42 U.S.C. § 5305 — Activities eligible for assistance

Page 6501 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 to occur during period 1980 through 1985, an assessment of impact that such conversions have had or are likely to have on availability of housing to lower income per- sons, an assessment of extent to which such conver- sions are concentrated in certain areas or types of areas of country, and an assessment of factors contrib- uting to increase in such conversions, and which report was also to include recommendations concerning alter- native means to minimize the adverse impact that such conversions may have on lower income persons. Executive Documents FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT For provisions relating to reduction of risk of flood loss, minimization of impact of floods on human safety, health and welfare, and management of floodplains, see Ex. Ord. No. 11988, May 24, 1977, 42 F.R. 26951, set out as a note under section 4321 of this title. PROTECTION OF WETLANDS For provisions relating to protection of wetlands, see Ex. Ord. No. 11990, May 24, 1977, 42 F.R. 26961, set out as a note under section 4321 of this title. § 5305. Activities eligible for assistance (a) Enumeration of eligible activities Activities assisted under this chapter may in- clude only— (1) the acquisition of real property (includ- ing air rights, water rights, and other inter- ests therein) which is (A) blighted, deterio- rated, deteriorating, undeveloped, or inappro- priately developed from the standpoint of sound community development and growth; (B) appropriate for rehabilitation or conserva- tion activities; (C) appropriate for the preser- vation or restoration of historic sites, the beautification of urban land, the conservation of open spaces, natural resources, and scenic areas, the provision of recreational opportuni- ties, or the guidance of urban development; (D) to be used for the provision of public works, facilities, and improvements eligible for assistance under this chapter; or (E) to be used for other public purposes; (2) the acquisition, construction, reconstruc- tion, or installation (including design features and improvements with respect to such con- struction, reconstruction, or installation that promote energy efficiency) of public works, fa- cilities (except for buildings for the general conduct of government), and site or other im- provements; (3) code enforcement in deteriorated or dete- riorating areas in which such enforcement, to- gether with public or private improvements or services to be provided, may be expected to ar- rest the decline of the area; (4) clearance, demolition, removal, recon- struction, and rehabilitation (including reha- bilitation which promotes energy efficiency) of buildings and improvements (including in- terim assistance, and financing public or pri- vate acquisition for reconstruction or rehabili- tation, and reconstruction or rehabilitation, of privately owned properties, and including the renovation of closed school buildings); (5) special projects directed to the removal of material and architectural barriers which restrict the mobility and accessibility of el- derly and handicapped persons; (6) payments to housing owners for losses of rental income incurred in holding for tem- porary periods housing units to be utilized for the relocation of individuals and families dis- placed by activities under this chapter; (7) disposition (through sale, lease, donation, or otherwise) of any real property acquired pursuant to this chapter or its retention for public purposes; (8) provision of public services, including but not limited to those concerned with employ- ment, crime prevention, child care, health, drug abuse, education, energy conservation, welfare or recreation needs, if such services have not been provided by the unit of general local government (through funds raised by such unit, or received by such unit from the State in which it is located) during any part of the twelve-month period immediately pre- ceding the date of submission of the statement with respect to which funds are to be made available under this chapter, and which are to be used for such services, unless the Secretary finds that the discontinuation of such services was the result of events not within the control of the unit of general local government, except that not more than 15 per centum of the amount of any assistance to a unit of general local government (or in the case of nonenti- tled communities not more than 15 per centum statewide) under this chapter including pro- gram income may be used for activities under this paragraph unless such unit of general local government used more than 15 percent of the assistance received under this chapter for fiscal year 1982 or fiscal year 1983 for such ac- tivities (excluding any assistance received pursuant to Public Law 98–8), in which case such unit of general local government may use not more than the percentage or amount of such assistance used for such activities for such fiscal year, whichever method of calcula- tion yields the higher amount, except that of any amount of assistance under this chapter (including program income) in each of fiscal years 1993 through 2003 to the City of Los An- geles and County of Los Angeles, each such unit of general government may use not more than 25 percent in each such fiscal year for ac- tivities under this paragraph, and except that of any amount of assistance under this chapter (including program income) in each of fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001, to the City of Miami, such city may use not more than 25 percent in each fiscal year for activities under this para- graph; (9) payment of the non-Federal share re- quired in connection with a Federal grant-in- aid program undertaken as part of activities assisted under this chapter; (10) payment of the cost of completing a project funded under title I of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1450 et seq.]; (11) relocation payments and assistance for displaced individuals, families, businesses, or- ganizations, and farm operations, when deter- mined by the grantee to be