33 U.S.C. § 1321 — Oil and hazardous substance liability

Page 483 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 1 So in original. 2 See References in Text note below. shall be for each day (including travel-time) during which they are performing board busi- ness, entitled to receive compensation at a rate fixed by the Administrator but not in excess of the maximum rate of pay for grade GS–18, as provided in the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, and shall, notwithstanding the limitations of sections 5703 and 5704 of title 5, be fully reimbursed for travel, subsistence and re- lated expenses. (f) Enforcement proceedings When any such recommendation adopted by the Administrator involves the institution of enforcement proceedings against any person to obtain the abatement of pollution subject to such recommendation, the Administrator shall institute such proceedings if he believes that the evidence warrants such proceedings. The district court of the United States shall consider and de- termine de novo all relevant issues, but shall re- ceive in evidence the record of the proceedings before the conference or hearing board. The court shall have jurisdiction to enter such judg- ment and orders enforcing such judgment as it deems appropriate or to remand such pro- ceedings to the Administrator for such further action as it may direct. (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title III, § 310, as added Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 860.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO GS–16, 17, OR 18 PAY RATES References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees, see section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5. § 1321. Oil and hazardous substance liability (a) Definitions For the purpose of this section, the term— (1) ‘‘oil’’ means oil of any kind or in any form, including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixed with wastes other than dredged spoil; (2) ‘‘discharge’’ includes, but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping, but excludes (A) discharges in compliance with a permit under section 1342 of this title, (B) discharges resulting from circumstances identified and reviewed and made a part of the public record with respect to a permit issued or modified under section 1342 of this title, and subject to a condition in such permit,,1 (C) continuous or anticipated intermittent discharges from a point source, identified in a permit or permit application under section 1342 of this title, which are caused by events occurring within the scope of relevant operating or treatment systems, and (D) discharges incidental to me- chanical removal authorized by the President under subsection (c) of this section; (3) ‘‘vessel’’ means every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water other than a public vessel; (4) ‘‘public vessel’’ means a vessel owned or bareboat-chartered and operated by the United States, or by a State or political subdivision thereof, or by a foreign nation, except when such vessel is engaged in commerce; (5) ‘‘United States’’ means the States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the North- ern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; (6) ‘‘owner or operator’’ means (A) in the case of a vessel, any person owning, operating, or chartering by demise, such vessel, and (B) in the case of an onshore facility, and an off- shore facility, any person owning or operating such onshore facility or offshore facility, and (C) in the case of any abandoned offshore facil- ity, the person who owned or operated such fa- cility immediately prior to such abandon- ment; (7) ‘‘person’’ includes an individual, firm, corporation, association, and a partnership; (8) ‘‘remove’’ or ‘‘removal’’ refers to contain- ment and removal of the oil or hazardous sub- stances from the water and shorelines or the taking of such other actions as may be nec- essary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate dam- age to the public health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, and public and private property, shorelines, and beaches; (9) ‘‘contiguous zone’’ means the entire zone established or to be established by the United States under article 24 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone; (10) ‘‘onshore facility’’ means any facility (including, but not limited to, motor vehicles and rolling stock) of any kind located in, on, or under, any land within the United States other than submerged land; (11) ‘‘offshore facility’’ means any facility of any kind located in, on, or under, any of the navigable waters of the United States, any fa- cility of any kind which is subject to the juris- diction of the United States and is located in, on, or under any other waters, other than a vessel or a public vessel, and, for the purposes of applying subsections (b), (c), (e), and (o), any foreign offshore unit (as defined in section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act 2) or any other fa- cility located seaward of the exclusive eco- nomic zone; (12) ‘‘act of God’’ means an act occasioned by an unanticipated grave natural disaster; (13) ‘‘barrel’’ means 42 United States gallons at 60 degrees Fahrenheit; (14) ‘‘hazardous substance’’ means any sub- stance designated pursuant to subsection (b)(2) of this section; (15) ‘‘inland oil barge’’ means a non-self-pro- pelled vessel carrying oil in bulk as cargo and certificated to operate only in the inland wa- ters of the United States, while operating in such waters; (16) ‘‘inland waters of the United States’’ means those waters of the United States lying Page 484 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 inside the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured and those waters outside such baseline which are a part of the Gulf Intra- coastal Waterway; (17) ‘‘otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’’ means subject to the juris- diction of the United States by virtue of United States citizenship, United States vessel documentation or numbering, or as provided for by international agreement to which the United States is a party; (18) ‘‘Area Committee’’ means an Area Com- mittee established under subsection (j); (19) ‘‘Area Contingency Plan’’ means an Area Contingency Plan prepared under subsection (j); (20) ‘‘Coast Guard District Response Group’’ means a Coast Guard District Response Group established under subsection (j); (21) ‘‘Federal On-Scene Coordinator’’ means a Federal On-Scene Coordinator designated in the National Contingency Plan; (22) ‘‘National Contingency Plan’’ means the National Contingency Plan prepared and pub- lished under subsection (d); (23) ‘‘National Response Unit’’ means the National Response Unit established under sub- section (j); (24) ‘‘worst case discharge’’ means— (A) in the case of a vessel, a discharge in adverse weather conditions of its entire cargo; and (B) in the case of an offshore facility or on- shore facility, the largest foreseeable dis- charge in adverse weather conditions; (25) ‘‘removal costs’’ means— (A) the costs of removal of oil or a haz- ardous substance that are incurred after it is discharged; and (B) in any case in which there is a substan- tial threat of a discharge of oil or a haz- ardous substance, the costs to prevent, mini- mize, or mitigate that threat; (26) ‘‘nontank vessel’’ means a self-propelled vessel that— (A) is at least 400 gross tons as measured under section 14302 of title 46 or, for vessels not measured under that section, as meas- ured under section 14502 of that title; (B) is not a tank vessel; (C) carries oil of any kind as fuel for main propulsion; and (D) operates on the navigable waters of the United States, as defined in section 2101(23) of that title; (27) the term ‘‘best available science’’ means science that— (A) maximizes the quality, objectivity, and integrity of information, including statis- tical information; (B) uses peer-reviewed and publicly avail- able data; and (C) clearly documents and communicates risks and uncertainties in the scientific basis for such projects; (28) the term ‘‘Chairperson’’ means the Chairperson of the Council; (29) the term ‘‘coastal political subdivision’’ means any local political jurisdiction that is immediately below the State level of govern- ment, including a county, parish, or borough, with a coastline that is contiguous with any portion of the United States Gulf of Mexico; (30) the term ‘‘Comprehensive Plan’’ means the comprehensive plan developed by the Council pursuant to subsection (t); (31) the term ‘‘Council’’ means the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council estab- lished pursuant to subsection (t); (32) the term ‘‘Deepwater Horizon oil spill’’ means the blowout and explosion of the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon that occurred on April 20, 2010, and resulting hydro- carbon releases into the environment; (33) the term ‘‘Gulf Coast region’’ means— (A) in the Gulf Coast States, the coastal zones (as that term is defined in section 1453 of title 16),1 except that, in this section, the term ‘‘coastal zones’’ includes land within the coastal zones that is held in trust by, or the use of which is by law subject solely to the discretion of, the Federal Government or officers or agents of the Federal Govern- ment)) 1 that border the Gulf of Mexico; (B) any adjacent land, water, and water- sheds, that are within 25 miles of the coastal zones described in subparagraph (A) of the Gulf Coast States; and (C) all Federal waters in the Gulf of Mex- ico; (34) the term ‘‘Gulf Coast State’’ means any of the States of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas; and (35) the term ‘‘Trust Fund’’ means the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund established pur- suant to section 1602 of the Resources and Eco- systems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012. (b) Congressional declaration of policy against discharges of oil or hazardous substances; designation of hazardous substances; study of higher standard of care incentives and re- port to Congress; liability; penalties; civil ac- tions: penalty limitations, separate offenses, jurisdiction, mitigation of damages and costs, recovery of removal costs, alternative rem- edies, and withholding clearance of vessels (1) The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States that there should be no discharges of oil or hazardous substances into or upon the navigable waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, or into or upon the waters of the contiguous zone, or in connection with activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.] or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 [33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.], or which may affect natural resources be- longing to, appertaining to, or under the exclu- sive management authority of the United States (including resources under the Magnuson-Ste- vens Fishery Conservation and Management Act [16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.]). (2)(A) The Administrator shall develop, pro- mulgate, and revise as may be appropriate, regu- lations designating as hazardous substances, other than oil as defined in this section, such elements and compounds which, when dis- charged in any quantity into or upon the navi- Page 485 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 gable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines or the waters of the contiguous zone or in connection with activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.] or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 [33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.], or which may affect natural re- sources belonging to, appertaining to, or under the exclusive management authority of the United States (including resources under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act [16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.]), present an imminent and substantial danger to the pub- lic health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shorelines, and beach- es. (B) The Administrator shall within 18 months after the date of enactment of this paragraph, conduct a study and report to the Congress on methods, mechanisms, and procedures to create incentives to achieve a higher standard of care in all aspects of the management and movement of hazardous substances on the part of owners, operators, or persons in charge of onshore facili- ties, offshore facilities, or vessels. The Adminis- trator shall include in such study (1) limits of li- ability, (2) liability for third party damages, (3) penalties and fees, (4) spill prevention plans, (5) current practices in the insurance and banking industries, and (6) whether the penalty enacted in subclause (bb) of clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) of subsection (b)(2) of section 311 of Public Law 92–500 should be enacted. (3) The discharge of oil or hazardous sub- stances (i) into or upon the navigable waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, or into or upon the waters of the contiguous zone, or (ii) in connection with activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.] or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 [33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.], or which may affect natural re- sources belonging to, appertaining to, or under the exclusive management authority of the United States (including resources under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act [16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.]), in such quantities as may be harmful as determined by the President under paragraph (4) of this sub- section, is prohibited, except (A) in the case of such discharges into the waters of the contig- uous zone or which may affect natural resources belonging to, appertaining to, or under the ex- clusive management authority of the United States (including resources under the Magnu- son-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Manage- ment Act), where permitted under the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, and (B) where permitted in quantities and at times and locations or under such circumstances or conditions as the President may, by regula- tion, determine not to be harmful. Any regula- tions issued under this subsection shall be con- sistent with maritime safety and with marine and navigation laws and regulations and appli- cable water quality standards. (4) The President shall by regulation deter- mine for the purposes of this section those quan- tities of oil and any hazardous substances the discharge of which may be harmful to the public health or welfare or the environment of the United States, including but not limited to fish, shellfish, wildlife, and public and private prop- erty, shorelines, and beaches. (5) Any person in charge of a vessel or of an onshore facility or an offshore facility shall, as soon as he has knowledge of any discharge of oil or a hazardous substance from such vessel or fa- cility in violation of paragraph (3) of this sub- section, immediately notify the appropriate agency of the United States Government of such discharge. The Federal agency shall imme- diately notify the appropriate State agency of any State which is, or may reasonably be ex- pected to be, affected by the discharge of oil or a hazardous substance. Any such person (A) in charge of a vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of para- graph (3)(i) of this subsection, or (B) in charge of a vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of paragraph (3)(ii) of this subsection and who is otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States at the time of the discharge, or (C) in charge of an onshore facility or an offshore facility, who fails to no- tify immediately such agency of such discharge shall, upon conviction, be fined in accordance with title 18, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both. Notification received pursuant to this paragraph shall not be used against any such natural person in any criminal case, except a prosecution for perjury or for giving a false statement. (6) ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES.— (A) VIOLATIONS.—Any owner, operator, or person in charge of any vessel, onshore facil- ity, or offshore facility— (i) from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of paragraph (3), or (ii) who fails or refuses to comply with any regulation issued under subsection (j) to which that owner, operator, or person in charge is subject, may be assessed a class I or class II civil pen- alty by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, the Sec- retary of Transportation, or the Adminis- trator. (B) CLASSES OF PENALTIES.— (i) CLASS I.—The amount of a class I civil penalty under subparagraph (A) may not ex- ceed $10,000 per violation, except that the maximum amount of any class I civil pen- alty under this subparagraph shall not ex- ceed $25,000. Before assessing a civil penalty under this clause, the Administrator or Sec- retary, as the case may be, shall give to the person to be assessed such penalty written notice of the Administrator’s or Secretary’s proposal to assess the penalty and the oppor- tunity to request, within 30 days of the date the notice is received by such person, a hear- ing on the proposed penalty. Such hearing shall not be subject to section 554 or 556 of title 5, but shall provide a reasonable oppor- tunity to be heard and to present evidence. (ii) CLASS II.—The amount of a class II civil penalty under subparagraph (A) may not exceed $10,000 per day for each day dur- ing which the violation continues; except that the maximum amount of any class II civil penalty under this subparagraph shall not exceed $125,000. Except as otherwise pro- Page 486 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 vided in this subsection, a class II civil pen- alty shall be assessed and collected in the same manner, and subject to the same provi- sions, as in the case of civil penalties as- sessed and collected after notice and oppor- tunity for a hearing on the record in accord- ance with section 554 of title 5. The Adminis- trator and Secretary may issue rules for dis- covery procedures for hearings under this paragraph. (C) RIGHTS OF INTERESTED PERSONS.— (i) PUBLIC NOTICE.—Before issuing an order assessing a class II civil penalty under this paragraph the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, shall provide public no- tice of and reasonable opportunity to com- ment on the proposed issuance of such order. (ii) PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE.—Any per- son who comments on a proposed assessment of a class II civil penalty under this para- graph shall be given notice of any hearing held under this paragraph and of the order assessing such penalty. In any hearing held under this paragraph, such person shall have a reasonable opportunity to be heard and to present evidence. (iii) RIGHTS OF INTERESTED PERSONS TO A HEARING.—If no hearing is held under sub- paragraph (B) before issuance of an order as- sessing a class II civil penalty under this paragraph, any person who commented on the proposed assessment may petition, with- in 30 days after the issuance of such order, the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, to set aside such order and to pro- vide a hearing on the penalty. If the evi- dence presented by the petitioner in support of the petition is material and was not con- sidered in the issuance of the order, the Ad- ministrator or Secretary shall immediately set aside such order and provide a hearing in accordance with subparagraph (B)(ii). If the Administrator or Secretary denies a hearing under this clause, the Administrator or Sec- retary shall provide to the petitioner, and publish in the Federal Register, notice of and the reasons for such denial. (D) FINALITY OF ORDER.—An order assessing a class II civil penalty under this paragraph shall become final 30 days after its issuance unless a petition for judicial review is filed under subparagraph (G) or a hearing is re- quested under subparagraph (C)(iii). If such a hearing is denied, such order shall become final 30 days after such denial. (E) EFFECT OF ORDER.—Action taken by the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, under this paragraph shall not affect or limit the Administrator’s or Secretary’s au- thority to enforce any provision of this chap- ter; except that any violation— (i) with respect to which the Adminis- trator or Secretary has commenced and is diligently prosecuting an action to assess a class II civil penalty under this paragraph, or (ii) for which the Administrator or Sec- retary has issued a final order assessing a class II civil penalty not subject to further judicial review and the violator has paid a penalty assessed under this paragraph, shall not be the subject of a civil penalty ac- tion under section 1319(d), 1319(g), or 1365 of this title or under paragraph (7). (F) EFFECT OF ACTION ON COMPLIANCE.—No action by the Administrator or Secretary under this paragraph shall affect any person’s obligation to comply with any section of this chapter. (G) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Any person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this paragraph or who commented on the proposed assessment of such penalty in accordance with subparagraph (C) may obtain review of such assessment— (i) in the case of assessment of a class I civil penalty, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or in the district in which the violation is alleged to have occurred, or (ii) in the case of assessment of a class II civil penalty, in United States Court of Ap- peals for the District of Columbia Circuit or for any other circuit in which such person resides or transacts business, by filing a notice of appeal in such court with- in the 30-day period beginning on the date the civil penalty order is issued and by simulta- neously sending a copy of such notice by cer- tified mail to the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, and the Attorney General. The Administrator or Secretary shall prompt- ly file in such court a certified copy of the record on which the order was issued. Such court shall not set aside or remand such order unless there is not substantial evidence in the record, taken as a whole, to support the find- ing of a violation or unless the Administra- tor’s or Secretary’s assessment of the penalty constitutes an abuse of discretion and shall not impose additional civil penalties for the same violation unless the Administrator’s or Secretary’s assessment of the penalty con- stitutes an abuse of discretion. (H) COLLECTION.—If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty— (i) after the assessment has become final, or (ii) after a court in an action brought under subparagraph (G) has entered a final judgment in favor of the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, the Administrator or Secretary shall request the Attorney General to bring a civil action in an appropriate district court to recover the amount assessed (plus interest at currently prevailing rates from the date of the final order or the date of the final judgment, as the case may be). In such an action, the validity, amount, and appropriateness of such penalty shall not be subject to review. Any person who fails to pay on a timely basis the amount of an assessment of a civil penalty as described in the first sentence of this subparagraph shall be required to pay, in addition to such amount and interest, attorneys fees and costs for col- lection proceedings and a quarterly non- payment penalty for each quarter during which such failure to pay persists. Such non- payment penalty shall be in an amount equal to 20 percent of the aggregate amount of such Page 487 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 person’s penalties and nonpayment penalties which are unpaid as of the beginning of such quarter. (I) SUBPOENAS.—The Administrator or Sec- retary, as the case may be, may issue sub- poenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of relevant pa- pers, books, or documents in connection with hearings under this paragraph. In case of con- tumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued pursuant to this subparagraph and served upon any person, the district court of the United States for any district in which such person is found, resides, or transacts business, upon ap- plication by the United States and after notice to such person, shall have jurisdiction to issue an order requiring such person to appear and give testimony before the administrative law judge or to appear and produce documents be- fore the administrative law judge, or both, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. (7) CIVIL PENALTY ACTION.— (A) DISCHARGE, GENERALLY.—Any person who is the owner, operator, or person in charge of any vessel, onshore facility, or offshore facil- ity from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of paragraph (3), shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount up to $25,000 per day of violation or an amount up to $1,000 per barrel of oil or unit of reportable quantity of hazardous substances discharged. (B) FAILURE TO REMOVE OR COMPLY.—Any person described in subparagraph (A) who, without sufficient cause— (i) fails to properly carry out removal of the discharge under an order of the Presi- dent pursuant to subsection (c); or (ii) fails to comply with an order pursuant to subsection (e)(1)(B); shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount up to $25,000 per day of violation or an amount up to 3 times the costs incurred by the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund as a result of such failure. (C) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REGULATION.— Any person who fails or refuses to comply with any regulation issued under subsection (j) shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount up to $25,000 per day of violation. (D) GROSS NEGLIGENCE.—In any case in which a violation of paragraph (3) was the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct of a person described in subparagraph (A), the per- son shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $100,000, and not more than $3,000 per barrel of oil or unit of reportable quantity of hazardous substance discharged. (E) JURISDICTION.—An action to impose a civil penalty under this paragraph may be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the defendant is located, resides, or is doing business, and such court shall have jurisdiction to assess such penalty. (F) LIMITATION.—A person is not liable for a civil penalty under this paragraph for a dis- charge if the person has been assessed a civil penalty under paragraph (6) for the discharge. (8) DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT.—In deter- mining the amount of a civil penalty under paragraphs (6) and (7), the Administrator, Sec- retary, or the court, as the case may be, shall consider the seriousness of the violation or vio- lations, the economic benefit to the violator, if any, resulting from the violation, the degree of culpability involved, any other penalty for the same incident, any history of prior violations, the nature, extent, and degree of success of any efforts of the violator to minimize or mitigate the effects of the discharge, the economic im- pact of the penalty on the violator, and any other matters as justice may require. (9) MITIGATION OF DAMAGE.—In addition to es- tablishing a penalty for the discharge of oil or a hazardous substance, the Administrator or the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may act to mitigate the damage to the public health or welfare caused by such discharge. The cost of such mitigation shall be deemed a cost incurred under subsection (c) of this section for the removal of such sub- stance by the United States Government. (10) RECOVERY OF REMOVAL COSTS.—Any costs of removal incurred in connection with a dis- charge excluded by subsection (a)(2)(C) of this section shall be recoverable from the owner or operator of the source of the discharge in an ac- tion brought under section 1319(b) of this title. (11) LIMITATION.—Civil penalties shall not be assessed under both this section and section 1319 of this title for the same discharge. (12) WITHHOLDING CLEARANCE.