20 U.S.C. § 9701 — Definitions

Page 1742 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9701 (i) a comprehensive and detailed report of the Center’s operations, activities, fi- nancial condition, and accomplishments, and such recommendations as the Director determines appropriate; (ii) evidence of coordination with the De- partment of Education, the National Science Foundation, Office of the Assist- ant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering in the Department of Defense, and other related Federal agencies to carry out the operations and activities of the Center; (iii) a comprehensive and detailed inven- tory of funds distributed from the Center during the fiscal year for which the report is being prepared; and (iv) an independent audit of the Center’s finances and operations, and of the imple- mentation of the goals established by the Board. (C) Statement of the Board Each report under subparagraph (A) shall include a statement from the Board con- taining— (i) a clear description of the plans and priorities of the Board for the subsequent year for activities of the Center; and (ii) an estimate of the funds that will be expended by the Center for such year. (2) Testimony The Director and principal officers of the Center shall testify before the authorizing committees and the Committees on Appropria- tions of the House of Representatives and the Senate, upon request of such committees, with respect to— (A) any report required under paragraph (1)(A); and (B) any other matter that such commit- tees may determine appropriate. (h) Use of funds subject to appropriations The authority to award grants, enter into con- tracts, or otherwise expend funds under this sec- tion is subject to the availability of amounts de- posited into the Center under subsection (c), or amounts otherwise appropriated for such pur- poses by an Act of Congress. (i) Definitions For purposes of this section: (1) Authorizing committees The term ‘‘authorizing committees’’ has the meaning given the term in section 1003 of this title. (2) Board The term ‘‘Board’’ means the Board of the Center appointed under subsection (d)(1). (3) Center The term ‘‘Center’’ means the National Cen- ter for Research in Advanced Information and Digital Technologies established under sub- section (a). (4) Director The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director of the Center appointed under subsection (e)(1). (Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, § 802, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3446; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, § 1076(c)(2)(A)(vii), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1950.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The District of Columbia Nonprofit Corporation Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–569, Aug. 6, 1962, 76 Stat. 265, which is not classified to the Code. CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Higher Education Opportunity Act, and not as part of Pub. L. 107–279 which comprises this chapter. AMENDMENTS 2013—Subsec. (g)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 112–239 substituted ‘‘Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engi- neering’’ for ‘‘Director of Defense Research and Engi- neering’’. CHAPTER 77—FINANCIAL LITERACY AND EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT Sec. 9701. Definitions. 9702. Establishment of Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission. 9703. Duties of the Commission. 9704. Powers of the Commission. 9705. Commission personnel matters. 9706. Studies by the Comptroller General. 9707. The national public service multimedia cam- paign to enhance the state of financial lit- eracy. 9708. Authorization of appropriations. 9709. Coordinated education efforts. § 9701. Definitions As used in this chapter— (1) the term ‘‘Chairperson’’ means the Chair- person of the Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission; and (2) the term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Fi- nancial Literacy and Education Commission established under section 9702 of this title. (Pub. L. 108–159, title V, § 512, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2003.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section subject to joint regulations establishing ef- fective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 1681 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 108–159, title V, § 511, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2003, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Financial Literacy and Education Improvement Act’.’’ Executive Documents EX. ORD. NO. 13455. ESTABLISHING THE PRESIDENT’S ADVISORY COUNCIL ON FINANCIAL LITERACY Ex. Ord. No. 13455, Jan. 22, 2008, 73 F.R. 4445, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America and to promote and enhance financial literacy among the American people, it is hereby ordered as fol- lows: SECTION 1. Policy. To help keep America competitive and assist the American people in understanding and addressing financial matters, it is the policy of the Federal Government to encourage financial literacy among the American people. Page 1743 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9701 SEC. 2. Establishment of the Council. There is estab- lished within the Department of the Treasury the President’s Advisory Council on Financial Literacy (Council). SEC. 3. Membership and Operation of the Council. (a) The Council shall consist of 19 members appointed by the President from among individuals not employed by the Federal Government, consistent with subsection (b) of this section. (b) In selecting individuals for appointment to the Council, appropriate consideration should be given to selection of individuals with backgrounds as providers of, consumers of, promoters of access to, and educators with respect to financial education and financial serv- ices. Each individual member of the Council will serve as a representative of his or her industry, trade group, public interest group, or other organization or group. The composition of the Council will reflect the views of diverse