appropriate; (12) activities necessary (A) to develop a comprehensive community development plan, and (B) to develop a policy-planning-manage- ment capacity so that the recipient of assist- Page 6502 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 1 See References in Text note below. ance under this chapter may more rationally and effectively (i) determine its needs, (ii) set long-term goals and short-term objectives, (iii) devise programs and activities to meet these goals and objectives, (iv) evaluate the progress of such programs in accomplishing these goals and objectives, and (v) carry out management, coordination, and monitoring of activities necessary for effective planning im- plementation; (13) payment of reasonable administrative costs related to establishing and admin- istering federally approved enterprise zones and payment of reasonable administrative costs and carrying charges related to (A) ad- ministering the HOME program under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.]; and (B) the planning and execution of community de- velopment and housing activities, including the provision of information and resources to residents of areas in which community devel- opment and housing activities are to be con- centrated with respect to the planning and execution of such activities, and including the carrying out of activities as described in sec- tion 701(e) of the Housing Act of 1954 1 on Au- gust 12, 1981; (14) provision of assistance including loans (both interim and long-term) and grants for activities which are carried out by public or private nonprofit entities, including (A) acqui- sition of real property; (B) acquisition, con- struction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or installation of (i) public facilities (except for buildings for the general conduct of govern- ment), site improvements, and utilities, and (ii) commercial or industrial buildings or structures and other commercial or industrial real property improvements; and (C) planning; (15) assistance to neighborhood-based non- profit organizations, local development cor- porations, nonprofit organizations serving the development needs of the communities in non- entitlement areas, or entities organized under section 681(d) 1 of title 15 to carry out a neigh- borhood revitalization or community eco- nomic development or energy conservation project in furtherance of the objectives of sec- tion 5301(c) of this title, and assistance to neighborhood-based nonprofit organizations, or other private or public nonprofit organiza- tions, for the purpose of assisting, as part of neighborhood revitalization or other commu- nity development, the development of shared housing opportunities (other than by construc- tion of new facilities) in which elderly families (as defined in section 1437a(b)(3) of this title) benefit as a result of living in a dwelling in which the facilities are shared with others in a manner that effectively and efficiently meets the housing needs of the residents and thereby reduces their cost of housing; (16) activities necessary to the development of energy use strategies related to a recipi- ent’s development goals, to assure that those goals are achieved with maximum energy effi- ciency, including items such as— (A) an analysis of the manner in, and the extent to, which energy conservation objec- tives will be integrated into local govern- ment operations, purchasing and service de- livery, capital improvements budgeting, waste management, district heating and cooling, land use planning and zoning, and traffic control, parking, and public transpor- tation functions; and (B) a statement of the actions the recipi- ent will take to foster energy conservation and the use of renewable energy resources in the private sector, including the enactment and enforcement of local codes and ordi- nances to encourage or mandate energy con- servation or use of renewable energy re- sources, financial and other assistance to be provided (principally for the benefit of low- and moderate-income persons) to make en- ergy conserving improvements to residential structures, and any other proposed energy conservation activities; (17) provision of assistance to private, for- profit entities, when the assistance is appro- priate to carry out an economic development project (that shall minimize, to the extent practicable, displacement of existing busi- nesses and jobs in neighborhoods) that— (A) creates or retains jobs for low- and moderate-income persons; (B) prevents or eliminates slums and blight; (C) meets urgent needs; (D) creates or retains businesses owned by community residents; (E) assists businesses that provide goods or services needed by, and affordable to, low- and moderate-income residents; or (F) provides technical assistance to pro- mote any of the activities under subpara- graphs (A) through (E); (18) the rehabilitation or development of housing assisted under section 1437o 1 of this title; (19) provision of technical assistance to pub- lic or nonprofit entities to increase the capac- ity of such entities to carry out eligible neigh- borhood revitalization or economic develop- ment activities, which assistance shall not be considered a planning cost as defined in para- graph (12) or administrative cost as defined in paragraph (13); (20) housing services, such as housing coun- seling in connection with tenant-based rental assistance and affordable housing projects as- sisted under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.], energy auditing, preparation of work specifications, loan processing, inspec- tions, tenant selection, management of ten- ant-based rental assistance, and other services related to assisting owners, tenants, contrac- tors, and other entities, participating or seek- ing to participate in housing activities as- sisted under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act; (21) provision of assistance by recipients under this chapter to institutions of higher education having a demonstrated capacity to carry out eligible activities under this sub- section for carrying out such activities; (22) provision of assistance to public and