—If any owner, operator, or person in charge of a vessel is liable for a civil penalty under this subsection, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that the owner, operator, or person in charge may be sub- ject to a civil penalty under this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the request of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or the Administrator, shall with respect to such vessel refuse or re- voke— (A) the clearance required by section 60105 of title 46; (B) a permit to proceed under section 4367 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. App. 313); 2 and (C) a permit to depart required under section 1443 2 of title 19; as applicable. Clearance or a permit refused or revoked under this paragraph may be granted upon the filing of a bond or other surety satis- factory to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating or the Ad- ministrator. (c) Federal removal authority (1) General removal requirement (A) The President shall, in accordance with the National Contingency Plan and any appro- priate Area Contingency Plan, ensure effective and immediate removal of a discharge, and mitigation or prevention of a substantial threat of a discharge, of oil or a hazardous substance— (i) into or on the navigable waters; (ii) on the adjoining shorelines to the navi- gable waters; (iii) into or on the waters of the exclusive economic zone; or Page 488 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (iv) that may affect natural resources be- longing to, appertaining to, or under the ex- clusive management authority of the United States. (B) In carrying out this paragraph, the President may— (i) remove or arrange for the removal of a discharge, and mitigate or prevent a sub- stantial threat of a discharge, at any time; (ii) direct or monitor all Federal, State, and private actions to remove a discharge; and (iii) remove and, if necessary, destroy a vessel discharging, or threatening to dis- charge, by whatever means are available. (2) Discharge posing substantial threat to pub- lic health or welfare (A) If a discharge, or a substantial threat of a discharge, of oil or a hazardous substance from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore fa- cility is of such a size or character as to be a substantial threat to the public health or wel- fare of the United States (including but not limited to fish, shellfish, wildlife, other nat- ural resources, and the public and private beaches and shorelines of the United States), the President shall direct all Federal, State, and private actions to remove the discharge or to mitigate or prevent the threat of the dis- charge. (B) In carrying out this paragraph, the President may, without regard to any other provision of law governing contracting proce- dures or employment of personnel by the Fed- eral Government— (i) remove or arrange for the removal of the discharge, or mitigate or prevent the substantial threat of the discharge; and (ii) remove and, if necessary, destroy a vessel discharging, or threatening to dis- charge, by whatever means are available. (3) Actions in accordance with National Con- tingency Plan (A) Each Federal agency, State, owner or op- erator, or other person participating in efforts under this subsection shall act in accordance with the National Contingency Plan or as di- rected by the President. (B) An owner or operator participating in ef- forts under this subsection shall act in accord- ance with the National Contingency Plan and the applicable response plan required under subsection (j), or as directed by the President, except that the owner or operator may deviate from the applicable response plan if the Presi- dent or the Federal On-Scene Coordinator de- termines that deviation from the response plan would provide for a more expeditious or effective response to the spill or mitigation of its environmental effects. (C) In any case in which the President or the Federal On-Scene Coordinator authorizes a de- viation from the salvor as part of a deviation under subparagraph (B) from the applicable re- sponse plan required under subsection (j), the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and In- frastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report de- scribing the deviation and the reasons for such deviation not less than 3 days after such devi- ation is authorized. (4) Exemption from liability (A) A person is not liable for removal costs or damages which result from actions taken or omitted to be taken in the course of rendering care, assistance, or advice consistent with the National Contingency Plan or as otherwise di- rected by the President relating to a discharge or a substantial threat of a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance. (B) Subparagraph (A) does not apply— (i) to a responsible party; (ii) to a response under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.); (iii) with respect to personal injury or wrongful death; or (iv) if the person is grossly negligent or en- gages in willful misconduct. (C) A responsible party is liable for any re- moval costs and damages that another person is relieved of under subparagraph (A). (5) Obligation and liability of owner or oper- ator not affected Nothing in this subsection affects— (A) the obligation of an owner or operator to respond immediately to a discharge, or the threat of a discharge, of oil; or (B) the liability of a responsible party under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 [33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.]. (6) ‘‘Responsible party’’ defined For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘responsible party’’ has the meaning given that term under section 1001 of the Oil Pollu- tion Act of 1990 [33 U.S.C. 2701]. (d) National Contingency Plan (1) Preparation by President The President shall prepare and publish a National Contingency Plan for removal of oil and hazardous substances pursuant to this sec- tion. (2) Contents The National Contingency Plan shall pro- vide for efficient, coordinated, and effective action to minimize damage from oil and haz- ardous substance discharges, including con- tainment, dispersal, and removal of oil and hazardous substances, and shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (A) Assignment of duties and responsibil- ities among Federal departments and agen- cies in coordination with State and local agencies and port authorities including, but not limited to, water pollution control and conservation and trusteeship of natural re- sources (including conservation of fish and wildlife). (B) Identification, procurement, mainte- nance, and storage of equipment and sup- plies. (C) Establishment or designation of Coast Guard strike teams, consisting of— Page 489 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (i) personnel who shall be trained, pre- pared, and available to provide necessary services to carry out the National Contin- gency Plan; (ii) adequate oil and hazardous substance pollution control equipment and material; and (iii) a detailed oil and hazardous sub- stance pollution and prevention plan, in- cluding measures to protect fisheries and wildlife. (D) A system of surveillance and notice de- signed to safeguard against as well as ensure earliest possible notice of discharges of oil and hazardous substances and imminent threats of such discharges to the appropriate State and Federal agencies. (E) Establishment of a national center to provide coordination and direction for oper- ations in carrying out the Plan. (F) Procedures and techniques to be em- ployed in identifying, containing, dispersing, and removing oil and hazardous substances. (G) A schedule, prepared in cooperation with the States, identifying— (i) dispersants, other chemicals, and other spill mitigating devices and sub- stances, if any, that may be used in car- rying out the Plan, (ii) the waters in which such dispersants, other chemicals, and other spill mitigating devices and substances may be used, and (iii) the quantities of such dispersant, other chemicals, or other spill mitigating device or substance which can be used safely in such waters, which schedule shall provide in the case of any dispersant, chemical, spill mitigating device or substance, or waters not specifi- cally identified in such schedule that the President, or his delegate, may, on a case- by-case basis, identify the dispersants, other chemicals, and other spill mitigating devices and substances which may be used, the wa- ters in which they may be used, and the quantities which can be used safely in such waters. (H) A system whereby the State or States affected by a discharge of oil or hazardous substance may act where necessary to re- move such discharge and such State or States may be reimbursed in accordance with the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 [33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.], in the case of any discharge of oil from a vessel or facility, for the reason- able costs incurred for that removal, from the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund. (I) Establishment of criteria and proce- dures to ensure immediate and effective Fed- eral identification of, and response to, a dis- charge, or the threat of a discharge, that re- sults in a substantial threat to the public health or welfare of the United States, as re- quired under subsection (c)(2). (J) Establishment of procedures and stand- ards for removing a worst case discharge of oil, and for mitigating or preventing a sub- stantial threat of such a discharge. (K) Designation of the Federal official who shall be the Federal On-Scene Coordinator for each area for which an Area Contingency Plan is required to be prepared under sub- section (j). (L) Establishment of procedures for the co- ordination of activities of— (i) Coast Guard strike teams established under subparagraph (C); (ii) Federal On-Scene Coordinators des- ignated under subparagraph (K); (iii) District Response Groups estab- lished under subsection (j); and (iv) Area Committees established under subsection (j). (M) A fish and wildlife response plan, de- veloped in consultation with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, and other interested parties (including State fish and wildlife conservation offi- cials), for the immediate and effective pro- tection, rescue, and rehabilitation of, and the minimization of risk of damage to, fish and wildlife resources and their habitat that are harmed or that may be jeopardized by a discharge. (3) Revisions and amendments The President may, from time to time, as the President deems advisable, revise or other- wise amend the National Contingency Plan. (4) Actions in accordance with National Con- tingency Plan After publication of the National Contin- gency Plan, the removal of oil and hazardous substances and actions to minimize damage from oil and hazardous substance discharges shall, to the greatest extent possible, be in ac- cordance with the National Contingency Plan. (e) Civil enforcement (1) Orders protecting public health In addition to any action taken by a State or local government, when the President de- termines that there may be an imminent and substantial threat to the public health or wel- fare of the United States, including fish, shell- fish, and wildlife, public and private property, shorelines, beaches, habitat, and other living and nonliving natural resources under the ju- risdiction or control of the United States, be- cause of an actual or threatened discharge of oil or a hazardous substance from a vessel or facility in violation of subsection (b), the President may— (A) require the Attorney General to secure any relief from any person, including the owner or operator of the vessel or facility, as may be necessary to abate such endangerment; or (B) after notice to the affected State, take any other action under this section, includ- ing issuing administrative orders, that may be necessary to protect the public health and welfare. (2) Jurisdiction of district courts The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to grant any relief under this subsection that the public interest and the equities of the case may require. Page 490 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (f) Liability for actual costs of removal (1) Except where an owner or operator can prove that a discharge was caused solely by (A) an act of God, (B) an act of war, (C) negligence on the part of the United States Government, or (D) an act or omission of a third party without regard to whether any such act or omission was or was not negligent, or any combination of the foregoing clauses, such owner or operator of any vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, be liable to the United States Government for the actual costs incurred under subsection (c) for the removal of such oil or sub- stance by the United States Government in an amount not to exceed, in the case of an inland oil barge $125 per gross ton of such barge, or $125,000, whichever is greater, and in the case of any other vessel, $150 per gross ton of such ves- sel (or, for a vessel carrying oil or hazardous substances as cargo, $250,000), whichever is greater, except that where the United States can show that such discharge was the result of will- ful negligence or willful misconduct within the privity and knowledge of the owner, such owner or operator shall be liable to the United States Government for the full amount of such costs. Such costs shall constitute a maritime lien on such vessel which may be recovered in an action in rem in the district court of the United States for any district within which any vessel may be found. The United States may also bring an ac- tion against the owner or operator of such vessel in any court of competent jurisdiction to re- cover such costs. (2) Except where an owner or operator of an onshore facility can prove that a discharge was caused solely by (A) an act of God, (B) an act of war, (C) negligence on the part of the United States Government, or (D) an act or omission of a third party without regard to whether any such act or omission was or was not negligent, or any combination of the foregoing clauses, such owner or operator of any such facility from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section shall be liable to the United States Government for the actual costs incurred under subsection (c) for the removal of such oil or substance by the United States Government in an amount not to exceed $50,000,000, except that where the United States can show that such discharge was the result of willful negligence or willful mis- conduct within the privity and knowledge of the owner, such owner or operator shall be liable to the United States Government for the full amount of such costs. The United States may bring an action against the owner or operator of such facility in any court of competent jurisdic- tion to recover such costs. The Administrator is authorized, by regulation, after consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Small Business Administration, to establish reason- able and equitable classifications of those on- shore facilities having a total fixed storage ca- pacity of 1,000 barrels or less which he deter- mines because of size, type, and location do not present a substantial risk of the discharge of oil or a hazardous substance in violation of sub- section (b)(3) of this section, and apply with re- spect to such classifications differing limits of liability which may be less than the amount contained in this paragraph. (3) Except where an owner or operator of an offshore facility can prove that a discharge was caused solely by (A) an act of God, (B) an act of war, (C) negligence on the part of the United States Government, or (D) an act or omission of a third party without regard to whether any such act or omission was or was not negligent, or any combination of the foregoing clauses, such owner or operator of any such facility from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, be liable to the United States Government for the actual costs incurred under subsection (c) for the removal of such oil or substance by the United States Government in an amount not to exceed $50,000,000, except that where the United States can show that such discharge was the result of willful negligence or willful mis- conduct within the privity and knowledge of the owner, such owner or operator shall be liable to the United States Government for the full amount of such costs. The United States may bring an action against the owner or operator of such a facility in any court of competent juris- diction to recover such costs. (4) The costs of removal of oil or a hazardous substance for which the owner or operator of a vessel or onshore or offshore facility is liable under subsection (f) of this section shall include any costs or expenses incurred by the Federal Government or any State government in the res- toration or replacement of natural resources damaged or destroyed as a result of a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance in violation of subsection (b) of this section. (5) The President, or the authorized represent- ative of any State, shall act on behalf of the public as trustee of the natural resources to re- cover for the costs of replacing or restoring such resources. Sums recovered shall be used to re- store, rehabilitate, or acquire the equivalent of such natural resources by the appropriate agen- cies of the Federal Government, or the State government. (g) Third party liability Where the owner or operator of a vessel (other than an inland oil barge) carrying oil or haz- ardous substances as cargo or an onshore or off- shore facility which handles or stores oil or haz- ardous substances in bulk, from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsection (b) of this section, alleges that such discharge was caused solely by an act or omission of a third party, such owner or oper- ator shall pay to the United States Government the actual costs incurred under subsection (c) for removal of such oil or substance and shall be entitled by subrogation to all rights of the United States Government to recover such costs from such third party under this subsection. In any case where an owner or operator of a vessel, of an onshore facility, or of an offshore facility, from which oil or a hazardous substance is dis- charged in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section, proves that such discharge of oil or haz- ardous substance was caused solely by an act or Page 491 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 3 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized. omission of a third party, or was caused solely by such an act or omission in combination with an act of God, an act of war, or negligence on the part of the United States Government, such third party shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, be liable to the United States Government for the actual costs incurred under subsection (c) for removal of such oil or sub- stance by the United States Government, except where such third party can prove that such dis- charge was caused solely by (A) an act of God, (B) an act of war, (C) negligence on the part of the United States Government, or (D) an act or omission of another party without regard to whether such act or omission was or was not negligent, or any combination of the foregoing clauses. If such third party was the owner or op- erator of a vessel which caused the discharge of oil or a hazardous substance in violation of sub- section (b)(3) of this section, the liability of such third party under this subsection shall not ex- ceed, in the case of an inland oil barge $125 per gross ton of such barge, or $125,000, whichever is greater, and in the case of any other vessel, $150 per gross ton of such vessel (or, for a vessel car- rying oil or hazardous substances as cargo, $250,000), whichever is greater. In any other case the liability of such third party shall not exceed the limitation which would have been applicable to the owner or operator of the vessel or the on- shore or offshore facility from which the dis- charge actually occurred if such owner or oper- ator were liable. If the United States can show that the discharge of oil or a hazardous sub- stance in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section was the result of willful negligence or willful misconduct within the privity and knowledge of such third party, such third party shall be liable to the United States Government for the full amount of such removal costs. The United States may bring an action against the third party in any court of competent jurisdic- tion to recover such removal costs. (h) Rights against third parties who caused or contributed to discharge The liabilities established by this section shall in no way affect any rights which (1) the owner or operator of a vessel or of an onshore facility or an offshore facility may have against any third party whose acts may in any way have caused or contributed to such discharge, or (2) The 3 United States Government may have against any third party whose actions may in any way have caused or contributed to the dis- charge of oil or hazardous substance. (i) Recovery of removal costs In any case where an owner or operator of a vessel or an onshore facility or an offshore facil- ity from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsection (b)(3) of this section acts to remove such oil or substance in accordance with regulations promulgated pursuant to this section, such owner or operator shall be entitled to recover the reasonable costs incurred in such removal upon establishing, in a suit which may be brought against the United States Government in the United States Court of Federal Claims, that such discharge was caused solely by (A) an act of God, (B) an act of war, (C) negligence on the part of the United States Government, or (D) an act or omission of a third party without regard to whether such act or omission was or was not negligent, or of any combination of the foregoing causes. (j) National Response System (1) In general Consistent with the National Contingency Plan required by subsection (c)(2) 2 of this sec- tion, as soon as practicable after October 18, 1972, and from time to time thereafter, the President shall issue regulations consistent with maritime safety and with marine and navigation laws (A) establishing methods and procedures for removal of discharged oil and hazardous substances, (B) establishing criteria for the development and implementation of local and regional oil and hazardous substance removal contingency plans, (C) establishing procedures, methods, and equipment and other requirements for equipment to prevent dis- charges of oil and hazardous substances from vessels and from onshore facilities and off- shore facilities, and to contain such dis- charges, and (D) governing the inspection of vessels carrying cargoes of oil and hazardous substances and the inspection of such cargoes in order to reduce the likelihood of discharges of oil from vessels in violation of this section. (2) National Response Unit The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall establish a National Response Unit at Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The Secretary, acting through the National Response Unit— (A) shall compile and maintain a com- prehensive computer list of spill removal re- sources, personnel, and equipment that is available worldwide and within the areas designated by the President pursuant to paragraph (4), and of information regarding previous spills, including data from univer- sities, research institutions, State govern- ments, and other nations, as appropriate, which shall be disseminated as appropriate to response groups and area committees, and which shall be available to Federal and State agencies and the public; (B) shall provide technical assistance, equipment, and other resources requested by a Federal On-Scene Coordinator; (C) shall coordinate use of private and pub- lic personnel and equipment to remove a worst case discharge, and to mitigate or pre- vent a substantial threat of such a dis- charge, from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility operating in or near an area designated by the President pursuant to paragraph (4); (D) may provide technical assistance in the preparation of Area Contingency Plans required under paragraph (4); (E) shall administer Coast Guard strike teams established under the National Con- tingency Plan; (F) shall maintain on file all Area Contin- gency Plans approved by the President under this subsection; and Page 492 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (G) shall review each of those plans that affects its responsibilities under this sub- section. (3) Coast Guard District Response Groups (A) The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall es- tablish in each Coast Guard district a Coast Guard District Response Group. (B) Each Coast Guard District Response Group shall consist of— (i) the Coast Guard personnel and equip- ment, including firefighting equipment, of each port within the district; (ii) additional prepositioned equipment; and (iii) a district response advisory staff. (C) Coast Guard district response groups— (i) shall provide technical assistance, equipment, and other resources when re- quired by a Federal On-Scene Coordinator; (ii) shall maintain all Coast Guard re- sponse equipment within its district; (iii) may provide technical assistance in the preparation of Area Contingency Plans required under paragraph (4); and (iv) shall review each of those plans that affect its area of geographic responsibility. (4) Area Committees and Area Contingency Plans (A) There is established for each area des- ignated by the President an Area Committee comprised of members appointed by the Presi- dent from qualified— (i) personnel of Federal, State, and local agencies; and (ii) members of federally recognized Indian tribes, where applicable. (B) Each Area Committee, under the direc- tion of the Federal On-Scene Coordinator for its area, shall— (i) prepare for its area the Area Contin- gency Plan required under subparagraph (C); (ii) work with State, local, and tribal offi- cials to enhance the contingency planning of those officials and to assure preplanning of joint response efforts, including appropriate procedures for mechanical recovery, dis- persal, shoreline cleanup, protection of sen- sitive environmental areas, and protection, rescue, and rehabilitation of fisheries and wildlife, including advance planning with re- spect to the closing and reopening of fishing areas following a discharge; and (iii) work with State, local, and tribal offi- cials to expedite decisions for the use of dispersants and other mitigating substances and devices. (C) Each Area Committee shall prepare and submit to the President for approval an Area Contingency Plan for its area. The Area Con- tingency Plan shall— (i) when implemented in conjunction with the National Contingency Plan, be adequate to remove a worst case discharge, and to mitigate or prevent a substantial threat of such a discharge, from a vessel, offshore fa- cility, or onshore facility operating in or near the area; (ii) describe the area covered by the plan, including the areas of special economic or environmental importance that might be damaged by a discharge; (iii) describe in detail the responsibilities of an owner or operator and of Federal, State, and local agencies in removing a dis- charge, and in mitigating or preventing a substantial threat of a discharge; (iv) list the equipment (including fire- fighting equipment), dispersants or other mitigating substances and devices, and per- sonnel available to an owner or operator, Federal, State, and local agencies, and tribal governments, to ensure an effective and im- mediate removal of a discharge, and to en- sure mitigation or prevention of a substan- tial threat of a discharge; (v) compile a list of local scientists, both inside and outside Federal Government serv- ice, with expertise in the environmental ef- fects of spills of the types of oil typically transported in the area, who may be con- tacted to provide information or, where ap- propriate, participate in meetings of the sci- entific support team convened in response to a spill, and describe the procedures to be fol- lowed for obtaining an expedited decision re- garding the use of dispersants; (vi) describe in detail how the plan is inte- grated into other Area Contingency Plans