stakeholders. (c) The President shall designate a Chair and a Vice Chair from among the members of the Council. (d) Subject to the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary), the Chair shall convene and pre- side at meetings of the Council, determine its agenda, direct its work, and, as appropriate to deal with par- ticular subject matters, establish and direct the work of subgroups of the Council that shall consist exclu- sively of members of the Council. (e) The Vice Chair shall perform: (i) the duties of the Chair when the position of Chair is vacant; and (ii) such other functions as the Chair may from time to time assign. SEC. 4. Functions of the Council. To assist in imple- menting the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, the Council shall: (a) obtain information and advice concerning finan- cial literacy as appropriate in the course of its work from: (i) officers and employees of executive departments and agencies (including members of the Financial Lit- eracy and Education Commission), unless otherwise di- rected by the head of the department or agency; (ii) State, local, territorial, and tribal officials; (iii) providers of, consumers of, promoters of access to, and educators with respect to financial services; (iv) experts on matters relating to the policy set forth in section 1; and (v) such other individuals as the Secretary may di- rect; (b) advise the President and the Secretary consistent with this order on means to implement effectively the policy set forth in section 1, including by providing ad- vice on means to: (i) improve financial education efforts for youth in school and for adults in the workplace; (ii) promote effective access to financial services, es- pecially for those without access to such services; (iii) establish effective measures of national financial literacy; (iv) conduct research on financial knowledge, includ- ing the collection of data on the extent of financial knowledge of individuals; and (v) strengthen and coordinate public and private sec- tor financial education programs; and (c) periodically report to the President, through the Secretary, on: (i) the status of financial literacy in the United States; (ii) progress made in implementing the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and (iii) recommendations on means to further imple- ment the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, in- cluding with respect to the matters set forth in sub- section (b)(i) through (v) of this section. SEC. 5. Administration of the Council. (a) To the extent permitted by law, the Department of the Treasury shall provide funding and administrative support for the Council, as determined by the Secretary, to implement this order. (b) The heads of executive departments and agencies shall provide, as appropriate and to the extent per- mitted by law, such assistance and information to the Council as the Secretary may request to implement this order. (c) Members of the Council: (i) shall serve without any compensation for their work on the Council; and (ii) while engaged in the work of the Council, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in the Government (5 U.S.C. 5701–5707), consistent with the availability of funds. (d) The Secretary shall designate an officer or em- ployee of the United States within the Department of the Treasury to serve as an Executive Director to su- pervise the administrative support for the Council. SEC. 6. Termination of the Council. Unless extended by the President, the Council shall terminate 2 years from the date of this order. SEC. 7. General Provisions. (a) Insofar as the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] (Act), may apply to the Council, any functions of the President under the Act, except for those in section 6 of the Act, shall be per- formed by the Secretary in accordance with the guide- lines issued by the Administrator of General Services. (b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) authority granted by law to a department or agen- cy or the head thereof; or (ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Manage- ment and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals. (c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity, by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. GEORGE W. BUSH. EX. ORD. NO. 13530. PRESIDENT’S ADVISORY COUNCIL ON FINANCIAL CAPABILITY Ex. Ord. No. 13530, Jan. 29, 2010, 75 F.R. 5481, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13591, § 3, Nov. 23, 2011, 76 F.R. 74623, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Policy. To help keep America competitive and assist the American people in understanding and addressing financial matters, and thereby contribute to financial stability, it is the policy of the Federal Gov- ernment to promote and enhance financial capability among the American people. Financial capability is the capacity, based on knowledge, skills, and access, to manage financial resources effectively. In order to de- velop this capacity, individuals must have appropriate access to and understanding of financial products, serv- ices, and concepts. Financial capability empowers indi- viduals to make informed choices, avoid pitfalls, know where to go for help, and take other actions to improve their present and long-term financial well-being. SEC. 2. Establishment of the Council. There is estab- lished within the Department of the Treasury the President’s Advisory Council on Financial Capability (Council). SEC. 3. Membership and Operation of the Council. (a) The Council shall consist of: (i) the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Education, who may designate a senior official from each of their respective departments to perform their Council duties; and (ii) not more than 22 members appointed by the Presi- dent from among individuals not employed by the Fed- eral Government, up to three of whom shall be selected Page 1744 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9701 by the President on the basis of their experience in aca- demia or similar research experience related to finan- cial education and financial access. (b) Members