18 U.S.C. § 1261 — Enforcement, regulations, and scope

Page 357 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 1261 1 So in original. There is no subsec. (b). (1) the defendant acted within the provisions of a valid court order granting the defendant legal custody or visitation rights and that order was obtained pursuant to the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act or the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act and was in effect at the time of the of- fense; (2) the defendant was fleeing an incidence or pattern of domestic violence; or (3) the defendant had physical custody of the child pursuant to a court order granting legal custody or visitation rights and failed to re- turn the child as a result of circumstances be- yond the defendant’s control, and the defend- ant notified or made reasonable attempts to notify the other parent or lawful custodian of the child of such circumstances within 24 hours after the visitation period had expired and returned the child as soon as possible. (d) This section does not detract from The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Inter- national Parental Child Abduction, done at The Hague on October 25, 1980. (Added Pub. L. 103–173, § 2(a), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1998; amended Pub. L. 108–21, title I, § 107, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 655.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(1), inserted ‘‘, or attempts to do so,’’ before ‘‘or retains’’. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(2)(A), inserted ‘‘or the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforce- ment Act’’ before ‘‘and was’’. Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–21, § 107(2)(B), inserted ‘‘or’’ after semicolon at end. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING USE OF PROCEDURES UNDER THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL AS- PECTS OF INTERNATIONAL PARENTAL CHILD ABDUC- TION Pub. L. 103–173, § 2(b), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1999, pro- vided that: ‘‘It is the sense of the Congress that, inas- much as use of the procedures under the Hague Conven- tion on the Civil Aspects of International Parental Child Abduction has resulted in the return of many children, those procedures, in circumstances in which they are applicable, should be the option of first choice for a parent who seeks the return of a child who has been removed from the parent.’’ CHAPTER 57—LABOR Sec. 1231. Transportation of strikebreakers. [1232. Repealed.] Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1990—Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, § 3539, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4925, struck out item 1232 ‘‘Enticement of workman from armory or arsenal’’. § 1231. Transportation of strikebreakers Whoever willfully transports in interstate or foreign commerce any person who is employed or is to be employed for the purpose of obstruct- ing or interfering by force or threats with (1) peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting wages, hours, or con- ditions of labor, or (2) the exercise by employees of any of the rights of self-organization or col- lective bargaining; or Whoever is knowingly transported or travels in interstate or foreign commerce for any of the purposes enumerated in this section— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. This section shall not apply to common car- riers. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 760; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 30, 63 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1948 ACT Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 407a (June 24, 1936, ch. 746, 49 Stat. 1899; June 29, 1938, ch. 813, 52 Stat. 1242). Language designating offense as felony was omitted in uniformity with definitive section 1 of this title. (See reviser’s note under section 550 of this title.) Words ‘‘and shall, upon conviction’’ were omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured. Reference to persons aiding, abetting or causing was omitted as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement, but without change of substance. 1949 ACT This section [section 30] corrects a typographical error in section 1231 of title 18, U.S.C. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $5,000’’ in third par. 1949—Act May 24, 1949, substituted ‘‘or travels in’’ for ‘‘in or travels’’ in second par. [§ 1232. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 53, 70A Stat. 641] Section, act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 761, prohib- ited enticement of workman from armory or arsenal. CHAPTER 59—LIQUOR TRAFFIC Sec. 1261. Enforcement, regulations, and scope. 1262. Transportation into State prohibiting sale. 1263. Marks and labels on packages. 1264. Delivery to consignee. 1265. C.O.D. shipments prohibited. § 1261. Enforcement, regulations, and scope (a) 1 The Attorney General— (1) shall enforce the provisions of this chap- ter; and (2) has the authority to issue regulations to carry out the provisions of this chapter. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 761; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 31, 63 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4004(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1812; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, § 1112(g), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2276.) Page 358 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 1262 HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1948 ACT Based on sections 222, 223(b), 225 and 226 of title 27, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Intoxicating Liquors (June 25, 1936, ch. 815, §§ 5, 10, 49 Stat. 1929, 1930). Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement. 1949 ACT This section [section 31] corrects a typographical error in section 1261 of title 18, U.S.C. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2002—Pub. L. 107–296, which directed amendment of subsec. (a) generally, was executed by amending text of section generally to reflect the probable intent of Con- gress and the amendment by Pub. L. 107–273, see below. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Sec- retary of the Treasury shall enforce the provisions of this chapter. Regulations to carry out its provisions shall be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.’’ Pub. L. 107–273 struck out subsec. (a) designation and subsec. (b) which read as follows: ‘‘This chapter shall not apply to the Canal Zone.’’ 1949—Subsec. (b). Act May 24, 1949, substituted sub- section designation ‘‘(b)’’ for ‘‘(d)’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Do- mestic Security. § 1262. Transportation into State prohibiting sale Whoever imports, brings, or transports any in- toxicating liquor into any State, Territory, Dis- trict, or Possession in which all sales, except for scientific, sacramental, medicinal, or mechan- ical purposes, of intoxicating liquor containing more than 4 per centum of alcohol by volume or 3.2 per centum of alcohol by weight are prohib- ited, otherwise than in the course of continuous interstate transportation through such State, Territory, District, or Possession or attempts so to do, or assists in so doing, Shall (1) If such liquor is not accompanied by such permits, or licenses therefor as may be re- quired by the laws of such State, Territory, Dis- trict, or Possession or (2) if all importation, bringing, or transportation of intoxicating liq- uor into such State, Territory, District, or Pos- session is prohibited by the laws thereof, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. In the enforcement of this section, the defini- tion of intoxicating liquor contained in the laws of the respective States, Territories, Districts, or Possessions shall be applied, but only to the extent that sales of such intoxicating liquor (ex- cept for scientific, sacramental, medicinal, and mechanical purposes) are prohibited therein. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 761; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 32, 63 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, § 3540, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4925; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1948 ACT Based on sections 222, 223 of title 27, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Intoxicating Liquors (June 25, 1936, ch. 815, §§ 2, 3, 49 Stat. 1928). Section consolidates subsection (a) of section 222 with section 223, of title 27, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Words ‘‘or 3.2 per centum of alcohol by weight’’ were inserted after ‘‘volume.’’ Such words conform with Flippin v. U.S. (1941, 121 F. 2d 742, 744, certiorari denied, 62 S. Ct. 184, 314 U.S. 677, 86 L. Ed. 542); Robason v. U.S. (1941, 122 F. 2d 991); Dolloff v. U.S. (1941, 121 F. 2d 157, certiorari denied, 62 S. Ct. 108, 314 U.S. 626, 86 L. Ed. 503, rehearing denied, 62 S. Ct. 178, 314 U.S. 710, 86 L. Ed. 566); and Tucker v. U.S. (1941, 123 F. 2d 280). Those cases overruled Arnold v. U.S. (1940, 115 F. 2d 523) and Gregg v. U.S. (1940, 116 F. 2d 609) and estab- lished that preservation of the congressional intent which requires addition of the inserted language. Subsection (b) of section 223 of title 27, U.S.C., 1940 ed., has been reworded to apply the definition of intoxi- cating liquor contained in the laws of the respective States to this section only, in accordance with admin- istrative interpretation. Said section 223 was derived from section 3 of the Liquor Enforcement Act of 1936 (Act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, 49 Stat. 1928), which was en- acted for the protection of dry States. As originally en- acted, its provisions relating to such definition also embraced the interstate commerce liquor laws from which sections 1263–1265 of this title were derived. In the enforcement of the latter, however, their own defi- nitions have been applied and not the definitions of the States into which or through which the liquor was shipped. Words ‘‘Territory, District, or Possession’’ were in- serted after ‘‘State’’, to conform with the definition of ‘‘State’’ given in said section 222 of title 27, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Such section, including subsection (b) thereof, is also incorporated in section 3615 of this title. Words ‘‘be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall’’ were omitted in view of definitive section 1 of this title. Minor changes were made throughout in arrangement and phraseology. 1949 ACT This section [section 32] corrects a typographical error in section 1262 of title 18, U.S.C. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $1,000’’ in second par. 1990—Pub. L. 101–647 substituted ‘‘State’’ for ‘‘state’’ in section catchline. 1949—Act May 24, 1949, substituted ‘‘Districts’’ for ‘‘District’’ in last par. § 1263. Marks and labels on packages Whoever knowingly ships into any place with- in the United States any package containing any spirituous, vinous, malted, or other fer- mented liquor, or any compound containing any spirituous, vinous, malted, or other fermented liquor fit for use for beverage purposes, unless such shipment is accompanied by copy of a bill of lading, or other document showing the name of the consignee, the nature of its contents, and the quantity contained therein, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 90–518, § 1, Sept. 26, 1968, 82 Stat. 872; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)