and vessel, offshore facility, and onshore fa- cility response plans approved under this subsection, and into operating procedures of the National Response Unit; (vii) include a framework for advance plan- ning and decisionmaking with respect to the closing and reopening of fishing areas fol- lowing a discharge, including protocols and standards for the closing and reopening of fishing areas; (viii) include any other information the President requires; and (ix) be updated periodically by the Area Committee. (D) The President shall— (i) review and approve Area Contingency Plans under this paragraph; and (ii) periodically review Area Contingency Plans so approved. (5) Tank vessel, nontank vessel, and facility re- sponse plans (A)(i) The President shall issue regulations which require an owner or operator of a tank vessel or facility described in subparagraph (C) to prepare and submit to the President a plan for responding, to the maximum extent prac- ticable, to a worst case discharge, and to a substantial threat of such a discharge, of oil or a hazardous substance. (ii) The President shall also issue regula- tions which require an owner or operator of a nontank vessel to prepare and submit to the President a plan for responding, to the max- imum extent practicable, to a worst case dis- charge, and to a substantial threat of such a discharge, of oil. (B) The Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating may issue regulations which require an owner or oper- Page 493 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ator of a tank vessel, a nontank vessel, or a fa- cility described in subparagraph (C) that transfers noxious liquid substances in bulk to or from a vessel to prepare and submit to the Secretary a plan for responding, to the max- imum extent practicable, to a worst case dis- charge, and to a substantial threat of such a discharge, of a noxious liquid substance that is not designated as a hazardous substance or regulated as oil in any other law or regulation. For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘nox- ious liquid substance’’ has the same meaning when that term is used in the MARPOL Pro- tocol described in section 1901(a)(3) 2 of this title. (C) The tank vessels, nontank vessels, and facilities referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) are the following: (i) A tank vessel, as defined under section 2101 of title 46. (ii) A nontank vessel. (iii) An offshore facility. (iv) An onshore facility that, because of its location, could reasonably be expected to cause substantial harm to the environment by discharging into or on the navigable wa- ters, adjoining shorelines, or the exclusive economic zone. (D) A response plan required under this para- graph shall— (i) be consistent with the requirements of the National Contingency Plan and Area Contingency Plans; (ii) identify the qualified individual having full authority to implement removal ac- tions, and require immediate communica- tions between that individual and the appro- priate Federal official and the persons pro- viding personnel and equipment pursuant to clause (iii); (iii) identify, and ensure by contract or other means approved by the President the availability of, private personnel and equip- ment necessary to remove to the maximum extent practicable a worst case discharge (including a discharge resulting from fire or explosion), and to mitigate or prevent a sub- stantial threat of such a discharge; (iv) describe the training, equipment test- ing, periodic unannounced drills, and re- sponse actions of persons on the vessel or at the facility, to be carried out under the plan to ensure the safety of the vessel or facility and to mitigate or prevent the discharge, or the substantial threat of a discharge; (v) be updated periodically; and (vi) be resubmitted for approval of each significant change. (E) With respect to any response plan sub- mitted under this paragraph for an onshore fa- cility that, because of its location, could rea- sonably be expected to cause significant and substantial harm to the environment by dis- charging into or on the navigable waters or adjoining shorelines or the exclusive economic zone, and with respect to each response plan submitted under this paragraph for a tank ves- sel, nontank vessel, or offshore facility, the President shall— (i) promptly review such response plan; (ii) require amendments to any plan that does not meet the requirements of this para- graph; (iii) approve any plan that meets the re- quirements of this paragraph; (iv) review each plan periodically there- after; and (v) in the case of a plan for a nontank ves- sel, consider any applicable State-mandated response plan in effect on August 9, 2004, and ensure consistency to the extent practicable. (F) A tank vessel, nontank vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility required to pre- pare a response plan under this subsection may not handle, store, or transport oil un- less— (i) in the case of a tank vessel, nontank vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility for which a response plan is reviewed by the President under subparagraph (E), the plan has been approved by the President; and (ii) the vessel or facility is operating in compliance with the plan. (G) Notwithstanding subparagraph (E), the President may authorize a tank vessel, nontank vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility to operate without a response plan ap- proved under this paragraph, until not later than 2 years after the date of the submission to the President of a plan for the tank vessel, nontank vessel, or facility, if the owner or op- erator certifies that the owner or operator has ensured by contract or other means approved by the President the availability of private personnel and equipment necessary to re- spond, to the maximum extent practicable, to a worst case discharge or a substantial threat of such a discharge. (H) The owner or operator of a tank vessel, nontank vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility may not claim as a defense to liability under title I of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 [33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.] that the owner or operator was acting in accordance with an approved re- sponse plan. (I) The Secretary shall maintain, in the Ves- sel Identification System established under chapter 125 of title 46, the dates of approval and review of a response plan under this para- graph for each tank vessel and nontank vessel that is a vessel of the United States. (6) Equipment requirements and inspection The President may require— (A) periodic inspection of containment booms, skimmers, vessels, and other major equipment used to remove discharges; and (B) vessels operating on navigable waters and carrying oil or a hazardous substance in bulk as cargo, and nontank vessels carrying oil of any kind as fuel for main propulsion, to carry appropriate removal equipment that employs the best technology economi- cally feasible and that is compatible with the safe operation of the vessel. (7) Area drills The President shall periodically conduct drills of removal capability, without prior no- tice, in areas for which Area Contingency Plans are required under this subsection and Page 494 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 under relevant tank vessel, nontank vessel, and facility response plans. The drills may in- clude participation by Federal, State, and local agencies, the owners and operators of vessels and facilities in the area, and private industry. The President may publish annual reports on these drills, including assessments of the effectiveness of the plans and a list of amendments made to improve plans. (8) United States Government not liable The United States Government is not liable for any damages arising from its actions or omissions relating to any response plan re- quired by this section. (9) Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria program (A) Definitions In this paragraph: (i) Alternative planning criteria The term ‘‘alternative planning criteria’’ means criteria submitted under section 155.1065 or 155.5067 of title 33, Code of Fed- eral Regulations (as in effect on December 23, 2022), for vessel response plans. (ii) Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone The term ‘‘Prince William Sound Cap- tain of the Port Zone’’ means the area de- scribed in section 3.85–15(b) of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations). (iii) Secretary The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- retary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (iv) Vessel response plan The term ‘‘vessel response plan’’ means a plan required to be submitted by the owner or operator of a tank vessel or a nontank vessel under regulations issued by the President under paragraph (5). (v) Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone The term ‘‘Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone’’ means the area described in section 3.85–15(a) of title 33, Code of Fed- eral Regulations (as in effect on December 23, 2022). (B) Requirement Except as provided in subparagraph (I), for any part of the area of responsibility of the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone or the Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone for which the Secretary has deter- mined that the national planning criteria es- tablished pursuant to this subsection are in- appropriate for a vessel operating in such area, a vessel response plan with respect to a discharge of oil for such a vessel shall com- ply with the Western Alaska oil spill plan- ning criteria established under subparagraph (D)(i). (C) Relation to national planning criteria The Western Alaska oil spill planning cri- teria established under subparagraph (D)(i) shall, with respect to a discharge of oil from a vessel described in subparagraph (B), apply in lieu of any alternative planning criteria accepted for vessels operating, prior to the date on which the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria are established, in any part of the area of responsibility of the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone or the Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone for which the Secretary has deter- mined that the national planning criteria es- tablished pursuant to this subsection are in- appropriate for a vessel operating in such area. (D) Establishment of Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria (i) In general The President, acting through the Com- mandant, in consultation with the Western Alaska Oil Spill Criteria Program Manager selected under section 323 of title 14, shall establish— (I) Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria for a worst case discharge of oil, and a substantial threat of such a dis- charge, within any part of the area of re- sponsibility of the Western Alaska Cap- tain of the Port Zone or Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone for which the Secretary has determined that the national planning criteria estab- lished pursuant to this subsection are in- appropriate for a vessel operating in such area; and (II) standardized submission, review, approval, and compliance verification processes for the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under this clause, including the quantity and fre- quency of drills and on-site verifications of vessel response plans approved pursu- ant to such planning criteria. (ii) Development of subregions (I) Development After establishing the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria under clause (i), and if necessary to adequately reflect the needs and capabilities of various lo- cations within the Western Alaska Cap- tain of the Port Zone, the President, act- ing through the Commandant, and in consultation with the Western Alaska Oil Spill Criteria Program Manager se- lected under section 323 of title 14, may develop subregions for which planning criteria may differ from planning cri- teria for other subregions in the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone. (II) Limitation Any planning criteria for a subregion developed under this clause may not be less stringent than the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under clause (i). (iii) Assessment (I) In general Prior to developing a subregion, the President, acting through the Com- Page 495 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 mandant, shall conduct an assessment on any potential impacts to the entire Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone to include quantity and availability of response resources in the proposed sub- region and in surrounding areas and any changes or impacts to surrounding areas resulting in the development of a sub- region with different standards. (II) Consultation In conducting an assessment under this clause, the President, acting through the Commandant, shall consult with State and local governments, Tribes (as defined in section 323 of title 14), the owners and operators that would operate under the proposed subregions, oil spill removal organizations, Alaska Native organizations, and environmental nongovernmental organizations, and shall take into account any experience with the prior use of subregions within the State of Alaska. (III) Submission The President, acting through the Commandant, shall submit the results of an assessment conducted under this clause to the Committee on Transpor- tation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. (E) Inclusions (i) Requirements The Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under subparagraph (D)(i) shall include planning criteria for the following: (I) Mechanical oil spill response re- sources that are required to be located within any part of the area of responsi- bility of the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone or the Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone for which the Secretary has determined that the national planning criteria estab- lished pursuant to this subsection are in- appropriate for a vessel operating in such area. (II) Response times for mobilization of oil spill response resources and arrival on the scene of a worst case discharge of oil, or substantial threat of such a dis- charge, occurring within such part of such area. (III) Pre-identified vessels for oil spill response that are capable of operating in the ocean environment. (IV) Ensuring the availability of at least 1 oil spill removal organization that is classified by the Coast Guard and that— (aa) is capable of responding in all operating environments in such part of such area; (bb) controls oil spill response re- sources of dedicated and nondedicated resources within such part of such area, through ownership, contracts, agreements, or other means approved by the President, sufficient— (AA) to mobilize and sustain a re- sponse to a worst case discharge of oil; and (BB) to contain, recover, and tem- porarily store discharged oil; (cc) has pre-positioned oil spill re- sponse resources in strategic locations throughout such part of such area in a manner that ensures the ability to sup- port response personnel, marine oper- ations, air cargo, or other related lo- gistics infrastructure; (dd) has temporary storage capa- bility using both dedicated and non- dedicated assets located within such part of such area; (ee) has non-mechanical oil spill re- sponse resources capable of responding to a discharge of persistent oil and a discharge of nonpersistent oil, whether the discharged oil was carried by a ves- sel as fuel or cargo; and (ff) has wildlife response resources for primary, secondary, and tertiary responses to support carcass collec- tion, sampling, deterrence, rescue, and rehabilitation of birds, sea turtles, ma- rine mammals, fishery resources, and other wildlife. (V) With respect to tank barges car- rying nonpersistent oil in bulk as cargo, oil spill response resources that are re- quired to be carried on board. (VI) Specifying a minimum length of time that approval of a vessel response plan under this paragraph is valid. (VII) Managing wildlife protection and rehabilitation, including identified wild- life protection and rehabilitation re- sources in that area. (ii) Additional considerations The Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under subparagraph (D)(i) may include planning criteria for the following: (I) Vessel routing measures consistent with international routing measure devi- ation protocols. (II) Maintenance of real-time contin- uous vessel tracking, monitoring, and engagement protocols with the ability to detect and address vessel operation anomalies. (F) Requirement for approval The President may approve a vessel re- sponse plan for a vessel under this paragraph only if the owner or operator of the vessel demonstrates the availability of the oil spill response resources required to be included in the vessel response plan under the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under subparagraph (D)(i). (G) Periodic audits The Secretary shall conduct periodic au- dits to ensure compliance of vessel response plans and oil spill removal organizations Page 496 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 within the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone and the Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone with the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria established under subparagraph (D)(i). (H) Review of determination Not less frequently than once every 5 years, the Secretary shall review each deter- mination of the Secretary under subpara- graph (B) that the national planning criteria established pursuant to this subsection are inappropriate for a vessel operating in the area of responsibility of the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone and the Prince Wil- liam Sound Captain of the Port Zone. (I) Vessels in Cook Inlet Unless otherwise authorized by the Sec- retary, a vessel may only operate in Cook Inlet, Alaska, under a vessel response plan approved under paragraph (5) that meets the requirements of the national planning cri- teria established pursuant to this sub- section. (J) Savings provisions Nothing in this paragraph affects— (i) the requirements under this sub- section applicable to vessel response plans for vessels operating within the area of re- sponsibility of the Western Alaska Captain of the Port Zone, within Cook Inlet, Alas- ka; (ii) the requirements under this sub- section applicable to vessel response plans for vessels operating within the area of re- sponsibility of the Prince William Sound Captain of the Port Zone that are subject to section 5005 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2735); or (iii) the authority of a Federal On-Scene Coordinator to use any available resources when responding to an oil spill. (k) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–380, title II, § 2002(b)(2), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507 (l) Administration The President is authorized to delegate the ad- ministration of this section to the heads of those Federal departments, agencies, and instru- mentalities which he determines to be appro- priate. Each such department, agency, and in- strumentality, in order to avoid duplication of effort, shall, whenever appropriate, utilize the personnel, services, and facilities of other Fed- eral departments, agencies, and instrumental- ities. (m) Administrative provisions (1) For vessels Anyone authorized by the President to en- force the provisions of this section with re- spect to any vessel may, except as to public vessels— (A) board and inspect any vessel upon the navigable waters of the United States or the waters of the contiguous zone, (B) with or without a warrant, arrest any person who in the presence or view of the au- thorized person violates the provisions of this section or any regulation issued there- under, and (C) execute any warrant or other process issued by an officer or court of competent jurisdiction. (2) For facilities (A) Recordkeeping Whenever required to carry out the pur- poses of this section, the Administrator, the Secretary of Transportation, or the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall require the owner or operator of a facility to which this sec- tion applies to establish and maintain such records, make such reports, install, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment and methods, and provide such other informa- tion as the Administrator or Secretary, as the case may be, may require to carry out the objectives of this section. (B) Entry and inspection Whenever required to carry out the pur- poses of this section, the Administrator, the Secretary of Transportation, or the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating or an authorized rep- resentative of the Administrator or Sec- retary, upon presentation of appropriate cre- dentials, may— (i) enter and inspect any facility to which this section applies, including any facility at which any records are required to be maintained under subparagraph (A); and (ii) at reasonable times, have access to and copy any records, take samples, and inspect any monitoring equipment or methods required under subparagraph (A). (C) Arrests and execution of warrants Anyone authorized by the Administrator or the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating to enforce the provisions of this section with respect to any facility may— (i) with or without a warrant, arrest any person who violates the provisions of this section or any regulation issued there- under in the presence or view of the person so authorized; and (ii) execute any warrant or process issued by an officer or court of competent jurisdiction. (D) Public access Any records, reports, or information ob- tained under this paragraph shall be subject to the same public access and disclosure re- quirements which are applicable to records, reports, and information obtained pursuant to section 1318 of this title. (n) Jurisdiction The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction for any ac- tions, other than actions pursuant to subsection (i)(l),2 arising under this section. In the case of Guam and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Is- lands, such actions may be brought in the dis- trict court of Guam, and in the case of the Vir- gin Islands such actions may be brought in the district court of the Virgin Islands. In the case Page 497 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 of American Samoa and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, such actions may be brought in the District Court of the United States for the District of Hawaii and such court shall have jurisdiction of such actions. In the case of the Canal Zone, such actions may be brought in the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone. (o) Obligation for damages unaffected; local au- thority not preempted; existing Federal au- thority not modified or affected (1) Nothing in this section shall affect or mod- ify in any way the obligations of any owner or operator of any vessel, or of any owner or oper- ator of any onshore facility or offshore facility to any person or agency under any provision of law for damages to any publicly owned or pri- vately owned property resulting from a dis- charge of any oil or hazardous substance or from the removal of any such oil or hazardous sub- stance. (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preempting any State or political subdivision thereof from imposing any requirement or li- ability with respect to the discharge of oil or hazardous substance into any waters within such State, or with respect to any removal ac- tivities related to such discharge. (3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting or modifying any other existing au- thority of any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality, relative to onshore or offshore facilities under this chapter or any other provi- sion of law, or to affect any State or local law not in conflict with this section. (p) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–380, title II, § 2002(b)(4), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507 (q) Establishment of maximum limit of liability with respect to onshore or offshore facilities The President is authorized to establish, with respect to any class or category of onshore or offshore facilities, a maximum limit of liability under subsections (f)(2) and (3) of this section of less than $50,000,000, but not less than $8,000,000. (r) Liability limitations not to limit liability under other legislation Nothing in this section shall be construed to impose, or authorize the imposition of, any limi- tation on liability under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.] or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 [33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.]