of the Council shall include individuals with relevant backgrounds, such as financial services providers, consumers, access advocates, and educators. Members of the Council appointed by the President pursuant to subsection (a)(ii) of this section, may serve as representatives of individual industries, trade groups, public interest groups, or other organizations. The composition of the Council shall reflect the views of diverse stakeholders. (c) The President shall designate a Chair and a Vice Chair from among the members of the Council ap- pointed pursuant to subsection (a)(ii) of this section. (d) Subject to the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary), the Chair shall convene and pre- side at meetings of the Council, determine its agenda, direct its work, and, as appropriate to deal with par- ticular subjects, establish and direct the work of sub- groups of the Council that shall consist exclusively of members of the Council. (e) The Vice Chair shall perform: (i) the duties of the Chair when the position of Chair is vacant; and (ii) such other functions as the Chair may from time to time assign. SEC. 4. Functions of the Council. To assist in imple- menting the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, the Council shall: (a) collect information and views concerning finan- cial capability from: (i) officers of executive departments and agencies (in- cluding members of the Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission established under title V of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction[s] Act [of 2003], Public Law 108–159); (ii) State, local, territorial, and tribal officials; (iii) financial services providers and consumers, fi- nancial access advocates, and financial literacy edu- cators; (iv) experts on matters relating to the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and (v) such other individuals as the Secretary may di- rect; (b) advise the President and the Secretary on means to implement effectively the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, including means to: (i) build a culture of financial capability by pro- moting messages and lessons about sound financial practices as broadly as possible; (ii) improve financial education efforts directed at youth, young adults, and adults in schools, workplaces, and other settings through innovative approaches; (iii) promote access to financial services; (iv) promote the private-sector development of finan- cial products and services benefitting consumers, espe- cially low- and moderate-income consumers; (v) educate consumers about effective use of such products and services; (vi) identify the most important basic financial con- cepts and actions individuals need to understand and perform to be financially capable; (vii) identify effective financial education approaches and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of finan- cial education approaches; and (viii) strengthen and enhance coordination between public and private-sector financial education programs; (c) periodically report to the President, through the Secretary, on: (i) the status of financial capability in the United States; (ii) progress made in implementing the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and (iii) recommended means to further implement the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, including with respect to the matters set forth in subsection (b) of this section; and (d) where appropriate in providing advice and rec- ommendations, take into consideration the particular needs of traditionally underserved populations. SEC. 5. Administration of the Council. (a) To the extent permitted by law, the Department of the Treasury shall provide funding and administrative support for the Council, as determined by the Secretary, to implement this order. (b) The heads of executive departments and agencies shall provide, as appropriate and to the extent per- mitted by law, such assistance and information to the Council as the Secretary may request to implement this order. (c) Members of the Council: (i) shall serve without any compensation for their work on the Council; and (ii) while engaged in the work of the Council, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701–5707), consistent with the availability of funds. (d) The Secretary shall designate an official within the Department of the Treasury to serve as an Execu- tive Director to supervise the administrative support for the Council. SEC. 6. [Termination of the Council.] Unless extended by the President, the Council shall terminate on Janu- ary 29, 2013. SEC. 7. General Provisions. (a) Insofar as the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] (the ‘‘Act’’), may apply to the Council, any functions of the President under the Act, except for that of reporting to the Congress, shall be performed by the Secretary in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Administrator of General Services. (b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) authority granted by law to a department or agen- cy or the head thereof; or (ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Manage- ment and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity, by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. BARACK OBAMA. EX. ORD. NO. 13646. ESTABLISHING THE PRESIDENT’S AD- VISORY COUNCIL ON FINANCIAL CAPABILITY FOR YOUNG AMERICANS Ex. Ord. No. 13646, June 25, 2013, 78 F.R. 39159, pro- vided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Policy. To contribute to the Nation’s fu- ture financial stability and increase upward economic mobility, it is the policy of the Federal Government to promote financial capability among young Americans and encourage building the financial capability of young people at an early stage in schools, families, communities, and the workplace. By starting early, young people can begin to learn the difference between wants and needs, the importance and power of saving, and the positive and productive role money can play in their lives. Having a basic understanding of money management from an early age will make our young people