- search. 1991—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted ‘‘Withholdings’’ for ‘‘Witholdings’’ in heading. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as other- wise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. Amendment by section 7511(c)(21) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title. § 5921a. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7411, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1255, and Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7411, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2017 Section, Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10802, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 525, related to public information campaign regarding use of biotechnology in producing food for human consumption. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this sec- tion. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enact- ment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. § 5922. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10705(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 519 Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1669, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3768, related to Graduate School of Depart- ment of Agriculture. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of section effective Oct. 1, 2002, see section 10705(c) of Pub. L. 107–171, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 2279b of this title. § 5923. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, § 7207, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 881 Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1670, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, § 6202, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 419; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7511(c)(22), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7511(c)(22), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031, related to rural electronic commerce extension program. Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 5923, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1670, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3769; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, § 407(10), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, § 834, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1169, authorized establishment of livestock product safety and inspec- tion program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–185, title III, § 302(c), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 563. § 5924. Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initia- tive (a) Goals The goals of this section are— (1) to expand knowledge concerning genomes and phenomes of crops and animals of impor- tance to the agriculture sector of the United States; (2) to understand how variable weather, en- vironments, and production systems impact the growth and productivity of specific vari- eties of crops and species of animals in order to provide greater accuracy in predicting crop and animal performance under variable condi- tions; (3) to support research that leverages plant and animal genomic information with phenotypic and environmental data through an interdisciplinary framework, leading to a novel understanding of plant and animal proc- esses that affect growth, productivity, and the ability to predict performance, which will re- sult in the deployment of superior varieties Page 1796 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 5924 and species to producers and improved crop and animal management recommendations for farmers and ranchers; (4) to catalyze and coordinate research that links genomics and predictive phenomics at different sites across the United States to achieve advances in crops and animals that generate societal benefits; (5) to combine fields such as genetics, genomics, plant physiology, agronomy, clima- tology, and crop modeling with computation and informatics, statistics, and engineering; (6) to combine fields such as genetics, genomics, animal physiology, meat science, animal nutrition, and veterinary science with computation and informatics, statistics, and engineering; (7) to focus on crops and animals that will yield scientifically important results that will enhance the usefulness of many other crops and animals; (8) to build on genomic research, such as the Plant Genome Research Project and the Na- tional Animal Genome Research Program, to understand gene function in production envi- ronments that is expected to have consider- able returns for crops and animals of impor- tance to the agriculture of the United States; (9) to develop improved data analytics to en- hance understanding of the biological function of genes; (10) to allow resources developed under this section, including data, software, germplasm, and other biological materials, to be openly accessible to all persons, subject to any con- fidentiality requirements imposed by law; and (11) to encourage international partnerships with each partner country responsible for fi- nancing its own research. (b) Duties of Secretary The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall conduct a research initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Agricul- tural Genome to Phenome Initiative’’, for the purpose of— (1) studying agriculturally significant crops and animals in production environments to achieve sustainable and secure agricultural production; (2) ensuring that current gaps in existing knowledge of agricultural crop and animal ge- netics and phenomics are filled; (3) identifying and developing a functional understanding of relevant genes from animals and agronomically relevant genes from crops that are of importance to the agriculture sec- tor of the United States; (4) ensuring future genetic improvement of crops and animals of importance to the agri- culture sector of the United States; (5) studying the relevance of diverse germplasm as a source of unique genes that may be of importance in the future; (6) enhancing genetics to reduce the eco- nomic impact of pathogens on crops and ani- mals of importance to the agriculture sector of the United States; (7) disseminating findings to relevant audi- ences; and (8) otherwise carrying out this section. (c) Grants and cooperative agreements (1) Authority The Secretary, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, may make grants or enter into cooperative agreements with individuals and organizations in accord- ance with section 3318 of this title. (2) Competitive basis A grant or cooperative agreement under this subsection shall be made or entered into on a competitive basis. (3) Consortia The Secretary shall encourage awards under this section to consortia of eligible entities. (d) Administration Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B) of sub- section (b) of section 3157 of this title shall apply with respect to the making of a grant or cooperative agreement under this section. (e) Consultation with National