. (s) Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund established under section 9509 of title 26 shall be available to carry out subsections (b), (c), (d), (j), and (l) as those subsections apply to discharges, and sub- stantial threats of discharges, of oil. Any amounts received by the United States under this section shall be deposited in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund except as provided in sub- section (t). (t) Gulf Coast restoration and recovery (1) State allocation and expenditures (A) In general Of the total amounts made available in any fiscal year from the Trust Fund, 35 per- cent shall be available, in accordance with the requirements of this section, to the Gulf Coast States in equal shares for expenditure for ecological and economic restoration of the Gulf Coast region in accordance with this subsection. (B) Use of funds (i) Eligible activities in the Gulf Coast re- gion Subject to clause (iii), amounts provided to the Gulf Coast States under this sub- section may only be used to carry out 1 or more of the following activities in the Gulf Coast region: (I) Restoration and protection of the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast region. (II) Mitigation of damage to fish, wild- life, and natural resources. (III) Implementation of a federally ap- proved marine, coastal, or comprehen- sive conservation management plan, in- cluding fisheries monitoring. (IV) Workforce development and job creation. (V) Improvements to or on State parks located in coastal areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. (VI) Infrastructure projects benefitting the economy or ecological resources, in- cluding port infrastructure. (VII) Coastal flood protection and re- lated infrastructure. (VIII) Planning assistance. (IX) Administrative costs of complying with this subsection. (ii) Activities to promote tourism and sea- food in the Gulf Coast region Amounts provided to the Gulf Coast States under this subsection may be used to carry out 1 or more of the following ac- tivities: (I) Promotion of tourism in the Gulf Coast Region, including recreational fishing. (II) Promotion of the consumption of seafood harvested from the Gulf Coast Region. (iii) Limitation (I) In general Of the amounts received by a Gulf Coast State under this subsection, not more than 3 percent may be used for ad- ministrative costs eligible under clause (i)(IX). (II) Claims for compensation Activities funded under this subsection may not be included in any claim for compensation paid out by the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund after July 6, 2012. (C) Coastal political subdivisions (i) Distribution In the case of a State where the coastal zone includes the entire State— (I) 75 percent of funding shall be pro- vided directly to the 8 disproportion- Page 498 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ately affected counties impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; and (II) 25 percent shall be provided di- rectly to nondisproportionately im- pacted counties within the State. (ii) Nondisproportionately impacted coun- ties The total amounts made available to coastal political subdivisions in the State of Florida under clause (i)(II) shall be dis- tributed according to the following weighted formula: (I) 34 percent based on the weighted av- erage of the population of the county. (II) 33 percent based on the weighted average of the county per capita sales tax collections estimated for fiscal year 2012. (III) 33 percent based on the inverse proportion of the weighted average dis- tance from the Deepwater Horizon oil rig to each of the nearest and farthest points of the shoreline. (D) Louisiana (i) In general Of the total amounts made available to the State of Louisiana under this para- graph: (I) 70 percent shall be provided directly to the State in accordance with this sub- section. (II) 30 percent shall be provided di- rectly to parishes in the coastal zone (as defined in section 1453 of title 16) of the State of Louisiana according to the fol- lowing weighted formula: (aa) 40 percent based on the weighted average of miles of the parish shoreline oiled. (bb) 40 percent based on the weighted average of the population of the parish. (cc) 20 percent based on the weighted average of the land mass of the parish. (ii) Conditions (I) Land use plan As a condition of receiving amounts al- located under this paragraph, the chief executive of the eligible parish shall cer- tify to the Governor of the State that the parish has completed a comprehen- sive land use plan. (II) Other conditions A coastal political subdivision receiv- ing funding under this paragraph shall meet all of the conditions in subpara- graph (E). (E) Conditions As a condition of receiving amounts from the Trust Fund, a Gulf Coast State, includ- ing the entities described in subparagraph (F), or a coastal political subdivision shall— (i) agree to meet such conditions, includ- ing audit requirements, as the Secretary of the Treasury determines necessary to ensure that amounts disbursed from the Trust Fund will be used in accordance with this subsection; (ii) certify in such form and in such man- ner as the Secretary of the Treasury deter- mines necessary that the project or pro- gram for which the Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision is requesting amounts— (I) is designed to restore and protect the natural resources, ecosystems, fish- eries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, coastal wetlands, or economy of the Gulf Coast; (II) carries out 1 or more of the activi- ties described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B); (III) was selected based on meaningful input from the public, including broad- based participation from individuals, businesses, and nonprofit organizations; and (IV) in the case of a natural resource protection or restoration project, is based on the best available science; (iii) certify that the project or program and the awarding of a contract for the ex- penditure of amounts received under this paragraph are consistent with the stand- ard procurement rules and regulations governing a comparable project or pro- gram in that State, including all applica- ble competitive bidding and audit require- ments; and (iv) develop and submit a multiyear im- plementation plan for the use of such amounts, which may include milestones, projected completion of each activity, and a mechanism to evaluate the success of each activity in helping to restore and pro- tect the Gulf Coast region impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. (F) Approval by State entity, task force, or agency The following Gulf Coast State entities, task forces, or agencies shall carry out the duties of a Gulf Coast State pursuant to this paragraph: (i) Alabama (I) In general In the State of Alabama, the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council, which shall be comprised of only the following: (aa) The Governor of Alabama, who shall also serve as Chairperson and pre- side over the meetings of the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council. (bb) The Director of the Alabama State Port Authority, who shall also serve as Vice Chairperson and preside over the meetings of the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council in the absence of the Chairperson. (cc) The Chairman of the Baldwin County Commission. (dd) The President of the Mobile County Commission. (ee) The Mayor of the city of Bayou La Batre. (ff) The Mayor of the town of Dau- phin Island. (gg) The Mayor of the city of Fairhope. Page 499 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (hh) The Mayor of the city of Gulf Shores. (ii) The Mayor of the city of Mobile. (jj) The Mayor of the city of Orange Beach. (II) Vote Each member of the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council shall be entitled to 1 vote. (III) Majority vote All decisions of the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council shall be made by majority vote. (IV) Limitation on administrative ex- penses Administrative duties for the Alabama Gulf Coast Recovery Council may only be performed by public officials and em- ployees that are subject to the ethics laws of the State of Alabama. (ii) Louisiana In the State of Louisiana, the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana. (iii) Mississippi In the State of Mississippi, the Mis- sissippi Department of Environmental Quality. (iv) Texas In the State of Texas, the Office of the Governor or an appointee of the Office of the Governor. (G) Compliance with eligible activities If the Secretary of the Treasury deter- mines that an expenditure by a Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision of amounts made available under this sub- section does not meet one of the activities described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subpara- graph (B), the Secretary shall make no addi- tional amounts from the Trust Fund avail- able to that Gulf Coast State or coastal po- litical subdivision until such time as an amount equal to the amount expended for the unauthorized use— (i) has been deposited by the Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision in the Trust Fund; or (ii) has been authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury for expenditure by the Gulf Coast State or coastal political sub- division for a project or program that meets the requirements of this subsection. (H) Compliance with conditions If the Secretary of the Treasury deter- mines that a Gulf Coast State or coastal po- litical subdivision does not meet the require- ments of this paragraph, including the con- ditions of subparagraph (E), where applica- ble, the Secretary of the Treasury shall make no amounts from the Trust Fund available to that Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision until all conditions of this paragraph are met. (I) Public input In meeting any condition of this para- graph, a Gulf Coast State may use an appro- priate procedure for public consultation in that Gulf Coast State, including consulting with one or more established task forces or other entities, to develop recommendations for proposed projects and programs that would restore and protect the natural re- sources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, coastal wetlands, and economy of the Gulf Coast. (J) Previously approved projects and pro- grams A Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision shall be considered to have met the conditions of subparagraph (E) for a spe- cific project or program if, before July 6, 2012— (i) the Gulf Coast State or coastal polit- ical subdivision has established conditions for carrying out projects and programs that are substantively the same as the conditions described in subparagraph (E); and (ii) the applicable project or program carries out 1 or more of the activities de- scribed in clauses (i) and (ii) of subpara- graph (B). (K) Local preference In awarding contracts to carry out a project or program under this paragraph, a Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivi- sion may give a preference to individuals and companies that reside in, are headquartered in, or are principally engaged in business in the State of project execution. (L) Unused funds Funds allocated to a State or coastal po- litical subdivision under this paragraph shall remain in the Trust Fund until such time as the State or coastal political sub- division develops and submits a plan identi- fying uses for those funds in accordance with subparagraph (E)(iv). (M) Judicial review If the Secretary of the Treasury deter- mines that a Gulf Coast State or coastal po- litical subdivision does not meet the require- ments of this paragraph, including the con- ditions of subparagraph (E), the Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision may obtain expedited judicial review within 90 days after that decision in a district court of the United States, of appropriate jurisdic- tion and venue, that is located within the State seeking the review. (N) Cost-sharing (i) In general A Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision may use, in whole or in part, amounts made available under this para- graph to that Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision to satisfy the non- Federal share of the cost of any project or program authorized by Federal law that is an eligible activity described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B). (ii) Effect on other funds The use of funds made available from the Trust Fund to satisfy the non-Federal Page 500 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 share of the cost of a project or program that meets the requirements of clause (i) shall not affect the priority in which other Federal funds are allocated or awarded. (2) Council establishment and allocation (A) In general Of the total amount made available in any fiscal year from the Trust Fund, 30 percent shall be disbursed to the Council to carry out the Comprehensive Plan. (B) Council expenditures (i) In general In accordance with this paragraph, the Council shall expend funds made available from the Trust Fund to undertake projects and programs, using the best available science, that would restore and protect the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, coastal wetlands, and economy of the Gulf Coast. (ii) Allocation and expenditure procedures The Secretary of the Treasury shall de- velop such conditions, including audit re- quirements, as the Secretary of the Treas- ury determines necessary to ensure that amounts disbursed from the Trust Fund to the Council to implement the Comprehen- sive Plan will be used in accordance with this paragraph. (iii) Administrative expenses Of the amounts received by the Council under this paragraph, not more than 3 per- cent may be used for administrative ex- penses, including staff. (C) Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Coun- cil (i) Establishment There is established as an independent entity in the Federal Government a coun- cil to be known as the ‘‘Gulf Coast Eco- system Restoration Council’’. (ii) Membership The Council shall consist of the fol- lowing members, or in the case of a Fed- eral agency, a designee at the level of the Assistant Secretary or the equivalent: (I) The Secretary of the Interior. (II) The Secretary of the Army. (III) The Secretary of Commerce. (IV) The Administrator of the Environ- mental Protection Agency. (V) The Secretary of Agriculture. (VI) The head of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (VII) The Governor of the State of Ala- bama. (VIII) The Governor of the State of Florida. (IX) The Governor of the State of Lou- isiana. (X) The Governor of the State of Mis- sissippi. (XI) The Governor of the State of Texas. (iii) Alternate A Governor appointed to the Council by the President may designate an alternate to represent the Governor on the Council and vote on behalf of the Governor. (iv) Chairperson From among the Federal agency mem- bers of the Council, the representatives of States on the Council shall select, and the President shall appoint, 1 Federal member to serve as Chairperson of the Council. (v) Presidential appointment All Council members shall be appointed by the President. (vi) Council actions (I) In general The following actions by the Council shall require the affirmative vote of the Chairperson and a majority of the State members to be effective: (aa) Approval of a Comprehensive Plan and future revisions to a Com- prehensive Plan. (bb) Approval of State plans pursu- ant to paragraph (3)(B)(iv). (cc) Approval of reports to Congress pursuant to clause (vii)(VII). (dd) Approval of transfers pursuant to subparagraph (E)(ii)(I). (ee) Other significant actions deter- mined by the Council. (II) Quorum A majority of State members shall be required to be present for the Council to take any significant action. (III) Affirmative vote requirement con- sidered met For approval of State plans pursuant to paragraph (3)(B)(iv), the certification by a State member of the Council that the plan satisfies all requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (3)(B), when joined by an affirmative vote of the Federal Chairperson of the Council, shall be considered to satisfy the re- quirements for affirmative votes under subclause (I). (IV) Public transparency Appropriate actions of the Council, in- cluding significant actions and associ- ated deliberations, shall be made avail- able to the public via electronic means prior to any vote. (vii) Duties of Council The Council shall— (I) develop the Comprehensive Plan and future revisions to the Comprehen- sive Plan; (II) identify as soon as practicable the projects that— (aa) have been authorized prior to July 6, 2012, but not yet commenced; and (bb) if implemented quickly, would restore and protect the natural re- sources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, barrier islands, dunes, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast region; Page 501 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (III) establish such other 1 or more ad- visory committees as may be necessary to assist the Council, including a sci- entific advisory committee and a com- mittee to advise the Council on public policy issues; (IV) collect and consider scientific and other research associated with restora- tion of the Gulf Coast ecosystem, includ- ing research, observation, and moni- toring carried out pursuant to sections 1604 and 1605 of the Resources and Eco- systems Sustainability, Tourist Opportu- nities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012; (V) develop standard terms to include in contracts for projects and programs awarded pursuant to the Comprehensive Plan that provide a preference to indi- viduals and companies that reside in, are headquartered in, or are principally en- gaged in business in a Gulf Coast State; (VI) prepare an integrated financial plan and recommendations for coordi- nated budget requests for the amounts proposed to be expended by the Federal agencies represented on the Council for projects and programs in the Gulf Coast States; and (VII) submit to Congress an annual re- port that— (aa) summarizes the policies, strate- gies, plans, and activities for address- ing the restoration and protection of the Gulf Coast region; (bb) describes the projects and pro- grams being implemented to restore and protect the Gulf Coast region, in- cluding— (AA) a list of each project and pro- gram; (BB) an identification of the fund- ing provided to projects and pro- grams identified in subitem (AA); (CC) an identification of each re- cipient for funding identified in subitem (BB); and (DD) a description of the length of time and funding needed to complete the objectives of each project and program identified in subitem (AA); (cc) makes such recommendations to Congress for modifications of existing laws as the Council determines nec- essary to implement the Comprehen- sive Plan; (dd) reports on the progress on imple- mentation of each project or pro- gram— (AA) after 3 years of ongoing activ- ity of the project or program, if ap- plicable; and (BB) on completion of the project or program; (ee) includes the information re- quired to be submitted under section 1605(c)(4) of the Resources and Eco- systems Sustainability, Tourist Oppor- tunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012; and (ff) submits the reports required under item (dd) to— (AA) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Com- mittee on Natural Resources, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (BB) the Committee on Environ- ment and Public Works, the Com- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. (viii) Application of chapter 10 of title 5 The Council, or any other advisory com- mittee established under this subpara- graph, shall not be considered an advisory committee under chapter 10 of title 5. (ix) Sunset The authority for the Council, and any other advisory committee established under this subparagraph, shall terminate on the date all funds in the Trust Fund have been expended. (D) Comprehensive plan (i) Proposed plan (I) In general Not later than 180 days after July 6, 2012, the Chairperson, on behalf of the Council and after appropriate public input, review, and comment, shall pub- lish a proposed plan to restore and pro- tect the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast region. (II) Inclusions The proposed plan described in sub- clause (I) shall include and incorporate the findings and information prepared by the President’s Gulf Coast Restoration Task Force. (ii) Publication (I) Initial plan Not later than 1 year after July 6, 2012, and after notice and opportunity for pub- lic comment, the Chairperson, on behalf of the Council and after approval by the Council, shall publish in the Federal Register the initial Comprehensive Plan to restore and protect the natural re- sources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coast- al wetlands of the Gulf Coast region. (II) Cooperation with Gulf Coast Restora- tion Task Force The Council shall develop the initial Comprehensive Plan in close coordina- tion with the President’s Gulf Coast Res- toration Task Force. (III) Considerations In developing the initial Comprehen- sive Plan and subsequent updates, the Page 502 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 Council shall consider all relevant find- ings, reports, or research prepared or funded under section 1604 or 1605 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sustain- ability, Tourist Opportunities, and Re- vived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012. (IV) Contents The initial Comprehensive Plan shall include— (aa) such provisions as are necessary to fully incorporate in the Comprehen- sive Plan the strategy, projects, and programs recommended by the Presi- dent’s Gulf Coast Restoration Task Force; (bb) a list of any project or program authorized prior to July 6, 2012, but not yet commenced, the completion of which would further the purposes and goals of this subsection and of the Re- sources and Ecosystems Sustain- ability, Tourist Opportunities, and Re- vived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012; (cc) a description of the manner in which amounts from the Trust Fund projected to be made available to the Council for the succeeding 10 years will be allocated; and (dd) subject to available funding in accordance with clause (iii), a prioritized list of specific projects and programs to be funded and carried out during the 3-year period immediately following the date of publication of the initial Comprehensive Plan, including a table that illustrates the distribution of projects and programs by the Gulf Coast State. (V) Plan updates The Council shall update— (aa) the Comprehensive Plan every 5 years in a manner comparable to the manner established in this subpara- graph for each 5-year period for which amounts are expected to be made available to the Gulf Coast States from the Trust Fund; and (bb) the 3-year list of projects and programs described in subclause (IV)(dd) annually. (iii) Restoration priorities Except for projects and programs de- scribed in clause (ii)(IV)(bb), in selecting projects and programs to include on the 3- year list described in clause (ii)(IV)(dd), based on the best available science, the Council shall give highest priority to projects that address 1 or more of the fol- lowing criteria: (I) Projects that are projected to make the greatest contribution to restoring and protecting the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wild- life habitats, beaches, and coastal wet- lands of the Gulf Coast region, without regard to geographic location within the Gulf Coast region. (II) Large-scale projects and programs that are projected to substantially con- tribute to restoring and protecting the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast ecosystem. (III) Projects contained in existing Gulf Coast State comprehensive plans for the restoration and protection of nat- ural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast region. (IV) Projects that restore long-term resiliency of the natural resources, eco- systems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands most impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. (E) Implementation (i) In general The Council, acting through the Federal agencies represented on the Council and Gulf Coast States, shall expend funds made available from the Trust Fund to carry out projects and programs adopted in the Com- prehensive Plan. (ii) Administrative responsibility (I) In general Primary authority and responsibility for each project and program included in the Comprehensive Plan shall be as- signed by the Council to a Gulf Coast State represented on the Council or a Federal agency. (II) Transfer of amounts Amounts necessary to carry out each project or program included in the Com- prehensive Plan shall be transferred by the Secretary of the Treasury from the Trust Fund to that Federal agency or Gulf Coast State as the project or pro- gram is implemented, subject to such conditions as the Secretary of the Treas- ury, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Com- merce, established pursuant to section 1602 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012. (III) Limitation on transfers (aa) Grants to nongovernmental enti- ties In the case of funds transferred to a Federal or State agency under sub- clause (II), the agency shall not make 1 or more grants or cooperative agree- ments to a nongovernmental entity if the total amount provided to the enti- ty would equal or exceed 10 percent of the total amount provided to the agen- cy for that particular project or pro- gram, unless the 1 or more grants have been reported in accordance with item (bb). Page 503 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 4 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘consortium’’. (bb) Reporting of grantees At least 30 days prior to making a grant or entering into a cooperative agreement described in item (aa), the name of each grantee, including the amount and purpose of each grant or cooperative agreement, shall be pub- lished in the Federal Register and de- livered to the congressional commit- tees listed in subparagraph (C)(vii)(VII)(ff). (cc) Annual reporting of grantees Annually, the name of each grantee, including the amount and purposes of each grant or cooperative agreement, shall be published in the Federal Reg- ister and delivered to Congress as part of the report submitted pursuant to subparagraph (C)(vii)(VII). (IV) Project and program limitation The Council, a Federal agency, or a State may not carry out a project or pro- gram funded under this paragraph out- side of the Gulf Coast region. (F) Coordination The Council and the Federal members of the Council may develop memoranda of un- derstanding establishing integrated funding and implementation plans among the mem- ber agencies and authorities. (3) Oil spill restoration impact allocation (A) In general (i) Disbursement Of the total amount made available from the Trust Fund, 30 percent shall be dis- bursed pursuant to the formula in clause (ii) to the Gulf Coast States on the ap- proval of the plan described in subpara- graph (B)(i). (ii) Formula Subject to subparagraph (B), for each Gulf Coast State, the amount disbursed under this paragraph shall be based on a formula established by the Council by reg- ulation that is based on a weighted aver- age of the following criteria: (I) 40 percent based on the propor- tionate number of miles of shoreline in each Gulf Coast State that experienced oiling on or before April 10, 2011, com- pared to the total number of miles of shoreline that experienced oiling as a re- sult of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. (II) 40 percent based on the inverse pro- portion of the average distance from the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon at the time of the explosion to the nearest and farthest point of the shoreline that experienced oiling of each Gulf Coast State. (III) 20 percent based on the average population in the 2010 decennial census of coastal counties bordering the Gulf of Mexico within each Gulf Coast State. (iii) Minimum allocation The amount disbursed to a Gulf Coast State for each fiscal year under clause (ii) shall be at least 5 percent of the total amounts made available under this para- graph. (B) Disbursement of funds (i) In general The Council shall disburse amounts to the respective Gulf Coast States in accord- ance with the formula developed under subparagraph (A) for projects, programs, and activities that will improve the eco- systems or economy of the Gulf Coast re- gion, subject to the condition that each Gulf Coast State submits a plan for the ex- penditure of amounts disbursed under this paragraph that meets the following cri- teria: (I) All projects, programs, and activi- ties included in the plan are eligible ac- tivities pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1)(B). (II) The projects, programs, and activi- ties included in the plan contribute to the overall economic and ecological re- covery of the Gulf Coast. (III) The plan takes into consideration the Comprehensive Plan and is con- sistent with the goals and objectives of the Plan, as described in paragraph (2)(B)(i). (ii) Funding (I) In general Except as provided in subclause (II), the plan described in clause (i) may use not more than 25 percent of the funding made available for infrastructure projects eligible under subclauses (VI) and (VII) of paragraph (1)(B)(i). (II) Exception The plan described in clause (i) may propose to use more than 25 percent of the funding made available for infra- structure projects eligible under sub- clauses (VI) and (VII) of paragraph (1)(B)(i) if the plan certifies that— (aa) ecosystem restoration needs in the State will be addressed by the projects in the proposed plan; and (bb) additional investment in infra- structure is required to mitigate the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to the ecosystem or economy. (iii) Development The plan described in clause (i) shall be developed by— (I) in the State of Alabama, the Ala- bama Gulf Coast Recovery Council es- tablished under paragraph (1)(F)(i); (II) in the State of Florida, a con- sortia 4 of local political subdivisions that includes at a minimum 1 represent- ative of each affected county; (III) in the State of Louisiana, the Coastal Protection and Restoration Au- thority of Louisiana; (IV) in the State of Mississippi, the Of- fice of the Governor or an appointee of the Office of the Governor; and Page 504 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (V) in the State of Texas, the Office of the Governor or an appointee of the Of- fice of the Governor. (iv) Approval Not later than 60 days after the date on which a plan is submitted under clause (i), the Council shall approve or disapprove the plan based on the conditions of clause (i). (C) Disapproval If the Council disapproves a plan pursuant to subparagraph (B)(iv), the Council shall— (i) provide the reasons for disapproval in writing; and (ii) consult with the State to address any identified deficiencies with the State plan. (D) Failure to submit adequate plan If a State fails to submit an adequate plan under this paragraph, any funds made avail- able under this paragraph shall remain in the Trust Fund until such date as a plan is submitted and approved pursuant to this paragraph. (E) Judicial review If the Council fails to approve or take ac- tion within 60 days on a plan, as described in subparagraph (B)(iv), the State may obtain expedited judicial review within 90 days of that decision in a district court of the United States, of appropriate jurisdiction and venue, that is located within the State seeking the review. (F) Cost-sharing (i) In general A Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision may use, in whole or in part, amounts made available to that Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision under this paragraph to satisfy the non- Federal share of any project or program that— (I) is authorized by other Federal law; and (II) is an eligible activity described in clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (1)(B). (ii) Effect on other funds The use of funds made available from the Trust Fund under this paragraph to satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of a project or program described in clause (i) shall not affect the priority in which other Federal funds are allocated or awarded. (4) Authorization of interest transfers Of the total amount made available for any fiscal year from the Trust Fund that is equal to the interest earned by the Trust Fund and proceeds from investments made by the Trust Fund in the preceding fiscal year— (A) 50 percent shall be divided equally be- tween— (i) the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Science, Observation, Monitoring, and Technology program authorized in section 1604 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sus- tainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Re- vived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012; and (ii) the centers of excellence research grants authorized in section 1605 of that Act; and (B) 50 percent shall be made available to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Coun- cil to carry out the Comprehensive Plan pur- suant to paragraph (2). (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title III, § 311, as added Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 862; amended Pub. L. 93–207, § 1(4), Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 95–217, §§ 57, 58(a)–(g), (i), (k)–(m), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1593–1596; Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2467; Pub. L. 96–478, § 13(b), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2303; Pub. L. 96–483, § 8, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2362; Pub. L. 96–561, title II, § 238(b), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3300; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 161(5), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 100–4, title V, § 502(b), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 75; Pub. L. 101–380, title II, § 2002(b), title IV, §§ 4201(a), (b), (b)[(c)], 4202(a), (c), 4204, 4301(a), (b), 4305, 4306, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507, 523–527, 532, 533, 540, 541; Pub. L. 102–388, title III, § 349, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1554; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41; Pub. L. 104–324, title XI, §§ 1143, 1144, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3992; Pub. L. 105–383, title IV, § 411, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3432; Pub. L. 108–293, title VII, § 701(a), (b), (d), Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1067, 1068; Pub. L. 109–241, title VI, § 608, title IX, § 901(i), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 558, 564; Pub. L. 112–90, § 10, Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1912; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1603, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 589; Pub. L. 113–281, title III, § 313, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3048; Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3508(b)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXV, § 3541(b)(5), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2323; Pub. L. 117–263, div. K, title CXIII, §§ 11306, 11309(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 4078, 4081; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(a)(201), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4328.