better equipped to tackle more complex finan- cial decisions in their transition to adulthood, when critical decisions about financing higher education and saving for retirement can have lasting consequences for financial security. Strengthening the financial capa- bility of our young people is an investment in our Na- tion’s economic prosperity. Financial capability is the capacity, based on knowl- edge, skills, and access, to manage financial resources Page 1745 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9701 prudently and effectively. Efforts to improve financial capability, which should be based on evidence of effec- tiveness, empower individuals to make informed choices, plan and set goals, avoid pitfalls, know where to seek help, and take other actions to better their present and long-term financial well-being. SEC. 2. Establishment of the Council. There is estab- lished within the Department of the Treasury the President’s Advisory Council on Financial Capability for Young Americans (Council). SEC. 3. Membership and Operation of the Council. (a) The Council shall consist of: (i) the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary), and the Secretary of Education, who may designate a senior of- ficial from each of their respective departments to per- form their Council duties; and (ii) not more than 22 members appointed by the Presi- dent from among individuals not employed by the Fed- eral Government. (b) Members of the Council shall include individuals with demonstrated experience or clear commitment to improving the financial capability of young people, such as individuals working with youth-serving organi- zations; educators and education policy experts; busi- ness leaders and employers of young workers; State, tribal, and local government policy makers; financial services providers; and innovators in financial capa- bility. The composition of the Council shall reflect the views of diverse stakeholders. (c) The Secretary shall invite the Director of the Bu- reau of Consumer Financial Protection to participate as a member of the Council, to the extent consistent with the Bureau’s statutory authorities and legal obli- gations. (d) The President shall designate a Chair and a Vice Chair from among the members of the Council ap- pointed pursuant to subsection (a)(ii) of this section. (e) Subject to the direction of the Secretary, the Chair shall convene and preside at meetings of the Council, determine its agenda, direct its work, and, as appropriate to deal with particular subjects, establish and direct the work of subgroups of the Council that shall consist exclusively of members of the Council. (f) The Vice Chair shall perform: (i) the duties of the Chair when the position of Chair is vacant; and (ii) such other functions as the Chair may from time to time assign. SEC. 4. Functions of the Council. To assist in imple- menting the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, the Council shall: (a) collect information and views concerning finan- cial capability from: (i) executive departments and agencies (agencies), in- cluding members of the Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission established under title V of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (20 U.S.C. 9702); (ii) State, local, territorial, and tribal officials; and (iii) financial capability innovators, educators and education policy experts, financial services providers, corporate leaders, and employers of young workers, as well as other experts; (b) advise the President and the Secretary on means to effectively implement the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, including means to: (i) build strong public-private partnerships between and among members of the Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission; other agencies; State, tribal, and local governments; and private entities to coordinate the use of high quality financial capability resources and practices in schools, families, communities, and elsewhere in order to build the financial capability of young Americans; (ii) support ongoing research and evaluation of finan- cial education and capability activities aimed at young people to determine and disseminate effective ap- proaches; (iii) effectively assess the financial capability, in- cluding both financial knowledge and financial behav- iors, of young Americans; (iv) identify and develop strategies to pilot financial capability approaches in schools and among young peo- ple that are likely to have significant effects on young Americans’ financial capability, and determine ways to test and implement such innovations in a large-scale and sustainable manner; (v) identify, develop, and measure the effectiveness of technology-driven approaches to promote financial ca- pability among young people; (vi) identify and test promising and tested approaches for increasing planning, saving, and investing for re- tirement by young people; and (vii) promote the importance of starting to plan and act early for financial success broadly among Ameri- cans through public awareness campaigns or other means; (c) periodically report to the President, through the Secretary, on: (i) progress made in implementing the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and (ii) recommended means to further implement the policy set forth in section 1 of this order, including with respect to the matters set forth in subsection (b) of this section; and (d) where appropriate in providing advice and rec- ommendations, take into consideration the particular needs of traditionally underserved populations—includ- ing women and minorities. SEC. 5. Administration of the Council. (a) To the extent permitted by law, the Department of the Treasury shall provide funding and administrative support for the Council, as determined by the Secretary, to implement this order. (b) The heads of agencies shall provide, as appro- priate and to the extent permitted by law, such assist- ance and information to the Council as the Secretary may request to implement this order. (c) Members of the Council appointed under section 3(a)(ii) of this order shall