Academy of Sciences The Secretary may use funds made available under this section to consult with the National Academy of Sciences regarding the administra- tion of the Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative. (f) Matching funds requirement (1) In general Subject to paragraph (3), with respect to a grant or cooperative agreement under this sec- tion that provides a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, the recipient of funds under the grant or cooperative agree- ment shall provide non-Federal matching funds (including funds from an agricultural commodity promotion, research, and informa- tion program) equal to not less than the amount provided under the grant or coopera- tive agreement. (2) In-kind support Non-Federal matching funds described in paragraph (1) may include in-kind support. (3) Waiver The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement under paragraph (1) with re- spect to a research project if the Secretary de- termines that— (A) the results of the project are of a par- ticular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, but those results are likely to be applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or (B)(i) the project— (I) involves a minor commodity; and (II) deals with scientifically important research; and (ii) the recipient is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement. (g) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000 for each of fis- cal years 2019 through 2023. (Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1671, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3769; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1011(s), Page 1797 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 5925 Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, § 835, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, § 241, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7208(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7406(d)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1252; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7406(d)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2013; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §§ 7128(b)(2)(B), 7208, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 878, 881; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §§ 7208, 7614(b)(2)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4805, 4834.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(1), inserted ‘‘to Phenome’’ after ‘‘Genome’’ in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(2), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to goals for the Agricultural Genome Initiative. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(3), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to du- ties of the Secretary of Agriculture under the Agricul- tural Genome Initiative. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(4), inserted ‘‘, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,’’ after ‘‘The Secretary’’. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(5), inserted ‘‘to Phenome’’ after ‘‘Genome’’. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B), added sub- sec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(6), added subsec. (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B)(i), redesig- nated subsec. (f) as (g). 2014—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7208, added par. (3). Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7128(b)(2)(B), redesig- nated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to matching of funds. 2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7406(d)(2), sub- stituted ‘‘Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)’’ for ‘‘Para- graphs (1), (6), (7), and (11)’’. 2002—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(1), in- serted ‘‘pathogens and’’ before ‘‘diseases causing eco- nomic hardship’’. Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(2)–(4), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8). 1998—Pub. L. 105–185 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting present provisions for pro- visions which in subsec. (a) required plant genome map- ping program, in subsec. (b) authorized competitive grants for research projects, in subsec. (c) described re- search areas for projects, in subsec. (d) set forth dead- line for submission of plan for awarding grants, in sub- sec. (e) directed coordination of section activities with certain related activities, in subsec. (f) required protec- tion of proprietary interests when considered to be ap- propriate, and in subsec. (g) authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to carry out this section. 1996—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127 inserted ‘‘for fiscal years 1996 and 1997’’ after ‘‘appropriated’’. 1995—Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which required Secretary to submit annual reports to Congress describing operations of grant program for plant genome mapping. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as other- wise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. Amendment by section 7406(d)(2) of Pub. L. 110–246 in- applicable to any solicitation for grant applications issued by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service before June 18, 2008, see section 7406(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 3157 of this title. § 5925. High-priority research and extension ini- tiatives (a) Competitive specialized research and exten- sion grants authorized (1) In general The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) may make competitive grants to support research and ex- tension activities specified in subsections (d) through (g). (2) Matching funds requirement (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (C), an entity re- ceiving a grant under paragraph (1) shall provide non-Federal matching funds (includ- ing funds from an agricultural commodity promotion, research, and information pro- gram) equal to not less than the amount of the grant. (B) In-kind support Non-Federal matching funds described in subparagraph (A) may include in-kind sup- port. (C) Waiver The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement under subparagraph (A) with respect to a research project if the Sec- retary determines that— (i) the results of the project are of a par- ticular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, but those results are likely to be applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or (ii)(I) the project— (aa) involves a minor commodity; and (bb) deals with scientifically important research; and (II) the recipient is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement. (3) Consultation The Secretary shall make the grants in con- sultation with the National Agricultural Re- search, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. (b) Administration (1) In general Except as otherwise provided in this section, paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B) of sub-