pri- vate organizations, agencies, and other enti- Page 6503 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 ties (including nonprofit and for-profit enti- ties) to enable such entities to facilitate eco- nomic development by— (A) providing credit (including providing direct loans and loan guarantees, estab- lishing revolving loan funds, and facilitating peer lending programs) for the establish- ment, stabilization, and expansion of micro- enterprises; (B) providing technical assistance, advice, and business support services (including as- sistance, advice, and support relating to de- veloping business plans, securing funding, conducting marketing, and otherwise engag- ing in microenterprise activities) to owners of microenterprises and persons developing microenterprises; and (C) providing general support (such as peer support programs and counseling) to owners of microenterprises and persons developing microenterprises; (23) activities necessary to make essential repairs and to pay operating expenses nec- essary to maintain the habitability of housing units acquired through tax foreclosure pro- ceedings in order to prevent abandonment and deterioration of such housing in primarily low- and moderate-income neighborhoods; (24) provision of direct assistance to facili- tate and expand homeownership among per- sons of low and moderate income (except that such assistance shall not be considered a pub- lic service for purposes of paragraph (8)) by using such assistance to— (A) subsidize interest rates and mortgage principal amounts for low- and moderate-in- come homebuyers; (B) finance the acquisition by low- and moderate-income homebuyers of housing that is occupied by the homebuyers; (C) acquire guarantees for mortgage fi- nancing obtained by low- and moderate-in- come homebuyers from private lenders (ex- cept that amounts received under this chap- ter may not be used under this subparagraph to directly guarantee such mortgage financ- ing and grantees under this chapter may not directly provide such guarantees); (D) provide up to 50 percent of any down- payment required from low- or moderate-in- come homebuyer; or (E) pay reasonable closing costs (normally associated with the purchase of a home) in- curred by a low- or moderate-income home- buyer; (25) the construction or improvement of tor- nado-safe shelters for residents of manufac- tured housing, and the provision of assistance (including loans and grants) to nonprofit and for-profit entities (including owners of manu- factured housing parks) for such construction or improvement, except that— (A) a shelter assisted with amounts pro- vided pursuant to this paragraph may be lo- cated only in a neighborhood (including a manufactured housing park) that— (i) contains not less than 20 manufac- tured housing units that are within such proximity to the shelter that the shelter is available to the residents of such units in the event of a tornado; (ii) consists predominantly of persons of low and moderate income; and (iii) is located within a State in which a tornado has occurred during the fiscal year for which the amounts to be used under this paragraph were made available or any of the 3 preceding fiscal years, as deter- mined by the Secretary after consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency; (B) such a shelter shall comply with stand- ards for construction and safety as the Sec- retary, after consultation with the Adminis- trator of the Federal Emergency Manage- ment Agency, shall provide to ensure protec- tion from tornadoes; (C) such a shelter shall be of a size suffi- cient to accommodate, at a single time, all occupants of manufactured housing units lo- cated within the neighborhood in which the shelter is located; and (D) amounts may not be used for a shelter as provided under this paragraph unless there is located, within the neighborhood in which the shelter is located (or, in the case of a shelter located in a manufactured hous- ing park, within 1,500 feet of such park), a warning siren that is operated in accordance with such local, regional, or national dis- aster warning programs or systems as the Secretary, after consultation with the Ad- ministrator of the Federal Emergency Man- agement Agency, considers appropriate to ensure adequate notice of occupants of man- ufactured housing located in such neighbor- hood or park of a tornado; and (26) lead-based paint hazard evaluation and reduction, as defined in section 4851b of this title. (b) Reimbursement of Secretary for administra- tive services connected with rehabilitation of properties Upon the request of the recipient of assistance under this chapter, the Secretary may agree to perform administrative services on a reimburs- able basis on behalf of such recipient in connec- tion with loans or grants for the rehabilitation of properties as authorized under subsection (a)(4). (c) Activities benefiting persons of low and mod- erate income (1) In any case in which an assisted activity described in paragraph (14) or (17) of subsection (a) is identified as principally benefiting persons of low and moderate income, such activity shall— (A) be carried out in a neighborhood con- sisting predominately of persons of low and moderate income and provide services for such persons; or (B) involve facilities designed for use pre- dominately by persons of low and moderate in- come; or (C) involve employment of persons, a major- ity of whom are persons of low and moderate income. (2)(A) In any case in which an assisted activity described in subsection (a) is designed to serve Page 6504 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 an area generally and is clearly designed to meet identified needs of persons of low and mod- erate income in such area, such activity shall be considered to principally benefit persons of low and moderate income if (i) not less than 51 per- cent of the residents of such area are persons of low and moderate income; (ii) in any metropoli- tan city or urban county, the area served by such activity is within the highest quartile of all areas within the jurisdiction of such city or county in terms of the degree of concentration of persons