34 U.S.C. § 12441 — Grants to protect the privacy and con-

Page 368 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 12441 PART I—PRIVACY PROTECTIONS FOR VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DATING VIOLENCE, SEX- UAL VIOLENCE, AND STALKING § 12441. Grants to protect the privacy and con- fidentiality of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking The Attorney General, through the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women, may award grants under this part to States, Indian tribes, territories, or local agencies or nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations to ensure that personally identifying information of adult, youth, and child victims of domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, and dating violence shall not be released or disclosed to the det- riment of such victimized persons. (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41101, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 14043b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. § 12442. Purpose areas Grants made under this part may be used— (1) to develop or improve protocols, proce- dures, and policies for the purpose of pre- venting the release of personally identifying information of victims (such as developing al- ternative identifiers); (2) to defray the costs of modifying or im- proving existing databases, registries, and vic- tim notification systems to ensure that per- sonally identifying information of victims is protected from release, unauthorized informa- tion sharing and disclosure; (3) to develop confidential opt out systems that will enable victims of violence to make a single request to keep personally identifying information out of multiple databases, victim notification systems, and registries; or (4) to develop safe uses of technology (such as notice requirements regarding electronic surveillance by government entities), to pro- tect against abuses of technology (such as electronic or GPS stalking), or providing training for law enforcement on high tech electronic crimes of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking. (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41102, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. § 12443. Eligible entities Entities eligible for grants under this part in- clude— (1) jurisdictions or agencies within jurisdic- tions having authority or responsibility for developing or maintaining public databases, registries or victim notification systems; (2) nonprofit nongovernmental victim advo- cacy organizations having expertise regarding confidentiality, privacy, and information tech- nology and how these issues are likely to im- pact the safety of victims; (3) States or State agencies; (4) local governments or agencies; (5) Indian tribal governments or tribal orga- nizations; (6) territorial governments, agencies, or or- ganizations; or (7) nonprofit nongovernmental victim advo- cacy organizations, including statewide do- mestic violence and sexual assault coalitions. (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41103, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. § 12444. Grant conditions Applicants described in paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (6) shall demonstrate that they have entered into a significant part- nership with a State, tribal, territorial, or local victim service or advocacy organization or con- dition in order to develop safe, confidential, and effective protocols, procedures, policies, and sys- tems for protecting personally identifying infor- mation of victims. (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, § 41104, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, § 107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2984.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Paragraph (1) and paragraphs (3) through (6), referred to in text, probably mean paragraphs (1) and (3) through (6) of section 12443 of this title. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 14043b–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to edi- torial reclassification and renumbering as this section. PART J—SERVICES, EDUCATION, PROTECTION AND JUSTICE FOR YOUNG VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE § 12451. Creating hope through outreach, op- tions, services, and education for children and youth (‘‘CHOOSE Children & Youth’’) (a) Grants authorized The Attorney General, working in collabora- tion with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Education, shall award grants to enhance the safety of youth and children who are victims of, or exposed to, do- mestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, or sex trafficking and prevent future violence. (b) Program purposes Funds provided under this section may be used for the following program purpose areas: (1) Services to advocate for and respond to youth To develop, expand, and strengthen victim- centered interventions and services that tar-