serve without any compensa- tion for their work on the Council. (d) Members of the Council, while engaged in the work of the Council, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in Govern- ment service (5 U.S.C. 5701–5707), consistent with the availability of funds. (e) The Secretary shall designate an official within the Department of the Treasury to serve as an Execu- tive Director to supervise the administrative support for the Council. SEC. 6. Termination of the Council. Unless extended by the President, the Council shall terminate 2 years after the date of this order. SEC. 7. General Provisions. (a) Insofar as the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] (the ‘‘Act’’), may apply to the Council, any functions of the President under the Act, except for that of reporting to the Congress, shall be performed by the Secretary in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Administrator of General Services. (b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive de- partment, agency, or the head thereof, or the status of that department or agency within the Federal Govern- ment; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Man- agement and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. BARACK OBAMA. Page 1746 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9702 § 9702. Establishment of Financial Literacy and Education Commission (a) In general There is established a commission to be known as the ‘‘Financial Literacy and Edu- cation Commission’’. (b) Purpose The Commission shall serve to improve the fi- nancial literacy and education of persons in the United States through development of a na- tional strategy to promote financial literacy and education. (c) Membership (1) Composition The Commission shall be composed of— (A) the Secretary of the Treasury; (B) the respective head of each of the Fed- eral banking agencies (as defined in section 1813 of title 12), the National Credit Union Administration, the Securities and Ex- change Commission, each of the Depart- ments of Education, Agriculture, Defense, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, and Veterans Af- fairs, the Federal Trade Commission, the General Services Administration, the Small Business Administration, the Social Secu- rity Administration, the Commodity Fu- tures Trading Commission, and the Office of Personnel Management; (C) the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection; and (D) at the discretion of the President, not more than 5 individuals appointed by the President from among the administrative heads of any other Federal agencies, depart- ments, or other Federal Government enti- ties, whom the President determines to be engaged in a serious effort to improve finan- cial literacy and education. (2) Alternates Each member of the Commission may des- ignate an alternate if the member is unable to attend a meeting of the Commission. Such al- ternate shall be an individual who exercises significant decisionmaking authority. (d) Chairperson The Secretary of the Treasury shall serve as the Chairperson. The Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall serve as the Vice Chairman. (e) Meetings The Commission shall hold, at the call of the Chairperson, at least 1 meeting every 4 months. All such meetings shall be open to the public. The Commission may hold, at the call of the Chairperson, such other meetings as the Chair- person sees fit to carry out this chapter. (f) Quorum A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings. (g) Initial meeting The Commission shall hold its first meeting not later than 60 days after December 4, 2003. (Pub. L. 108–159, title V, § 513, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2003; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1013(d)(5), (6), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1971.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2010—Subsec. (c)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1013(d)(5), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–203, § 1013(d)(6), inserted at end ‘‘The Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall serve as the Vice Chairman.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section subject to joint regulations establishing ef- fective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 1681 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. § 9703. Duties of the Commission (a) Duties (1) In general The Commission, through the authority of the members referred to in section 9702(c) of this title, shall take such actions as it deems necessary to streamline, improve, or augment the financial literacy and education programs, grants, and materials of the Federal Govern- ment, including curricula for all Americans. (2) Areas of emphasis To improve financial literacy and education, the Commission shall emphasize, among other elements, basic personal income and house- hold money management and planning skills, including how to— (A) create household budgets, initiate sav- ings plans, and make strategic investment decisions for education, retirement, home ownership, wealth building, or other savings goals; (B) manage spending, credit, and debt, in- cluding credit card debt, effectively; (C) increase awareness of the availability and significance of credit reports and credit scores in obtaining credit, the importance of their accuracy (and how to correct inaccura- cies), their effect on credit terms, and the ef- fect common financial decisions may have on credit scores; (D) ascertain fair and favorable credit terms; (E) avoid abusive, predatory, or deceptive credit offers and financial products; (F) understand, evaluate, and compare fi- nancial products, services, and opportuni- ties; (G) understand resources that ought to be easily accessible and affordable, and that in- form and educate investors as to their rights and avenues of recourse when an investor be- lieves his or her rights have been violated by unprofessional conduct of market inter- mediaries; (H) increase awareness of the particular fi- nancial needs and financial transactions (such as the sending of remittances) of con-