of low and moderate income; or (iii) the assistance for such activity is limited to paying assessments (including any charge made as a condition of obtaining access) levied against properties owned and occupied by per- sons of low and moderate income to recover the capital cost for a public improvement. (B) The requirements of subparagraph (A) do not prevent the use of assistance under this chapter for the development, establishment, and operation for not to exceed 2 years after its es- tablishment of a uniform emergency telephone number system if the Secretary determines that— (i) such system will contribute substantially to the safety of the residents of the area served by such system; (ii) not less than 51 percent of the use of the system will be by persons of low and moderate income; and (iii) other Federal funds received by the grantee are not available for the development, establishment, and operation of such system due to the insufficiency of the amount of such funds, the restrictions on the use of such funds, or the prior commitment of such funds for other purposes by the grantee. The percentage of the cost of the development, establishment, and operation of such a system that may be paid from assistance under this chapter and that is considered to benefit low and moderate income persons is the percentage of the population to be served that is made up of persons of low and moderate income. (3) Any assisted activity under this chapter that involves the acquisition or rehabilitation of property to provide housing shall be considered to benefit persons of low and moderate income only to the extent such housing will, upon com- pletion, be occupied by such persons. (4) For the purposes of subsection (c)(1)(C)— (A) if an employee resides in, or the assisted activity through which he or she is employed, is located in a census tract that meets the Federal enterprise zone eligibility criteria, the employee shall be presumed to be a person of low- or moderate-income; or (B) if an employee resides in a census tract where not less than 70 percent of the residents have incomes at or below 80 percent of the area median, the employee shall be presumed to be a person of low or moderate income. (d) Training program The Secretary shall implement, using funds recaptured pursuant to section 5318(o) of this title, an on-going education and training pro- gram for officers and employees of the Depart- ment, especially officers and employees of area and other field offices of the Department, who are responsible for monitoring and admin- istering activities pursuant to paragraphs (14), (15), and (17) of subsection (a) for the purpose of ensuring that (A) such personnel possess a thor- ough understanding of such activities; and (B) regulations and guidelines are implemented in a consistent fashion. (e) Guidelines for evaluating and selecting eco- nomic development projects (1) Establishment The Secretary shall establish, by regulation, guidelines to assist grant recipients under this chapter to evaluate and select activities de- scribed in subsection (a)(14), (15), and (17) for assistance with grant amounts. The Secretary shall not base a determination of eligibility of the use of funds under this chapter for such as- sistance solely on the basis that the recipient fails to achieve one or more of the guidelines’ objectives as stated in paragraph (2). (2) Project costs and financial requirements The guidelines established under this sub- section shall include the following objectives: (A) The project costs of such activities are reasonable. (B) To the extent practicable, reasonable financial support has been committed for such activities from non-Federal sources prior to disbursement of Federal funds. (C) To the extent practicable, any grant amounts to be provided for such activities do not substantially reduce the amount of non-Federal financial support for the activ- ity. (D) Such activities are financially feasible. (E) To the extent practicable, such activi- ties provide not more than a reasonable re- turn on investment to the owner. (F) To the extent practicable, grant amounts used for the costs of such activities are disbursed on a pro rata basis with amounts from other sources. (3) Public benefit The guidelines established under this sub- section shall provide that the public benefit provided by the activity is appropriate rel- ative to the amount of assistance provided with grant amounts under this chapter. (f) Assistance to for-profit entities In any case in which an activity described in paragraph (17) of subsection (a) is provided as- sistance such assistance shall not be limited to activities for which no other forms of assistance are available or could not be accomplished but for that assistance. (g) Microenterprise and small business program requirements In developing program requirements and pro- viding assistance pursuant to paragraph (17) of subsection (a) to a microenterprise or small business, the Secretary shall— (1) take into account the special needs and limitations arising from the size of the entity; and (2) not consider training, technical assist- ance, or other support services costs provided to small businesses or microenterprises or to Page 6505 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 grantees and subgrantees to develop the ca- pacity to provide such assistance, as a plan- ning cost pursuant to subsection (a)(12) or an administrative cost pursuant to subsection (a)(13). (h) Prohibition on use of assistance for employ- ment relocation activities Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no amount from a grant under section 5306 of this title made in fiscal year 1999 or any suc- ceeding fiscal year may be used to assist di- rectly in the relocation of any industrial or commercial plant, facility, or operation, from 1 area to another area, if the relocation is likely to result in a significant loss of employment in the labor market area from which the relocation occurs. (Pub. L. 93–383, title I, § 105, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 94–375, § 15(b), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1076; Pub. L. 95–128, title