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(11), probably means section 1001 of Pub. L. 101–380, known as the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which is classified to section 2701 of this title. The Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tour- ist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012, referred to in subsecs. (a)(35) and (t)(2)(C)(vii)(IV), (VII)(ee), (D)(ii)(III), (IV)(bb), (E)(ii)(II), (4)(A), is subtitle F (§§ 1601–1608) of title I of div. A of Pub. L. 112–141, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 588, which is set out as a note below. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1), (2)(A), (3) and (r), is act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462, which is classified generally to sub- chapter III (§ 1331 et seq.) of chapter 29 of Title 43, Pub- lic Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1301 of Title 43 and Tables. The Deepwater Port Act of 1974, referred to in sub- secs. (b)(1), (2)(A), (3) and (r), is Pub. L. 93–627, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2126, which is classified generally to chap- ter 29 (§ 1501 et seq.) of this title. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1501 of this title and Tables. The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), (2)(A), (3), is Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, which is Page 505 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 classified principally to chapter 38 (§ 1801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 16 and Tables. The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), probably means the date of enact- ment of Pub. L. 95–576, which amended subsec. (b)(2)(B) and which was approved Nov. 2, 1978. The penalty enacted in subclause (bb) of clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) of subsection (b)(2) of section 311 of Public Law 92–500, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), prob- ably means the penalty provision of subsec. (b)(2)(B)(iii)(bb) of this section as added by Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 864, prior to the amend- ment to subsec. (b)(2)(B) by section 1(b)(3) of Pub. L. 95–576. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b)(2)(B)(iii)(bb) read as follows: ‘‘a penalty determined by the number of units discharged multiplied by the amount estab- lished for such unit under clause (iv) of this subpara- graph, but such penalty shall not be more than $5,000,000 in the case of a discharge from a vessel and $500,000 in the case of a discharge from an onshore or offshore facility.’’ Section 4367 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. App. 313), referred to in subsec. (b)(12)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, § 690(a)(21), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2223. Section 1443 of title 19, referred to in subsec. (b)(12)(C), was repealed by Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, § 690(b)(6), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2223. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com- pensation, and Liability Act of 1980, referred to in sub- sec. (c)(4)(B)(ii), is Pub. L. 96–510, Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2767, which is classified principally to chapter 103 (§ 9601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9601 of Title 42 and Tables. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990, referred to in subsecs. (c)(5)(B), (d)(2)(H), and (j)(5)(H), is Pub. L. 101–380, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 484, which is classified principally to chapter 40 (§ 2701 et seq.) of this title. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 2701 et seq.) of chapter 40 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2701 of this title and Tables. Subsection (c)(2) of this section, referred to in subsec. (j)(1), was generally amended by Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, § 4201(a), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 523, and no longer contains provisions establishing a National Contin- gency Plan. However, such provisions are contained in subsec. (d) of this section. Par. (3) of section 1901(a) of this title, referred to in subsec. (j)(5)(B), was redesignated par. (4) by Pub. L. 110–280, § 3(1), July 21, 2008, 122 Stat. 2611. Subsection (i)(l), referred to in subsec. (n), probably should be ‘‘subsection (i)(1)’’. The par. (1) designation was struck out from subsec. (i) by Pub. L. 101–380, title II, §2002(b)(1), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507. CODIFICATION In subsec. (b)(12)(A), ‘‘section 60105 of title 46’’ sub- stituted for ‘‘section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 App. U.S.C. 91)’’ on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, § 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 60105 of Title 46, Shipping. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 117–263, § 11306, added subpar. (C). Subsec. (j)(9). Pub. L. 117–263, § 11309(b)(1), added par. (9). Subsec. (t)(2)(C)(viii). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted ‘‘chapter 10 of title 5’’ for ‘‘Federal Advisory Com- mittee Act’’ in heading and ‘‘chapter 10 of title 5.’’ for ‘‘the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).’’ in text. 2018—Subsec. (a)(26)(D). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted ‘‘section 2101(23)’’ for ‘‘section 2101(17a)’’. 2017—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted ‘‘any facility’’ for ‘‘and any facility’’ and inserted ‘‘, and, for the purposes of applying subsections (b), (c), (e), and (o), any foreign offshore unit (as defined in section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act) or any other facility located seaward of the exclusive economic zone’’ after ‘‘public vessel’’. 2014—Subsec. (j)(4)(A). Pub. L. 113–281, § 313(1), sub- stituted ‘‘qualified—’’ for ‘‘qualified personnel of Fed- eral, State, and local agencies.’’ in introductory provi- sions and added cls. (i) and (ii). Subsec. (j)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 113–281, § 313(2), sub- stituted ‘‘, local, and tribal’’ for ‘‘and local’’ and ‘‘wild- life, including advance planning with respect to the closing and reopening of fishing areas following a dis- charge;’’ for ‘‘wildlife;’’. Subsec. (j)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 113–281, § 313(3), sub- stituted ‘‘, local, and tribal’’ for ‘‘and local’’. Subsec. (j)(4)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 113–281, § 313(4)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘, Federal, State, and local agencies, and trib- al governments’’ for ‘‘and Federal, State, and local agencies’’. Subsec. (j)(4)(C)(vii) to (ix). Pub. L. 113–281, § 313(4)(B), (C), added cl. (vii) and redesignated former cls. (vii) and (viii) as (viii) and (ix), respectively. 2012—Subsec. (a)(27) to (35). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1603(1), added pars. (27) to (35). Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 112–90, § 10(b), substituted ‘‘operating, the Secretary of Transportation, or’’ for ‘‘operating or’’ in concluding provisions. Subsec. (m)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 112–90, § 10(a), which di- rected amendment of subpars. (A) and (B) by sub- stituting ‘‘Administrator, the Secretary of Transpor- tation, or’’ for ‘‘Administrator or’’ was executed by making the substitution the first place appearing in each subpar., to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1603(2), inserted ‘‘except as provided in subsection (t)’’ before period at end. Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1603(3), added subsec. (t). 2006—Subsec. (a)(26). Pub. L. 109–241, § 608, amended par. (26) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (26) read as follows: ‘‘ ‘nontank vessel’ means a self-propelled vessel of 400 gross tons as measured under section 14302 of title 46 or greater, other than a tank vessel, that car- ries oil of any kind as fuel for main propulsion and that— ‘‘(A) is a vessel of the United States; or ‘‘(B) operates on the navigable waters of the United States.’’ Subsec. (j)(5)(A)(ii), (B), (F), and (G). Pub. L. 109–241, § 901(i)(1), substituted ‘‘nontank’’ for ‘‘non-tank’’ wher- ever appearing. Subsec. (j)(5)(H). Pub. L. 109–241, § 901(i)(2), amended directory language of Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(9). See 2004 Amendment note below. 2004—Subsec. (a)(26). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(a), added par. (26). Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(1), inserted ‘‘, nontank vessel,’’ after ‘‘vessel’’ in heading. Subsec. (j)(5)(A). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(2), (d)(3), des- ignated existing text as cl. (i), substituted ‘‘subpara- graph (C)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (B)’’, and added cl. (ii). Subsec. (j)(5)(B). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(2), added sub- par. (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(3), (4), inserted ‘‘, nontank vessels,’’ after ‘‘vessels’’ in introductory provisions, added cl. (ii), and redesignated former cls. (ii) and (iii) as (iii) and (iv), respectively. Subsec. (j)(5)(C). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), (4), redes- ignated subpar. (B) as (C) and substituted ‘‘subpara- graphs (A) and (B)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’ in introduc- tory provisions. Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D). Subsec. (j)(5)(D). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), redesig- nated subpar. (C) as (D). Former subpar (D) redesig- nated (E). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(5), inserted ‘‘, nontank ves- sel,’’ after ‘‘vessel’’ in introductory provisions and added cl. (v). Subsec. (j)(5)(E). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), redesig- nated subpar. (D) as (E). Former subpar. (E) redesig- nated (F). Page 506 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(6), inserted ‘‘non-tank vessel,’’ after ‘‘vessel,’’ in two places. Subsec. (j)(5)(F). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), (5), redes- ignated subpar. (E) as (F) and substituted ‘‘subpara- graph (E),’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (D),’’ in cl. (i). Former subpar. (F) redesignated (G). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(7), inserted ‘‘non-tank vessel,’’ after ‘‘vessel,’’ and substituted ‘‘vessel, non-tank ves- sel, or’’ for ‘‘vessel or’’. Subsec. (j)(5)(G). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), redesig- nated subpar. (F) as (G). Former subpar. (G) redesig- nated (H). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(8), inserted ‘‘nontank vessel,’’ after ‘‘vessel,’’. Subsec. (j)(5)(H). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), redesig- nated subpar. (G) as (H). Former subpar. (H) redesig- nated (I). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(9), as amended by Pub. L. 109–241, § 901(i)(2), inserted ‘‘and nontank vessel’’ after ‘‘each tank vessel’’. Subsec. (j)(5)(I). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(d)(1), redesig- nated subpar. (H) as (I). Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(10), substituted ‘‘The President may require—’’ for ‘‘Not later than 2 years after August 18, 1990, the President shall re- quire—’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (j)(6)(B). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(11), inserted ‘‘, and nontank vessels carrying oil of any kind as fuel for main propulsion,’’ after ‘‘cargo’’. Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 108–293, § 701(b)(12), inserted ‘‘, nontank vessel,’’ after ‘‘vessel’’. 1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–383, § 411(b), sub- stituted ‘‘, (C)’’ for ‘‘and (C)’’ and inserted ‘‘, and (D) discharges incidental to mechanical removal author- ized by the President under subsection (c) of this sec- tion’’ before semicolon at end. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–383, § 411(a)(1), substituted ‘‘to prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage’’ for ‘‘to minimize or mitigate damage’’. Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 105–383, § 411(a)(2), added par. (25). Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–383, § 411(a)(3), inserted ‘‘relating to a discharge or a substantial threat of a dis- charge of oil or a hazardous substance’’ before period at end. 1996—Subsec. (b)(1), (2)(A), (3). Pub. L. 104–208 sub- stituted ‘‘Magnuson-Stevens Fishery’’ for ‘‘Magnuson Fishery’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 104–324, § 1144, inserted ‘‘, except that the owner or operator may deviate from the applicable response plan if the President or the Federal On-Scene Coordinator determines that devi- ation from the response plan would provide for a more expeditious or effective response to the spill or mitiga- tion of its environmental effects’’ before period at end. Subsec. (j)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–324, § 1143(1), inserted ‘‘and of information regarding previous spills, includ- ing data from universities, research institutions, State governments, and other nations, as appropriate, which shall be disseminated as appropriate to response groups and area committees, and’’ after ‘‘paragraph (4),’’. Subsec. (j)(4)(C)(v). Pub. L. 104–324, § 1143(2), inserted ‘‘compile a list of local scientists, both inside and out- side Federal Government service, with expertise in the environmental effects of spills of the types of oil typi- cally transported in the area, who may be contacted to provide information or, where appropriate, participate in meetings of the scientific support team convened in response to a spill, and’’ before ‘‘describe’’. 1992—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 102–388 added par. (12). Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted ‘‘United States Court of Federal Claims’’ for ‘‘United States Claims Court’’. 1990—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(b)(1)[(c)(1)], inserted ‘‘containment and’’ after ‘‘refers to’’. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(b)(2)[(c)(2)], sub- stituted semicolon for period at end. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(b)(3)[(c)(3)], sub- stituted ‘‘otherwise’’ for ‘‘Otherwise’’ and semicolon for period at end. Subsec. (a)(18) to (24). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(b)(4)[(c)(4)], added pars. (18) to (24). Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4204, inserted ‘‘or the environment’’ after ‘‘the public health or welfare’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4301(a), inserted after first sentence ‘‘The Federal agency shall immediately notify the appropriate State agency of any State which is, or may reasonably be expected to be, affected by the discharge of oil or a hazardous substance.’’, substituted ‘‘fined in accordance with title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both’’, struck out ‘‘or informa- tion obtained by the exploitation of such notification’’ before ‘‘shall not be used’’, and inserted ‘‘natural’’ be- fore ‘‘person in any’’. Subsec. (b)(6) to (11). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4301(b), added pars. (6) to (11) and struck out former par. (6) which re- lated to assessment of civil penalties, limited to $5,000 for each offense, against any owner, operator, or person in charge of any onshore or offshore facility from which oil or a hazardous substance was discharged in viola- tion of par. (3). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(a), amended subsec. (c) generally, substituting present provisions for provi- sions authorizing President to arrange for removal of discharge of oil or a hazardous substance into or upon the navigable waters of the U.S., unless he determined such removal would be properly conducted by owner or operator of the vessel causing discharge, and directed President to prepare and publish a National Contin- gency Plan within 60 days after October 18, 1972. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4201(b), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: ‘‘Whenever a marine disaster in or upon the navigable waters of the United States has created a substantial threat of a pollution hazard to the public health or welfare of the United States, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, and wildlife and the pub- lic and private shorelines and beaches of the United States, because of a discharge, or an imminent dis- charge, of large quantities of oil, or of a hazardous sub- stance from a vessel the United States may (A) coordi- nate and direct all public and private efforts directed at the removal or elimination of such threat; and (B) summarily remove, and, if necessary, destroy such ves- sel by whatever means are available without regard to any provisions of law governing the employment of per- sonnel or the expenditure of appropriated funds. Any expense incurred under this subsection or under the Intervention on the High Seas Act (or the convention defined in section 2(3) thereof) shall be a cost incurred by the United States Government for the purposes of subsection (f) in the removal of oil or hazardous sub- stance.’’ Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4306, amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as fol- lows: ‘‘In addition to any other action taken by a State or local government, when the President determines there is an imminent and substantial threat to the pub- lic health or welfare of the United States, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, and wildlife and pub- lic and private property, shorelines, and beaches within the United States, because of an actual or threatened discharge of oil or hazardous substance into or upon the navigable waters of the United States from an on- shore or offshore facility, the President may require the United States attorney of the district in which the threat occurs to secure such relief as may be necessary to abate such threat, and the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to grant such re- lief as the public interest and the equities of the case may require.’’ Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–380, § 2002(b)(1), struck out par. (1) designation before ‘‘In any case’’ and struck out pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows: ‘‘(2) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply in any case where liability is established pursuant to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, or the Deep- water Port Act of 1974. Page 507 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ‘‘(3) Any amount paid in accordance with a judgment of the United States Claims Court pursuant to this sec- tion shall be paid from the funds established pursuant to subsection (k).’’ Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4202(a), amended head- ing, inserted heading for par. (1) and realigned its mar- gin, added pars. (2) to (8), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: ‘‘Any owner or operator of a ves- sel or an onshore facility or an offshore facility and any other person subject to any regulation issued under paragraph (1) of this subsection who fails or refuses to comply with the provisions of any such regulations, shall be liable to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each such violation. This paragraph shall not apply to any owner or operator of any vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of paragraph (3)(ii) of subsection (b) unless such owner, operator, or person in charge is otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Each violation shall be a separate offense. The President may assess and compromise such penalty. No penalty shall be as- sessed until the owner, operator, or other person charged shall have been given notice and an oppor- tunity for a hearing on such charge. In determining the amount of the penalty, or the amount agreed upon in compromise, the gravity of the violation, and the dem- onstrated good faith of the owner, operator, or other person charged in attempting to achieve rapid compli- ance, after notification of a violation, shall be consid- ered by the President.’’ Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–380, § 2002(b)(2), struck out subsec. (k) which authorized appropriations and supple- mental appropriations to create and maintain a revolv- ing fund to carry out subsecs. (c), (d), (i), and (l) of this section. Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–380, § 2002(b)(3), struck out after first sentence ‘‘Any moneys in the fund estab- lished by subsection (k) of this section shall be avail- able to such Federal departments, agencies, and instru- mentalities to carry out the provisions of subsections (c) and (i) of this section.’’ Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4305, amended subsec. (m) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (m) read as follows: ‘‘Anyone authorized by the President to en- force the provisions of this section may, except as to public vessels, (A) board and inspect any vessel upon the navigable waters of the United States or the waters of the contiguous zone, (B) with or without a warrant arrest any person who violates the provisions of this section or any regulation issued thereunder in his pres- ence or view, and (C) execute any warrant or other process issued by an officer or court of competent juris- diction.’’ Subsec. (o)(2). Pub. L. 101–380, § 4202(c), inserted ‘‘, or with respect to any removal activities related to such discharge’’ after ‘‘within such State’’. Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 101–380, § 2002(b)(4), struck out subsec. (p) which provided for establishment and main- tenance of evidence of financial responsibility by ves- sels over 300 gross tons carrying oil or hazardous sub- stances. Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 101–380, § 2002(b)(5), added subsec. (s). 1987—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100–4 substituted ‘‘the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands’’ for ‘‘the Canal Zone’’. 1982—Subsec. (i)(1), (3). Pub. L. 97–164 substituted ‘‘Claims Court’’ for ‘‘Court of Claims’’. 1980—Subsec. (b)(1), (2)(A), (3). Pub. L. 96–561 sub- stituted ‘‘Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Manage- ment Act’’ for ‘‘Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976’’. Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 96–478 struck out ‘‘of oil’’ after ‘‘in the case of such discharges’’ and substituted ‘‘Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Conven- tion for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973’’ for ‘‘International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954, as amended’’. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 96–561 substituted ‘‘Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act’’ for ‘‘Fish- ery Conservation and Management Act of 1976’’. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–483 designated existing provi- sions as par. (1) and added par. (2). 1978—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(1), excluded discharges described in cls. (A) to (C) from term ‘‘dis- charge’’. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(2), added par. (17). Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(3), substituted requirement that a study be made respecting methods, mechanisms, and procedures for creating incentives to achieve higher standard of care in management and movement of hazardous substances, including consider- ation of enumerated items, and a report made to Con- gress within 18 months after Nov. 2, 1978, for provisions concerning actual removability of any designated haz- ardous substance, liability during two year period com- mencing Oct. 18, 1972 based on toxicity, degradability, and dispersal characteristics of the substance limited to $50,000 and without limitation in cases of willful neg- ligence or willful misconduct, liability after such two year period ranging from $500 to $5,000 based on tox- icity, etc., or liability for penalty determined by num- ber of units discharged multiplied by amount estab- lished for the unit limited to $5,000,000 in the case of a discharge from a vessel and to $500,000 in the case of a discharge from onshore or offshore facility, establish- ment by regulation of a unit of measurement based upon the usual trade practice for each designated haz- ardous substance and establishment for such unit a fixed monetary amount ranging from $100 to $1,000 based on toxicity, etc. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(4), substituted ‘‘such quantities as may be harmful’’ for ‘‘harmful quantities’’. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(5), struck out ‘‘, to be issued as soon as possible after October 18, 1972,’’ after ‘‘regulation’’ and substituted ‘‘substances’’ for ‘‘substance’’ and ‘‘discharge of which may be harmful’’ for ‘‘discharge of which, at such times, locations, cir- cumstances, and conditions, will be harmful’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(6), inserted ‘‘at the time of the discharge’’ after ‘‘otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’’. Subsec. (b)(6)(A) to (E). Pub. L. 95–576, § 1(b)(7), des- ignated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted ‘‘at the time of the discharge’’ after ‘‘jurisdiction of the United States’’, and added subpars. (B) to (E). 1977—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(k), inserted ‘‘, and any facility of any kind which is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and is located in, on, or under any other waters,’’ after ‘‘United States’’. Subsec. (a)(15), (16). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(d)(1), added pars. (15) and (16). Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(1), inserted ref- erence to activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974, or which may affect natural resources belonging to, apper- taining to, or under the exclusive management author- ity of the United States (including resources under the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976). Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(2), inserted ref- erence to activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974, or which may affect natural resources belonging to, apper- taining to, or under the exclusive management author- ity of the United States (including resources under the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976). Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 95–217, § 57, added cl. (v). Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(3), (4), designated part of existing provisions preceding cl. (A) as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii), and, in cl. (A), inserted ‘‘or which may affect natural resources belonging to, apper- taining to, or under the exclusive management author- ity of the United States (including resources under the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976)’’ after ‘‘waters of the contiguous zone’’ and struck out ‘‘article IV of’’ before ‘‘the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954’’. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(5), struck out pro- visions under which, in the case of the discharge of oil into or upon the waters of the contiguous zone, only Page 508 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 those discharges which threatened the fishery re- sources of the contiguous zone or threatened to pollute or contribute to the pollution of the territory or the territorial sea of the United States could be determined to be harmful. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(6), added cls. (A), (B), and (C) between ‘‘Any such person’’ and ‘‘who fails to notify’’. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(a)(7), (8), substituted ‘‘Any owner, operator, or person in charge of any on- shore facility, or offshore facility’’ for ‘‘Any owner or operator of any vessel, onshore facility, or offshore fa- cility’’ in provision relating to violations of par. (3) of this subsection, and inserted provisions directing the assessment of a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each offense by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating to be assessed against any owner, operator, or person in charge of any vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is dis- charged in violation of paragraph (3)(i) of this sub- section, and any owner, operator, or person in charge of a vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is dis- charged in violation of paragraph (3)(ii) who is other- wise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(b), (c)(1), inserted ‘‘or there is a substantial threat of such discharge,’’ after ‘‘Whenever any oil or a hazardous substance is discharged,’’ and ‘‘or in connection with activities under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act or the Deepwater Port Act of 1974, or which may affect nat- ural resources belonging to, appertaining to, or under the exclusive management authority of the United States (including resources under the Fishery Con- servation and Management Act of 1976)’’ after ‘‘waters of the contiguous zone,’’. Subsec. (c)(2)(D). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(e), substituted ‘‘and imminent threats of such discharges to the appro- priate State and Federal agencies;’’ for ‘‘to the appro- priate Federal agency;’’. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(c)(2), inserted ‘‘or under the Intervention on the High Seas Act (or the convention defined in section 2(3) thereof)’’ after ‘‘Any expense incurred under this subsection’’. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(d)(2), substituted ‘‘, in the case of an inland oil barge $125 per gross ton of such barge, or $125,000, whichever is greater, and in the case of any other vessel, $150 per gross ton of such vessel (or, for a vessel carrying oil or hazardous sub- stances as cargo, $250,000), whichever is greater,’’ for ‘‘$100 per gross ton of such vessel or $14,000,000, which- ever is lesser,’’. Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(d)(5), (6), sub- stituted ‘‘$50,000,000’’ for ‘‘$8,000,000’’. Subsec. (f)(4), (5). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(g), added pars. (4) and (5). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(d)(3), (f), substituted ‘‘, in the case of an inland oil barge $125 per gross ton of such barge, or $125,000, whichever is greater, and in the case of any other vessel, $150 per gross ton of such vessel (or, for a vessel carrying oil or hazardous sub- stances as cargo, $250,000), whichever is greater’’ for ‘‘$100 per gross ton of such vessel or $14,000,000, which- ever is the lesser’’ in the existing provisions and in- serted provision under which, where the owner or oper- ator of a vessel (other than an inland oil barge) car- rying oil or hazardous substances as cargo or an on- shore or offshore facility which handles or stores oil or hazardous substances in bulk, from which oil or a haz- ardous substance is discharged in violation of subsec. (b) of this section, alleges that the discharge was caused solely by an act or omission of a third party, the owner or operator must pay to the United States Government the actual costs incurred under subsec. (c) of this section for removal of the oil or substance and shall be entitled by subrogation to all rights of the United States Government to recover the costs from the third party under this subsection. Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(m), inserted ref- erence to the Deepwater Port Act of 1974. Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(c)(3), inserted provi- sion that subsec. (j)(2) shall not apply to any owner or operator of any vessel from which oil or a hazardous substance is discharged in violation of subsec. (b)(3)(ii) of this section unless the owner, operator, or person in charge is otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(l), substituted ‘‘such sums as may be necessary to maintain such fund at a level of $35,000,000’’ for ‘‘not to exceed $35,000,000’’. Subsec. (p)(1). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(d)(4), substituted ‘‘, in the case of an inland oil barge $125 per gross ton of such barge, or $125,000, whichever is greater, and in the case of any other vessel, $150 per gross ton of such vessel (or, for a vessel carrying oil or hazardous sub- stances as cargo, $250,000), whichever is greater,’’ for ‘‘$100 per gross ton, or $14,000,000 whichever is the less- er,’’. Subsecs. (q), (r). Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(i), added subsecs. (q) and (r). 1973—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–207, § 1(4)(A), (B), sub- stituted ‘‘(b)(3)’’ for ‘‘(b)(2)’’ wherever appearing in pars. (1) to (3), and substituted ‘‘Administrator’’ for ‘‘Secretary’’ in last sentence of par. (2). Subsecs. (g), (i). Pub. L. 93–207, § 1(4)(C), substituted ‘‘(b)(3)’’ for ‘‘(b)(2)’’ wherever appearing. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effec- tive and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, § 901(i)(2), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 564, provided in part that the amendment made by section 901(i)(2) is effective Aug. 9, 2004. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1992 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 101–380 applicable to incidents occurring after Aug. 18, 1990, see section 1020 of Pub. L. 101–380, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2701 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Proce- dure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 96–561, title II, § 238(b), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3300, provided that the amendment made by that sec- tion is effective 15 days after Dec. 22, 1980. Amendment by Pub. L. 96–478 effective Oct. 2, 1983, see section 14(a) of Pub. L. 96–478, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 1901 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(h), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1596, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (d) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect 180 days after the date of en- actment of the Clean Water Act of 1977 [Dec. 27, 1977].’’ RULE OF CONSTRUCTION Nothing in amendment made by section 11309(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263 to be construed to satisfy any require- Page 509 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ment for government-to-government consultation with Tribal governments or to affect or modify any treaty or other right of any Tribal government, see section 11003 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 245 of Title 6, Domestic Security. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relat- ing thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Secu- rity, and the Department of Homeland Security Reor- ganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. LIMITED INDEMNITY PROVISIONS IN STANDBY OIL SPILL RESPONSE CONTRACTS Pub. L. 117–263, div. K, title CXIII, § 11307, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 4078, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsections (b) and (c), a contract with the Coast Guard for the containment or removal of a discharge entered into by the President under section 311(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(c)) shall contain a provision to indemnify a contractor for liabilities and expenses incidental to the containment or removal arising out of the performance of the contract that is substantially identical to the terms contained in subsections (d) through (h) of section H.4 (except for paragraph (1) of subsection (d)) of the contract offered by the Coast Guard in the solicitation numbered DTCG89–98– A–68F953, dated November 17, 1998. ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.— ‘‘(1) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—The provision required under subsection (a) shall include a provision that the obligation to indemnify is limited to funds avail- able in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund established by section 9509(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 9509(a)] at the time the claim for indemnity is made. ‘‘(2) UNCOMPENSATED REMOVAL.—A claim for indem- nity under a contract described in subsection (a) shall be made as a claim for uncompensated removal costs under section 1012(a)(4) of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2712(a)(4)). ‘‘(3) LIMITATION.—The total indemnity for a claim under a contract described in subsection (a) may not be more than $50,000 per incident. ‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY OF EXEMPTIONS.—Notwithstanding subsection (a), the United States shall not be obligated to indemnify a contractor for any act or omission of the contractor carried out pursuant to a contract en- tered into under this section where such act or omis- sion is grossly negligent or which constitutes willful misconduct.’’ ESTABLISHMENT OF WESTERN ALASKA OIL SPILL PLANNING CRITERIA Pub. L. 117–263, div. K, title CXIII, § 11309(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 4085, provided that: ‘‘(A) DEADLINE.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the President shall establish the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria required to be established under paragraph (9)(D)(i) of section 311(j) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)). ‘‘(B) CONSULTATION.—In establishing the Western Alaska oil spill planning criteria described in subpara- graph (A), the President shall consult with the Federal agencies, State and local governments, Tribes (as de- fined in section 323 of title 14, United States Code), the owners and operators that would be subject to such planning criteria, oil spill removal organizations, Alas- ka Native organizations, and environmental non- governmental organizations. ‘‘(C) CONGRESSIONAL REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the status of implementation of paragraph (9) of section 311(j) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)).’’ [Nothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 117–263 to be construed to satisfy any requirement for government- to-government consultation with Tribal governments or to affect or modify any treaty or other right of any Tribal government, see section 11003 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 245 of Title 6, Domestic Security.] [For definition of ‘‘Secretary’’ as used in section 11309(b)(2) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out above, see section 11002 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 106 of Title 14, Coast Guard.] TERMINATION OF UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF THE CANAL ZONE For termination of the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone at end of the ‘‘transi- tion period’’, being the 30-month period beginning Oct. 1, 1979, and ending midnight Mar. 31, 1982, see Para- graph 5 of Article XI of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and sections 2101 and 2201 to 2203 of Pub. L. 96–70, title II, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 493, formerly classified to sections 3831 and 3841 to 3843, respectively, of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. COAST GUARD RESPONSE PLAN REQUIREMENTS Pub. L. 117–263, div. K, title CXIII, § 11315, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 4087, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap- propriations, the Commandant [of the Coast Guard] shall develop and carry out a program— ‘‘(1) to increase collection and improve the quality of incident data on oil spill location and response ca- pability by periodically evaluating the data, docu- mentation, and analysis of— ‘‘(A) Coast Guard-approved vessel response plans, including vessel response plan audits and assess- ments; ‘‘(B) oil spill response drills conducted under sec- tion 311(j)(7) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)(7)) that occur within the Ma- rine Transportation System; and ‘‘(C) responses to oil spill incidents that require mobilization of contracted response resources; ‘‘(2) to improve the effectiveness of vessel response plans by— ‘‘(A) systematically reviewing the capacity of an oil spill response organization identified in a vessel response plan to provide the specific response re- sources, such as private personnel, equipment, other vessels identified in such vessel response plan; and ‘‘(B) approving a vessel response plan only after confirming the identified oil spill response organi- zation has the capacity to provide such response re- sources; ‘‘(3) to update, not less frequently than annually, information contained in the Coast Guard Response Resource Inventory and other Coast Guard tools used to document the availability and status of oil spill re- sponse equipment, so as to ensure that such informa- tion remains current; and ‘‘(4) subject to section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the ‘Freedom of Informa- tion Act’), to make data collected under paragraph (1) available to the public. ‘‘(b) POLICY.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Commandant shall issue a policy— ‘‘(1) to establish processes to maintain the program under subsection (a) and support Coast Guard oil spill prevention and response activities, including by in- corporating oil spill incident data from after-action oil spill reports and data ascertained from vessel re- sponse plan exercises and audits into— ‘‘(A) review and approval process standards and metrics; Page 510 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ‘‘(B) alternative planning criteria review proc- esses; ‘‘(C) Area Contingency Plan development; ‘‘(D) risk assessments developed under section 70001 of title 46, United States Code, including les- sons learned from reportable marine casualties; ‘‘(E) processes and standards which mitigate the impact of military personnel rotations in Coast Guard field units on knowledge and awareness of vessel response plan requirements, including knowledge relating to the evaluation of proposed alternatives to national planning requirements; and ‘‘(F) processes and standards which evaluate the consequences of reporting inaccurate data in vessel response plans submitted to the Commandant pur- suant to part 300 of title 40, Code of Federal Regula- tions, and submitted for storage in the Marine In- formation for Safety and Law Enforcement data- base pursuant to section 300.300 of such title (or any successor regulation); ‘‘(2) to standardize and develop tools, training, and other relevant guidance that may be shared with ves- sel owners and operators to assist with accurately calculating and measuring the performance and via- bility of proposed alternatives to national planning criteria requirements and Area Contingency Plans administered by the Coast Guard; ‘‘(3) to improve training of Coast Guard personnel to ensure continuity of planning activities under this section, including by identifying ways in which civil- ian staffing may improve the continuity of oper- ations; and ‘‘(4) to increase Federal Government engagement with State, local, and Tribal governments and stake- holders so as to strengthen coordination and effi- ciency of oil spill responses. ‘‘(c) PERIODIC UPDATES.—Not less frequently than every 5 years, the Commandant shall update the proc- esses established under subsection (b)(1) to incorporate relevant analyses of— ‘‘(1) incident data on oil spill location and response quality; ‘‘(2) oil spill risk assessments; ‘‘(3) oil spill response effectiveness and the effects of such response on the environment; ‘‘(4) oil spill response drills conducted under section 311(j)(7) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)(7)); ‘‘(5) marine casualties reported to the Coast Guard; and ‘‘(6) near miss incidents documented by a vessel traffic service center (as such terms are defined in sections 70001(m) of title 46, United States Code). ‘‘(d) REPORT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually there- after for 5 years, the Commandant shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- tation of the Senate and the Committee on Transpor- tation and Infrastructure of the House of Representa- tives a briefing on the status of ongoing and planned efforts to improve the effectiveness and oversight of the program established under subsection (a) and ves- sel response plan approvals. ‘‘(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Commandant shall publish the briefing required under paragraph (1) on a publicly accessible website of the Coast Guard.’’ [Nothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 117–263 to be construed to satisfy any requirement for government- to-government consultation with Tribal governments or to affect or modify any treaty or other right of any Tribal government, see section 11003 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 245 of Title 6, Domestic Security.] Pub. L. 115–282, title VIII, § 823(a), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4311, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), the Commandant of the Coast Guard may approve a vessel response plan under section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Con- trol Act (33 U.S.C. 1321) for a vessel operating in any area covered by the Captain of the Port Zone (as estab- lished by the Commandant) that includes the Arctic, if the Commandant verifies that— ‘‘(A) equipment required to be available for re- sponse under the plan has been tested and proven ca- pable of operating in the environmental conditions expected in the area in which it is intended to be op- erated; and ‘‘(B) the operators of such equipment have con- ducted training on the equipment within the area covered by such Captain of the Port Zone. ‘‘(2) POST-APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS.—In approving a vessel response plan under paragraph (1), the Com- mandant shall— ‘‘(A) require that the oil spill removal organization identified in the vessel response plan conduct regular exercises and drills using the response resources iden- tified in the plan in the area covered by the Captain of the Port Zone that includes the Arctic; and ‘‘(B) allow such oil spill removal organization to take credit for a response to an actual spill or release in the area covered by such Captain of the Port Zone, instead of conducting an exercise or drill required under subparagraph (A), if the oil spill removal orga- nization— ‘‘(i) documents which exercise or drill require- ments were met during the response; and ‘‘(ii) submits a request for credit to, and receives approval from, the Commandant.’’ Pub. L. 113–281, title III, § 317, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3050, provided that: ‘‘(a) VESSEL RESPONSE PLAN CONTENTS.—The Sec- retary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall require that each vessel response plan prepared for a mobile offshore drilling unit includes in- formation from the facility response plan prepared for the mobile offshore drilling unit regarding the planned response to a worst case discharge, and to a threat of such a discharge. ‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: ‘‘(1) MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNIT.—The term ‘mobile offshore drilling unit’ has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701). ‘‘(2) RESPONSE PLAN.—The term ‘response plan’ means a response plan prepared under section 311(j) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)). ‘‘(3) WORST CASE DISCHARGE.—The term ‘worst case discharge’ has the meaning given that term under section 311(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(a)). ‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the Coast Guard to review or approve a facility response plan for a mobile offshore drilling unit.’’ RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY, TOURIST OPPORTUNITIES, AND REVIVED ECONOMIES OF THE GULF COAST STATES Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, subtitle F, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 588, provided that: ‘‘SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘This subtitle may be cited as the ‘Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012’. ‘‘SEC. 1602. GULF COAST RESTORATION TRUST FUND. ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the ‘Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund’ (referred to in this section as the ‘Trust Fund’), consisting of such amounts as are deposited in the Trust Fund under this Act [probably means this subtitle] or any other provi- sion of law. ‘‘(b) TRANSFERS.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the Trust Fund an amount equal to 80 per- Page 511 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 cent of all administrative and civil penalties paid by responsible parties after the date of enactment of this Act [July 6, 2012] in connection with the explosion on, and sinking of, the mobile offshore drilling unit Deep- water Horizon pursuant to a court order, negotiated set- tlement, or other instrument in accordance with sec- tion 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321). ‘‘(c) EXPENDITURES.—Amounts in the Trust Fund, in- cluding interest earned on advances to the Trust Fund and proceeds from investment under subsection (d), shall— ‘‘(1) be available for expenditure, without further appropriation, solely for the purpose and eligible ac- tivities of this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle [amending this section]; and ‘‘(2) remain available until expended, without fiscal year limitation. ‘‘(d) INVESTMENT.—Amounts in the Trust Fund shall be invested in accordance with section 9702 of title 31, United States Code, and any interest on, and proceeds from, any such investment shall be available for ex- penditure in accordance with this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle. ‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, after providing no- tice and an opportunity for public comment, the Sec- retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Sec- retary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, shall establish such procedures as the Secretary deter- mines to be necessary to deposit amounts in, and ex- pend amounts from, the Trust Fund pursuant to this subtitle, including— ‘‘(1) procedures to assess whether the programs and activities carried out under this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle achieve compli- ance with applicable requirements, including proce- dures by which the Secretary of the Treasury may de- termine whether an expenditure by a Gulf Coast State or coastal political subdivision (as those terms are defined in section 311 of the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321)) pursuant to such a program or activity achieves compliance; ‘‘(2) auditing requirements to ensure that amounts in the Trust Fund are expended as intended; and ‘‘(3) procedures for identification and allocation of funds available to the Secretary under other provi- sions of law that may be necessary to pay the admin- istrative expenses directly attributable to the man- agement of the Trust Fund. ‘‘(f) SUNSET.—The authority for the Trust Fund shall terminate on the date all funds in the Trust Fund have been expended. ‘‘SEC. 1603. GULF COAST NATURAL RESOURCES RESTORATION AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY. ‘‘[Amended this section.] ‘‘SEC. 1604. GULF COAST ECOSYSTEM RESTORA- TION SCIENCE, OBSERVATION, MONITORING, AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: ‘‘(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ‘‘(2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘Commission’ means the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission. ‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the Di- rector of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. ‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Science, Observation, Monitoring, and Technology program established under this section. ‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [July 6, 2012], the Ad- ministrator, in consultation with the Director, shall establish the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Science, Observation, Monitoring, and Technology program to carry out research, observation, and mon- itoring to support, to the maximum extent prac- ticable, the long-term sustainability of the eco- system, fish stocks, fish habitat, and the rec- reational, commercial, and charter fishing industry in the Gulf of Mexico. ‘‘(2) EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS.—For each fiscal year, amounts made available to carry out this subsection may be expended for, with respect to the Gulf of Mex- ico— ‘‘(A) marine and estuarine research; ‘‘(B) marine and estuarine ecosystem monitoring and ocean observation; ‘‘(C) data collection and stock assessments; ‘‘(D) pilot programs for— ‘‘(i) fishery independent data; and ‘‘(ii) reduction of exploitation of spawning ag- gregations; and ‘‘(E) cooperative research. ‘‘(3) COOPERATION WITH THE COMMISSION.