I, § 105, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1116; Pub. L. 95–557, title I, § 103(e), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2084; Pub. L. 96–399, title I, § 104(c)–(e), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1616–1618; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §§ 303(a), 309(e)–(g), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 387, 396; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title I, § 105(a), (b)(1), (c)–(e), title III, § 302(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1163, 1164, 1206; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, § 101(a)(8), (9)(A), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2219; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §§ 504, 510, 511, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1925, 1929; Pub. L. 100–404, title I, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1019; Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, §§ 907, 908, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4387, 4389; Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, §§ 805, 806(a), (b), (c), 807(a), (b)(3), (c)(1), (d)–(f), 809, title X, § 1012(f), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3846, 3847, 3849, 3850, 3905; Pub. L. 103–195, § 2(a), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2297; Pub. L. 103–233, title II, § 207, Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(e) [title II, § 225], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–291; re- numbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, § 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 104–204, title II, § 220, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2906; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §§ 218, 232, title V, §§ 588, 596(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2487, 2492, 2651, 2659; Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(1) [title II, § 224], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–30; Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, § 631, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2227; Pub. L. 108–146, § 2, Dec. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1883; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, § 612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II, § 100243(a), (b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 963, 966.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), (c)(2), (3), and (e)(1), (3), was in the original ‘‘this title’’, meaning title I of Pub. L. 93–383, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 633, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables. Public Law 98–8, referred to in subsec. (a)(8), is Pub. L. 98–8, Mar. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 13. Provisions of that Act relating to assistance under this chapter are not classi- fied to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a)(10), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413. Title I of the Housing Act of 1949 was classified generally to sub- chapter II (§ 1450 et seq.) of chapter 8A of this title, and was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 5316 of this title which terminated authority to make grants and loans under such title I after Jan. 1, 1975. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of this title and Tables. The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(13)(A), (20), is Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4079. Title II of the Act, known as the HOME Investment Partnerships Act, is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 12721 et seq.) of chapter 130 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12701 of this title and Tables. Section 701(e) of the Housing Act of 1954, referred to in subsec. (a)(13)(B), is section 701(e) of act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, 68 Stat. 640, which was classified to section 461(e) of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and was repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title III, § 313(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 398. Section 681(d) of title 15, referred to in subsec. (a)(15), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–208, div. D, title II, § 208(b)(3)(A), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–742. Section 1437o of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(18), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, § 289(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128. CODIFICATION In subsec. (a)(13), ‘‘August 12, 1981’’ substituted for ‘‘the date prior to the date of enactment of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981’’. AMENDMENTS 2012—Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(a)(3), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (24). Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(b)(1), inserted ‘‘and’’ at end. Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(a)(4), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(a)(2), which directed redesig- nation of second par. (24), relating to tornado-safe shel- ters, as (25), was executed by redesignating the par. (24) which appeared first and which related to tornado-safe shelters as (25) and moving such par. so as to appear after the par. (24) relating to homeownership among persons with low and moderate income, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (a)(26). Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(b)(2), sub- stituted period for semicolon at end. Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(a)(1), redesignated par. (25) as (26). Subsec. (a)(27), (28). Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(b)(3), struck out pars. (27) and (28) which related to supplementing existing State or local funding for ad- ministration of building code enforcement by local building code enforcement departments and assistance to local governmental agencies responsible for flood- plain management activities for outreach activities to encourage and facilitate the purchase of flood insur- ance protection and to promote educational activities that increase awareness of flood risk reduction. Pub. L. 112–141, § 100243(a)(4)–(6), added pars. (27) and (28). 