—For each fiscal year, amounts made available to carry out this subsection may be transferred to the Commission to establish a fisheries monitoring and research pro- gram, with respect to the Gulf of Mexico. ‘‘(4) CONSULTATION.—The Administrator and the Di- rector shall consult with the Regional Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council and the Commission in carrying out the program. ‘‘(c) SPECIES INCLUDED.—The research, monitoring, assessment, and programs eligible for amounts made available under the program shall include all marine, estuarine, aquaculture, and fish species in State and Federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. ‘‘(d) RESEARCH PRIORITIES.—In distributing funding under this subsection, priority shall be given to inte- grated, long-term projects that— ‘‘(1) build on, or are coordinated with, related re- search activities; and ‘‘(2) address current or anticipated marine eco- system, fishery, or wildlife management information needs. ‘‘(e) DUPLICATION.—In carrying out this section, the Administrator, in consultation with the Director, shall seek to avoid duplication of other research and moni- toring activities. ‘‘(f) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS.—The Ad- ministrator, in consultation with the Director, shall develop a plan for the coordination of projects and ac- tivities between the program and other existing Fed- eral and State science and technology programs in the States of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, as well as between the centers of excellence. ‘‘(g) LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not more than 3 percent of funds provided in subsection (h) shall be used for adminis- trative expenses. ‘‘(2) NOAA.—The funds provided in subsection (h) may not be used— ‘‘(A) for any existing or planned research led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, unless agreed to in writing by the grant re- cipient; ‘‘(B) to implement existing regulations or initiate new regulations promulgated or proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; or ‘‘(C) to develop or approve a new limited access privilege program (as that term is used in section 303A of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conserva- tion and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1853a)) for any fishery under the jurisdiction of the South Atlan- tic, Mid-Atlantic, New England, or Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Councils. ‘‘(h) FUNDING.—Of the total amount made available for each fiscal year for the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund established under section 1602, 2.5 percent shall be available to carry out the program. ‘‘(i) SUNSET.—The program shall cease operations when all funds in the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund established under section 1602 have been ex- pended. Page 512 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ‘‘SEC. 1605. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE RESEARCH GRANTS. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Of the total amount made avail- able for each fiscal year from the Gulf Coast Restora- tion Trust Fund established under section 1602, 2.5 per- cent shall be made available to the Gulf Coast States (as defined in section 311(a) of the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1321(a)] (as added by section 1603 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012)), in equal shares, exclu- sively for grants in accordance with subsection (c) to establish centers of excellence to conduct research only on the Gulf Coast Region (as defined in section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33. [sic] U.S.C. 1321)). ‘‘(b) APPROVAL BY STATE ENTITY, TASK FORCE, OR AGENCY.—The duties of a Gulf Coast State under this section shall be carried out by the applicable Gulf Coast State entities, task forces, or agencies listed in section 311(t)(1)(F) of the Federal Water Pollution Con- trol Act (as added by section 1603 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012), and for the State of Florida, a consortium of pub- lic and private research institutions within the State, which shall include the Florida Department of Environ- mental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, for that Gulf Coast State. ‘‘(c) GRANTS.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A Gulf Coast State shall use the amounts made available to carry out this section to award competitive grants to nongovernmental enti- ties and consortia in the Gulf Coast region (including public and private institutions of higher education) for the establishment of centers of excellence as de- scribed in subsection (d). ‘‘(2) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant under this subsection, an entity or consortium de- scribed in paragraph (1) shall submit to a Gulf Coast State an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Gulf Coast State determines to be appropriate. ‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this sub- section, a Gulf Coast State shall give priority to enti- ties and consortia that demonstrate the ability to es- tablish the broadest cross-section of participants with interest and expertise in any discipline de- scribed in subsection (d) on which the proposal of the center of excellence will be focused. ‘‘(4) REPORTING.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each Gulf Coast State shall provide annually to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Res- toration Council established under section 311(t)(2)(C) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [31 U.S.C. 1321(t)(2)(C)] (as added by section 1603 of the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012) information re- garding all grants, including the amount, discipline or disciplines, and recipients of the grants, and in the case of any grant awarded to a consortium, the membership of the consortium. ‘‘(B) INCLUSION.—The Gulf Coast Ecosystem Res- toration Council shall include the information re- ceived under subparagraph (A) in the annual report to Congress of the Council required under section 311(t)(2)(C)(vii)(VII) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (as added by section 1603 of the Re- sources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Op- portunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012). ‘‘(d) DISCIPLINES.—Each center of excellence shall focus on science, technology, and monitoring in at least 1 of the following disciplines: ‘‘(1) Coastal and deltaic sustainability, restoration and protection, including solutions and technology that allow citizens to live in a safe and sustainable manner in a coastal delta in the Gulf Coast Region. ‘‘(2) Coastal fisheries and wildlife ecosystem re- search and monitoring in the Gulf Coast Region. ‘‘(3) Offshore energy development, including re- search and technology to improve the sustainable and safe development of energy resources in the Gulf of Mexico. ‘‘(4) Sustainable and resilient growth, economic and commercial development in the Gulf Coast Region. ‘‘(5) Comprehensive observation, monitoring, and mapping of the Gulf of Mexico. ‘‘SEC. 1606. EFFECT. ‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL.— In this section, the term ‘Deepwater Horizon oil spill’ has the meaning given the term in section 311(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(a)). ‘‘(b) EFFECT AND APPLICATION.—Nothing in this sub- title or any amendment made by this subtitle— ‘‘(1) supersedes or otherwise affects any other provi- sion of Federal law, including, in particular, laws pro- viding recovery for injury to natural resources under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) and laws for the protection of public health and the environment; or ‘‘(2) applies to any fine collected under section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321) for any incident other than the Deepwater Hori- zon oil spill. ‘‘(c) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds made available under this subtitle may be used only for eligible activities specifi- cally authorized by this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle. ‘‘SEC. 1607. RESTORATION AND PROTECTION AC- TIVITY LIMITATIONS. ‘‘(a) WILLING SELLER.—Funds made available under this subtitle may only be used to acquire land or inter- ests in land by purchase, exchange, or donation from a willing seller. ‘‘(b) ACQUISITION OF FEDERAL LAND.—None of the funds made available under this subtitle may be used to acquire land in fee title by the Federal Government un- less— ‘‘(1) the land is acquired by exchange or donation; or ‘‘(2) the acquisition is necessary for the restoration and protection of the natural resources, ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands of the Gulf Coast region and has the concurrence of the Governor of the State in which the acquisition will take place. ‘‘SEC. 1608. INSPECTOR GENERAL. ‘‘The Office of the Inspector General of the Depart- ment of the Treasury shall have authority to conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and investigations of projects, programs, and activities funded under this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle.’’ RULEMAKINGS Pub. L. 111–281, title VII, § 701(a), (b), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 2980, provided that: ‘‘(a) STATUS REPORT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 2010], the Sec- retary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall provide a report to the Senate Com- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on the status of all Coast Guard rulemakings required or otherwise being developed (but for which no final rule has been issued as of the date of enactment of this Act) under section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321). ‘‘(2) INFORMATION REQUIRED.—The Secretary shall include in the report required in paragraph (1)— ‘‘(A) a detailed explanation with respect to each such rulemaking as to— ‘‘(i) what steps have been completed; ‘‘(ii) what areas remain to be addressed; and ‘‘(iii) the cause of any delays; and ‘‘(B) the date by which a final rule may reason- ably be expected to be issued. Page 513 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ‘‘(b) FINAL RULES.—The Secretary shall issue a final rule in each pending rulemaking described in sub- section (a) as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.’’ IMPLEMENTATION DATE FOR VESSEL RESPONSE PLANS FOR NONTANK VESSELS Pub. L. 108–293, title VII, § 701(c), Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1068, provided that: ‘‘No later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 9, 2004], the owner or operator of a nontank vessel (as defined [sic] section 311(j)(9) [311(a)(26)] of the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321(j)(9) [1321(a)(26)], as amended by this section) shall prepare and submit a vessel response plan for such vessel.’’ REPORT ON OIL SPILL RESPONDER IMMUNITY Pub. L. 107–295, title IV, § 440, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2130, provided that: ‘‘(a) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than January 1, 2004, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, jointly with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior, and after consultation with the Administrator of the Environ- mental Protection Agency and the Attorney General, shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the immunity from crimi- nal and civil penalties provided under existing law of a private responder (other than a responsible party) in the case of the incidental take of federally listed fish or wildlife that results from, but is not the purpose of, carrying out an otherwise lawful activity conducted by that responder during an oil spill removal activity where the responder was acting in a manner consistent with the National Contingency Plan or as otherwise di- rected by the Federal On-Scene Coordinator for the spill, and on the circumstances under which such pen- alties have been or could be imposed on a private re- sponder. The report shall take into consideration the procedures under the Inter-Agency Memorandum for addressing incidental takes. ‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— ‘‘(1) the term ‘Federal On-Scene Coordinator’ has the meaning given that term in section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321); ‘‘(2) the term ‘incidental take’ has the meaning given that term in the Inter-Agency Memorandum; ‘‘(3) the term ‘Inter-Agency Memorandum’ means the Inter-Agency Memorandum of Agreement Re- garding Oil Spill Planning and Response Activities under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act’s Na- tional Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Con- tingency Plan and the Endangered Species Act [of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.], effective on July 22, 2001; ‘‘(4) the terms ‘National Contingency Plan’, ‘re- moval’, and ‘responsible party’ have the meanings given those terms under section 1001 of the Oil Pollu- tion Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701); and ‘‘(5) the term ‘private responder’ means a non- governmental entity or individual that is carrying out an oil spill removal activity at the direction of a Federal agency or a responsible party.’’ OIL SPILL LIABILITY UNDER OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990 Pub. L. 101–380, title II, § 2002(a), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507, provided that: ‘‘Subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) of section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321) shall not apply with respect to any incident for which liability is established under section 1002 of this Act [33 U.S.C. 2702].’’ TRANSFER OF MONEYS TO OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND Pub. L. 101–380, title II, § 2002(b)(2), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 507, provided that: ‘‘Subsection (k) [of this sec- tion] is repealed. Any amounts remaining in the revolv- ing fund established under that subsection shall be de- posited in the [Oil Spill Liability Trust] Fund. The Fund shall assume all liability incurred by the revolv- ing fund established under that subsection.’’ REVISION OF NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, § 4201(c)[(d)], Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 527, provided that: ‘‘Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the President shall revise and republish the National Contingency Plan prepared under section 311(c)(2) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2)] (as in effect immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act) to implement the amend- ments made by this section and section 4202 [amending this section].’’ [For delegation of functions of President under sec- tion 4201(c) of Pub. L. 101–380, set out above, see Ex. Ord. No. 12580, Jan. 23, 1987, 52 F.R. 2923, as amended, set out as a note under section 9615 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.] IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL PLANNING AND RESPONSE SYSTEM Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, § 4202(b), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 531, provided that: ‘‘(1) AREA COMMITTEES AND CONTINGENCY PLANS.—(A) Not later than 6 months after the date of the enact- ment of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the President shall des- ignate the areas for which Area Committees are estab- lished under section 311(j)(4) of the Federal Water Pol- lution Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1321(j)(4)], as amended by this Act. In designating such areas, the President shall ensure that all navigable waters, adjoining shorelines, and waters of the exclusive economic zone are subject to an Area Contingency Plan under that section. ‘‘(B) Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, each Area Committee estab- lished under that section shall submit to the President the Area Contingency Plan required under that section. ‘‘(C) Not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall— ‘‘(i) promptly review each plan; ‘‘(ii) require amendments to any plan that does not meet the requirements of section 311(j)(4) of the Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Act; and ‘‘(iii) approve each plan that meets the require- ments of that section. ‘‘(2) NATIONAL RESPONSE UNIT.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall establish a National Response Unit in accordance with section 311(j)(2) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by this Act. ‘‘(3) COAST GUARD DISTRICT RESPONSE GROUPS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall establish Coast Guard District Response Groups in accordance with section 311(j)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by this Act. ‘‘(4) TANK VESSEL AND FACILITY RESPONSE PLANS; TRANSITION PROVISION; EFFECTIVE DATE OF PROHIBI- TION.—(A) Not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall issue regulations for tank vessel and facility response plans under section 311(j)(5) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by this Act. ‘‘(B) During the period beginning 30 months after the date of the enactment of this paragraph [Aug. 18, 1990] and ending 36 months after that date of enactment, a tank vessel or facility for which a response plan is re- quired to be prepared under section 311(j)(5) of the Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by this Act, may not handle, store, or transport oil unless the owner or operator thereof has submitted such a plan to the President. ‘‘(C) Subparagraph (E) of section 311(j)(5) of the Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by this Page 514 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 Act, shall take effect 36 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.’’ DEPOSIT OF CERTAIN PENALTIES INTO OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND Penalties paid pursuant to this section and sections 1319(c) and 1501 et seq. of this title to be deposited in the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund created under sec- tion 9509 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 4304 of Pub. L. 101–380, set out as a note under section 9509 of Title 26. ALLOWABLE DELAY IN ESTABLISHING FINANCIAL RE- SPONSIBILITY FOR INCREASE IN AMOUNTS UNDER 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–217, § 58(j), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1596, pro- vided that: ‘‘No vessel subject to the increased amounts which result from the amendments made by sub- sections (d)(2), (d)(3), and (d)(4) of this section [amend- ing this section] shall be required to establish any evi- dence of financial responsibility under section 311(p) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [subsec. (p) of this section] for such increased amounts before October 1, 1978.’’ Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Enforcement functions of Administrator or other offi- cial of the Environmental Protection Agency under this section relating to spill prevention, containment and countermeasure plans with respect to pre-construc- tion, construction, and initial operation of transpor- tation system for Canadian and Alaskan natural gas were transferred to the Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transpor- tation System, until the first anniversary of the date of initial operation of the Alaska Natural Gas Transpor- tation System, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1979, §§ 102(a), 203(a), 44 F.R. 33663, 33666, 93 Stat. 1373, 1376, effective July 1, 1979, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Govern- ment Organization and Employees. Office of Federal In- spector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Sys- tem abolished and functions and authority vested in In- spector transferred to Secretary of Energy by section 3012(b) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as an Abolition of Of- fice of Federal Inspector note under section 719e of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Functions and authority vested in Secretary of Energy subsequently transferred to Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Trans- portation Projects by section 720d(f) of Title 15. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of certain functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12580, Jan. 23, 1987, 52 F.R. 2923, as amended, set out as a note under section 9615 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Is- lands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE OF UNITED STATES For extension of territorial sea and contiguous zone of United States, see Proc. No. 5928 and Proc. No. 7219, respectively, set out as notes under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11735 Ex. Ord. No. 11735, Aug. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 21243, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12418, May 5, 1983, 48 F.R. 20891, which assigned functions of the President regard- ing water pollution, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12777, § 8(i), Oct. 18, 1991, 56 F.R. 54769, set out below. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12418 Ex. Ord. No. 12418, May 5, 1983, 48 F.R. 20891, which transferred certain functions relating to the financial responsibility of vessels for water pollution and estab- lished authority of Federal agencies to respond to dis- charges or substantial threats of discharges of oil and hazardous substances, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12777, § 8(i), Oct. 18, 1991, 56 F.R. 54769, set out below. EX. ORD. NO. 12777. IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION AND OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990 Ex. Ord. No. 12777, Oct. 18, 1991, 56 F.R. 54757, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, § 34, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10625; Ex. Ord. No. 13638, § 1, Mar. 15, 2013, 78 F.R. 17589, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, (‘‘FWPCA’’) (33 U.S.C. 1321), as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–380) (‘‘OPA’’), and by Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. National Contingency Plan, Area Committees, and Area Contingency Plans. (a) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12580, set out as a note under section 9615 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.] (b) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(4) of FWPCA, and Section 4202(b)(1) of OPA [set out as a note above], respecting the designation of Areas, the appointment of Area Committee members, the requiring of information to be included in Area Contingency Plans, and the review and approval of Area Contingency Plans are delegated to the Adminis- trator of the Environmental Protection Agency (‘‘Ad- ministrator’’) for the inland zone and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating for the coastal zone (inland and coastal zones are de- fined in the NCP). SEC. 2. National Response System. (a) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(1)(A) of FWPCA, respecting the establishment of methods and procedures for the removal of discharged oil and haz- ardous substances, and by Section 311(j)(1)(B) of FWPCA respecting the establishment of criteria for the development and implementation of local and regional oil and hazardous substance removal contingency plans, are delegated to the Administrator for the inland zone and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating for the coastal zone. (b)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 311(j)(1)(C) of FWPCA, respecting the establish- ment of procedures, methods, and equipment and other requirements for equipment to prevent and to contain discharges of oil and hazardous substances from non- transportation-related onshore facilities, are delegated to the Administrator. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(1)(C) of FWPCA, respecting the establishment of procedures, methods, and equipment and other require- ments for equipment to prevent and to contain dis- charges of oil and hazardous substances from vessels and transportation-related onshore facilities and deep- water ports subject to the Deepwater Ports [Port] Act of 1974 (‘‘DPA’’) [33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.], are delegated to the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(1)(C) of FWPCA, respecting the establishment of procedures, methods, and equipment and other require- ments for equipment to prevent and to contain dis- charges of oil and hazardous substances from offshore facilities, including associated pipelines, other than deepwater ports subject to the DPA, are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. (c) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(1)(D) of FWPCA, respecting the inspection of ves- sels carrying cargoes of oil and hazardous substances and the inspection of such cargoes, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (d)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 311(j)(5) of FWPCA and Section 4202(b)(4) of OPA [set out as a note above], respecting the issuance of Page 515 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 regulations requiring the owners or operators of non- transportation-related onshore facilities to prepare and submit response plans, the approval of means to ensure the availability of private personnel and equipment, the review and approval of such response plans, and the authorization of non-transportation-related onshore fa- cilities to operate without approved response plans, are delegated to the Administrator. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(5) of FWPCA and Section 4202(b)(4) of OPA, re- specting the issuance of regulations requiring the own- ers or operators of tank vessels, transportation-related onshore facilities and deepwater ports subject to the DPA, to prepare and submit response plans, the ap- proval of means to ensure the availability of private personnel and equipment, the review and approval of such response plans, and the authorization of tank ves- sels, transportation-related onshore facilities and deep- water ports subject to the DPA to operate without ap- proved response plans, are delegated to the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(5) of FWPCA and Section 4202(b)(4) of OPA, re- specting the issuance of regulations requiring the own- ers or operators of offshore facilities, including associ- ated pipelines, other than deepwater ports subject to the DPA, to prepare and submit response plans, the ap- proval of means to ensure the availability of private personnel and equipment, the review and approval of such response plans, and the authorization of offshore facilities, including associated pipelines, other than deepwater ports subject to the DPA, to operate without approved response plans, are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. (e)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 311(j)(6)(A) of FWPCA, respecting the requirements for periodic inspections of containment booms and equipment used to remove discharges at non-transpor- tation-related onshore facilities, are delegated to the Administrator. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(6)(A) of FWPCA, respecting the requirements for periodic inspections of containment booms and equip- ment used to remove discharges on vessels, and at transportation-related onshore facilities and deepwater ports subject to the DPA, are delegated to the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(6)(A) of FWPCA, respecting the requirements for periodic inspections of containment booms and equip- ment used to remove discharges at offshore facilities, including associated pipelines, other than deepwater ports subject to the DPA, are delegated to the Sec- retary of the Interior. (f) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(6)(B) of FWPCA, respecting requirements for ves- sels to carry appropriate removal equipment, are dele- gated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (g)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 311(j)(7) of FWPCA, respecting periodic drills of re- moval capability under relevant response plans for on- shore and offshore facilities located in the inland zone, and the publishing of annual reports on those drills, are delegated to the Administrator. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j)(7) of FWPCA, respecting periodic drills of re- moval capability under relevant response plans for tank vessels, and for onshore and offshore facilities lo- cated in the coastal zone, and the publishing of annual reports on those drills, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is oper- ating. (h) No provision of Section 2 of this order, including, but not limited to, any delegation or assignment of any function hereunder, shall in any way affect, or be con- strued or interpreted to affect the authority of any De- partment or agency, or the head of any Department or agency under any provision of law other than Section 311(j) of FWPCA or Section 4202(b)(4) of OPA. (i) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(j) of FWPCA or Section 4202(b)(4) of OPA which have been delegated or assigned by Section 2 of this order may be redelegated to the head of any Executive department or agency with his or her consent. SEC. 3. Removal. The functions vested in the President by Section 311(c) of FWPCA and Section 1011 of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2711], respecting an effective and immediate re- moval or arrangement for removal of a discharge and mitigation or prevention of a substantial threat of a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance, the direction and monitoring of all Federal, State and private ac- tions, the removal and destruction of a vessel, the issuance of directions, consulting with affected trust- ees, and removal completion determinations, are dele- gated to the Administrator for the inland zone and to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating for the coastal zone. SEC. 4. Liability Limit Adjustment. (a)(1) The following functions vested in the President by section 1004(d) of OPA are delegated to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, acting in con- sultation with the Administrator, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney General: (A) the adjustment of the limits of liability listed in section 1004(a) of OPA for vessels, onshore facili- ties, and deepwater ports subject to the DPA, to re- flect significant increases in the Consumer Price Index; (B) the establishment of limits of liability under section 1004(d)(1), with respect to classes or cat- egories of marine transportation-related onshore fa- cilities, and the adjustment of any such limits of li- ability established under section 1004(d)(1), and of any limits of liability established under section 1004(d)(2) with respect to deepwater ports subject to the DPA, to reflect significant increases in the Consumer Price Index; and (C) the reporting to Congress on the desirability of adjusting limits of liability, with respect to vessels, marine transportation-related onshore facilities, and deepwater ports subject to the DPA. (2) The Administrator and the Secretary of Transpor- tation will provide necessary regulatory analysis sup- port to ensure timely regulatory Consumer Price Index adjustments by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating of the limits of li- ability listed in section 1004(a) of OPA for onshore fa- cilities under subparagraph (a)(1)(A) of this section. (b) The following functions vested in the President by section 1004(d) of OPA are delegated to the Adminis- trator, acting in consultation with the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Inte- rior, the Secretary of Energy, and the Attorney Gen- eral: (1) the establishment of limits of liability under sec- tion 1004(d)(1), with respect to classes or categories of non-transportation-related onshore facilities, and the adjustment of any such limits of liability established under section 1004(d)(1) by the Administrator to reflect significant increases in the Consumer Price Index; and (2) the reporting to Congress on the desirability of ad- justing limits of liability with respect to non-transpor- tation-related onshore facilities. (c) The following functions vested in the President by section 1004(d) of OPA are delegated to the Secretary of Transportation, acting in consultation with the Sec- retary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, the Administrator, the Secretary of the In- terior, and the Attorney General: (1) the establishment of limits of liability under sec- tion 1004(d)(1), with respect to classes or categories of non-marine transportation-related onshore facilities, and the adjustment of any such limits of liability es- tablished under section 1004(d)(1) by the Secretary of Transportation to reflect significant increases in the Consumer Price Index; and Page 516 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 (2) the reporting to Congress on the desirability of ad- justing limits of liability, with respect to non-marine transportation-related onshore facilities. (d) The following functions vested in the President by section 1004(d) of OPA are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior, acting in consultation with the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is oper- ating, the Administrator, the Secretary of Transpor- tation, and the Attorney General: (1) the adjustment of limits of liability to reflect sig- nificant increases in the Consumer Price Index with re- spect to offshore facilities, including associated pipe- lines, other than deepwater ports subject to the DPA; and (2) the reporting to Congress on the desirability of ad- justing limits of liability with respect to offshore fa- cilities, including associated pipelines, other than deep- water ports subject to the DPA. SEC. 5. Financial Responsibility. (a)(1) The functions vested in the President by Section 1016(e) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2716(e)], respecting (in the case of offshore facili- ties other than deepwater ports) the issuance of regula- tions concerning financial responsibility, the deter- mination of acceptable methods of financial responsi- bility, and the specification of necessary or unaccept- able terms, conditions, or defenses, are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 1016(e) of OPA, respecting (in the case of deepwater ports) the issuance of regulations concerning financial responsibility, the determination of acceptable meth- ods of financial responsibility, and the specification of necessary or unacceptable terms, conditions, or de- fenses, are delegated to the Secretary of the Depart- ment in which the Coast Guard is operating. (b)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 4303 of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2716a], respecting (in cases involving vessels) the assessment of civil penalties, the compromising, modification or remission, with or with- out condition, and the referral for collection of such imposed penalties, and requests to the Attorney Gen- eral to secure necessary judicial relief, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 4303 of OPA, respecting (in cases involving offshore fa- cilities other than deepwater ports) the assessment of civil penalties, the compromising, modification or re- mission, with or without condition, and the referral for collection of such imposed penalties, and requests to the Attorney General to secure necessary judicial re- lief, are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 4303 of OPA, respecting (in cases involving deepwater ports) the assessment of civil penalties, the compro- mising, modification or remission, with or without con- dition, and the referral for collection of such imposed penalties, and requests to the Attorney General to se- cure necessary judicial relief, are delegated to the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. SEC. 6. Enforcement. (a) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(m)(1) of FWPCA, respecting the enforcement of Section 311 with respect to vessels, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (b) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(e) of FWPCA, respecting determinations of immi- nent and substantial threat, requesting the Attorney General to secure judicial relief, and other action in- cluding issuing administrative orders, are delegated to the Administrator for the inland zone and to the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating for the coastal zone. SEC. 7. Management of the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund and Claims. (a)(1)(A) The functions vested in the Presi- dent by Section 1012(a)(1), (3), and (4) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2712(a)(1), (3), (4)] respecting payment of removal costs and claims and determining consistency with the Na- tional Contingency Plan (NCP) are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (B) The functions vested in the President by Section 6002(b) of the OPA [33 U.S.C. 2752(b)] respecting making amounts, not to exceed $50,000,000 and subject to nor- mal budget controls, in any fiscal year, available from the Fund (i) to carry out Section 311(c) of FWPCA, and (ii) to initiate the assessment of natural resources damages required under Section 1006 of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2706] are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. Such Secretary shall make amounts available from the Fund to ini- tiate the assessment of natural resources damages ex- clusively to the Federal trustees designated in the NCP. Such Federal trustees shall allocate such amounts among all trustees required to assess natural resources damages under Section 1006 of OPA. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 1012(a)(2) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2712(a)(2)], respecting the payment of costs and determining consistency with the NCP, are delegated to the Federal trustees designated in the NCP. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 1012(a)(5) of OPA, respecting the payment of costs and expenses of departments and agencies having responsi- bility for the implementation, administration, and en- forcement of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and sub- sections (b), (c), (d), (j) and (l) of Section 311 of FWPCA, are delegated to each head of such department and agency. (b) The functions vested in the President by Section 1012(c) of OPA, respecting designation of Federal offi- cials who may obligate money, are delegated to each head of the departments and agencies to whom func- tions have been delegated under section 7(a) of this order for the purpose of carrying out such functions. (c)(1) The functions vested in the President by Sec- tion 1012(d) and (e) of OPA, respecting the obligation of the Trust Fund on the request of a Governor or pursu- ant to an agreement with a State, entrance into agree- ments with States, agreement upon terms and condi- tions, and the promulgation of regulations concerning such obligation and entrance into such agreement, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, in consultation with the Administrator. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 1013(e) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2713(e)], respecting the promul- gation and amendment of regulations for the presen- tation, filing, processing, settlement, and adjudication of claims under OPA against the Trust Fund, are dele- gated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, in consultation with the At- torney General. (3) The functions vested in the President by Section 1012(a) of OPA, respecting the payment of costs, dam- ages, and claims, delegated herein to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, include, inter alia, the authority to process, settle, and administratively adjudicate such costs, damages, and claims, regardless of amount. (d)(1) The Coast Guard is designated the ‘‘appropriate agency’’ for the purpose of receiving the notice of dis- charge of oil or hazardous substances required by Sec- tion 311(b)(5) of FWPCA, and the Secretary of the De- partment in which the Coast Guard is operating is au- thorized to issue regulations implementing this des- ignation. (2) The functions vested in the President by Section 1014 of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2714], respecting designation of sources of discharges or threats, notification to respon- sible parties, promulgation of regulations respecting advertisements, the advertisement of designation, and notification of claims procedures, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. SEC. 8. Miscellaneous. (a) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(b)(3) and (4) of FWPCA, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, respecting the determination of quantities of oil and any haz- Page 517 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321 ardous substances the discharge of which may be harm- ful to the public health or welfare or the environment and the determinations of quantities, time, locations, circumstances, or conditions, which are not harmful, are delegated to the Administrator. (b) The functions vested in the President by Section 311(d)(2)(G) of FWPCA, respecting schedules of dispers- ant, chemical, and other spill mitigating devices or substances, are delegated to the Administrator. (c) The functions vested in the President by Section 1006(b)(3) and (4) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2706(b)(3), (4)] re- specting the receipt of designations of State and Indian tribe trustees for natural resources are delegated to the Administrator. (d) The function vested in the President by Section 3004 of OPA [104 Stat. 508], with respect to encouraging the development of an international inventory of equipment and personnel, is delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is oper- ating, in consultation with the Secretary of State. (e) The functions vested in the President by Section 4113 of OPA [104 Stat. 516], respecting a study on the use of liners or other secondary means of containment for onshore facilities, and the implementation of the recommendations of the study, are delegated to the Ad- ministrator. (f) The function vested in the President by Section 5002(c)(2)(D) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2732(c)(2)(D)], respecting the designating of an employee of the Federal Govern- ment who shall represent the Federal Government on the Oil Terminal Facilities and Oil Tanker Operations Associations, is delegated to the Secretary of the De- partment in which the Coast Guard is operating. (g) The functions vested in the President by Section 5002(o) of OPA, respecting the annual certification of alternative voluntary advisory groups, are delegated to the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. (h) The function vested in the President by Section 7001(a)(3) of OPA [33 U.S.C. 2761(a)(3)], respecting the appointment of Federal agencies to membership on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research, is delegated to the Secretary of the Depart- ment in which the Coast Guard is operating. (i) Executive Order No. 11735 of August 3, 1973, Execu- tive Order No. 12123 of February 26, 1979, Executive Order No. 12418 of May 5, 1983 and the memorandum of August 24, 1990, delegating certain authorities of the President under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 are re- voked. SEC. 9. Consultation. Authorities and functions dele- gated or assigned by this order shall be exercised sub- ject to consultation with the Secretaries of depart- ments and the heads of agencies with statutory respon- sibilities which may be significantly affected, includ- ing, but not limited to, the Department of Justice. SEC. 10. Litigation. (a) Notwithstanding any other pro- vision of this order, any representation pursuant to or under this order in any judicial proceedings shall be by or through the Attorney General. The conduct and con- trol of all litigation arising under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 [see Short Title note set out under section 2701 of this title] shall be the responsibility of the Attorney General. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this order, the authority under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 to re- quire the Attorney General to commence litigation is retained by the President. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this order, the Secretaries of the Departments of Transportation, Commerce, Interior, Agriculture, the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, and/or the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency may request that the Attorney General commence litigation under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. (d) The Attorney General, in his discretion, is author- ized to require that, with respect to a particular oil spill, an agency refrain from taking administrative en- forcement action without first consulting with the At- torney General. EX. ORD. NO. 13626. GULF COAST ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION Ex. Ord. No. 13626, Sept. 10, 2012, 77 F.R. 56749, pro- vided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) (33 U.S.C. 1321), section 1006 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2706), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Policy. Executive Order 13554 of October 5, 2010, was issued after the blowout and explosion of the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon that occurred on April 20, 2010, and resulted in the largest oil spill in U.S. history (Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill). Executive Order 13554 recognized the Gulf Coast as a national treasure and addressed the longstanding eco- logical decline of that region, which was compounded by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. In doing so, Execu- tive Order 13554 established a Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force (Task Force) to coordinate intergovernmental efforts, planning, and the exchange of information in order to better implement Gulf Coast ecosystem restoration and facilitate appropriate ac- countability and support throughout the restoration process. Since the implementation of Executive Order 13554, the Federal Government’s Gulf Coast ecosystem res- toration planning efforts have advanced significantly. The Task Force’s Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy (Strategy), created with input from Federal, State, tribal, and local governments, and thousands of involved citizens and organizations across the region, serves as a comprehensive restoration plan for addressing ecological concerns in the Gulf of Mex- ico. In light of the release of the Strategy, the ongoing work of the Natural Resource Damage Trustee Council (Trustee Council) under the Oil Pollution Act, and the recent passage of the Resources and Ecosystems Sus- tainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Econo- mies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012 (RESTORE Act) (title I, subtitle F of Public Law 112–141), this order affirms the Federal Government’s Gulf Coast eco- system restoration efforts and realigns responsibilities to ensure the most effective governmental planning and coordination to reach these goals. SEC. 2. Termination of the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restora- tion Task Force. The progress of the Task Force is note- worthy. It has completed the Strategy and the prelimi- nary planning and coordination tasks that it was in- tended to produce and has significantly advanced im- portant ecosystem restoration goals for the Gulf of Mexico. In light of the recent creation, described below, of the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Gulf Restoration Council), which will build upon the Task Force’s already successful collaboration between Fed- eral, State, and tribal governments and, as directed by statute, include and incorporate in its proposed com- prehensive plan the findings and information prepared by the Task Force, the Task Force shall terminate no later than 60 days after the Gulf Restoration Council commences its work. The functions of the Task Force will be performed by the Gulf Restoration Council and the Trustee Council to the extent practicable, as set forth in this order. Prior to its termination, the Task Force will provide such assistance as is appropriate to the Gulf Restoration Council. SEC. 3. The Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund and the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council. (a) Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund. The RESTORE Act, which was signed into law as part of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (Public Law 112–141), established a mechanism for providing funding to the Gulf region to restore ecosystems and rebuild local economies damaged by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. The RESTORE Act established in the Treasury of the United States the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund (Trust Fund), consisting of 80 percent of an Page 518 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1321a amount equal to any administrative and civil penalties paid after the date of the RESTORE Act by the respon- sible parties in connection with the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to the United States pursuant to a court order, negotiated settlement, or other instrument in accordance with section 311 of the FWPCA (33 U.S.C. 1321). (b) Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council. The RE- STORE Act established the Gulf Restoration Council, an independent entity charged with developing a com- prehensive plan for ecosystem restoration in the Gulf Coast (Comprehensive Plan), as well as any future revi- sions to the Comprehensive Plan. Among its other du- ties, the Gulf Restoration Council is tasked with iden- tifying projects and programs aimed at restoring and protecting the natural resources and ecosystems of the Gulf Coast region, to be funded from a portion of the Trust Fund; establishing such other advisory commit- tees as may be necessary to assist the Gulf Restoration Council, including a scientific advisory committee and a committee to advise the Gulf Restoration Council on public policy issues; gathering information relevant to Gulf Coast restoration, including through research, modeling, and monitoring; and providing an annual re- port to the Congress on implementation progress. Con- sistent with the RESTORE Act, the Comprehensive Plan developed by the Gulf Restoration Council will in- clude provisions necessary to fully incorporate the Strategy, projects, and programs recommended by the Task Force. (c) Federal members of the Gulf Restoration Council and Trustee Council, as well as all Federal entities in- volved in Gulf Coast restoration, shall work closely with one another to advance their common goals, re- duce duplication, and maximize consistency among their efforts. All Federal members are directed to con- sult with each other and with all non-federal members in carrying out their duties on the Gulf Restoration Council. SEC. 4. Ongoing Role of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustee Council. (a) Executive Order 13554 recognized the role of the Trustee Council, and des- ignated trustees as provided in 33 U.S.C. 2706, with trusteeship over natural resources injured, lost, or de- stroyed as a result of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Specifically, Executive Order 13554 recognized the im- portance of carefully coordinating the work of the Task Force with the Trustee Council, whose members have statutory responsibility to assess natural resources damages from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, to re- store trust resources, and seek compensation for lost use of those trust resources. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 13554 instructed the Task Force to ‘‘support the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process by refer- ring potential ecosystem restoration actions to the * * * Trustee Council for consideration and facilitating coordination among the relevant departments, agen- cies, and offices, as appropriate, subject to the inde- pendent statutory responsibilities of the trustees.’’ The Department of Commerce (through the National Oce- anic and Atmospheric Administration), the Department of the Interior (through the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service), and the Department of Justice have worked to identify linkages and opportu- nities for the Task Force to complement the restora- tion progress of the Trustee Council. (b) Section 7(e) of Executive Order 13554 provides that nothing in that order shall interfere with the statutory responsibilities and authority of the Trustee Council or the individual trustees to carry out their statutory re- sponsibilities to assess natural resource damages and implement restoration actions under 33 U.S.C. 2706 and other applicable law. Agencies that were members of the Task Force shall continue to comply with these re- quirements. SEC. 5. Designating Trustees for Natural Resource Dam- age Assessment. Given their authorities, programs, and expertise, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) have insti- tutional capacities that can contribute significantly to the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and restora- tion efforts, including scientific and policy expertise as well as experience gained in the Task Force process and other planning efforts in the Gulf area. In addition, EPA’s and USDA’s relevant authorities cover a range of natural resources and their supporting ecosystems, including waters, sediments, barrier islands, wetlands, soils, land management, air resources, and drinking water supplies. The inclusion of EPA and USDA as trustees participating in the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and restoration efforts will maximize co- ordination across the Federal Government and enhance overall efficiencies regarding Gulf Coast ecosystem res- toration. Accordingly, without limiting the designa- tions in Executive Order 12777 of October 18, 1991, or any other existing designations, and pursuant to sec- tion 2706(b)(2) of title 33, United States Code, I hereby designate the Administrator of EPA and the Secretary of Agriculture as additional trustees for Natural Re- source Damage Assessment and restoration solely in connection with injury to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of natural resources, including their sup- porting ecosystems, resulting from the Deepwater Hori- zon Oil Spill. The addition of these Federal trustees does not, in and of itself, alter any existing agreements among or between the trustees and any other entity. All Federal trustees are directed to consult, coordinate, and cooperate with each other in carrying out all of their trustee duties and responsibilities. The Administrator of EPA is hereby directed to re- vise Subpart G of the National Oil and Hazardous Sub- stances Pollution Contingency Plan to reflect the des- ignations for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill discussed in this section. SEC. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Trustee Council, or those of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. (d) Executive Order 13554 of October 5, 2010, is hereby revoked concurrent with the termination of the Task Force under the terms described in section 2 of this order. BARACK OBAMA. § 1321a. Prevention of small oil spills (a) Prevention and education program The Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, in consultation with the Sec- retary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating and other appropriate agen- cies, shall establish an oil spill prevention and education program for small vessels. The pro- gram shall provide for assessment, outreach, and training and voluntary compliance activi- ties to prevent and improve the effective re- sponse to oil spills from vessels and facilities not required to prepare a vessel response plan under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), including recreational vessels, commercial fishing vessels, marinas, and aquaculture facilities. The Under Secretary may provide grants to sea grant colleges and in- stitutes designated under section 1126 of this title and to State agencies, tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to carry out—