2003—Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 108–146, § 2(1), which di- rected amendment of par. (22) by striking out ‘‘and’’ at end, could not be executed because that word had been previously stricken. Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 108–146, § 2(2), which directed amendment of par. (23) by substituting a semicolon for period at end, could not be executed because par. (23) did not have a period at end. Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 108–146, § 2(2), added par. (24) relating to tornado-safe shelters. 2002—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 107–116 substituted ‘‘through 2003’’ for ‘‘through 2001’’. 2000—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 106–377 substituted ‘‘1993 through 2001 to the City of Los Angeles’’ for ‘‘1993 through 2000 to the City of Los Angeles’’. 1998—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–276, § 596(a), which di- rected the substitution of ‘‘2000’’ for ‘‘1998’’, was exe- cuted by substituting ‘‘2000’’ for ‘‘1999’’, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–276, § 218, see below. Page 6506 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 Pub. L. 105–276, § 232, substituted ‘‘each of fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001, to the City of Miami, such city may use not more than 25 percent in each fiscal year for ac- tivities under this paragraph;’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 1994 to the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, such city may use not more than 20 percent in each such fiscal year for activities under this paragraph;’’. Pub. L. 105–276, § 218, substituted ‘‘1999’’ for ‘‘1998’’. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–276, § 588, added subsec. (h). 1996—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101[(e)] [title II, § 225(1)], inserted ‘‘reconstruction,’’ after ‘‘removal,’’ and substituted ‘‘acquisition for reconstruction or re- habilitation, and reconstruction or rehabilitation’’ for ‘‘acquisition for rehabilitation, and rehabilitation’’. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 104–204 substituted ‘‘through 1998’’ for ‘‘through 1997’’. Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(2)], struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(3), (6)], redesignated par. (20) as (19) and struck out former par. (19) which read as follows: ‘‘provision of as- sistance to facilitate substantial reconstruction of housing owned and occupied by low and moderate in- come persons (A) where the need for the reconstruction was not determinable until after rehabilitation under this section had already commenced, or (B) where the reconstruction is part of a neighborhood rehabilitation effort and the grantee (i) determines the housing is not suitable for rehabilitation, and (ii) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the cost of substan- tial reconstruction is significantly less than the cost of new construction and less than the fair market value of the property after substantial reconstruction;’’. Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(6)], redesignated par. (21) relating to housing serv- ices as (20). Former par. (20) redesignated (19). Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(6)], redesignated par. (22) as (21). Former par. (21), relating to housing services, redesignated (20). Another former par. (21), relating to lead-based paint hazard evaluation and reduction, redesignated (25). Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(6)], redesignated par. (23) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (21). Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(4), (6)], redesignated par. (24) as (23) and struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Former par. (23) redesignated (22). Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(5), (6)], redesignated par. (25) as (24) and sub- stituted ‘‘; and’’ for period at end. Former par. (24) re- designated (23). Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 104–134, § 101(e) [title II, § 225(7)], redesignated par. (21) relating to lead-based paint hazard evaluation and reduction as (25). Former par. (25) redesignated (24). 1994—Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 103–233, § 207(a), inserted cl. (A) and designated provisions after cl. (A) as cl. (B). Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 103–233, § 207(b), inserted ‘‘in connection with tenant-based rental assistance and af- fordable housing projects assisted under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act’’ after ‘‘housing counseling’’ and substituted ‘‘assisted under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Afford- able Housing Act’’ for ‘‘authorized under this section, or under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Af- fordable Housing Act, except that activities under this paragraph shall be subject to any limitation on admin- istrative expenses imposed by any law’’. 1993—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 103–195 struck out ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘higher amount,’’ and inserted before semicolon at end ‘‘, and except that of any amount of assistance under this chapter (including program income) in fiscal year 1994 to the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, such city may use not more than 20 percent in each such fis- cal year for activities under this paragraph’’. 1992—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(e), sub- stituted ‘‘public or private improvements or’’ for ‘‘pub- lic improvements and’’. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(a)(1), inserted be- fore semicolon at end ‘‘, and except that of any amount of assistance under this chapter (including program in- come) in each of fiscal years 1993 through 1997 to the City of Los Angeles and County of Los Angeles, each such unit of general government may use not more than 25 percent in each such fiscal year for activities under this paragraph’’. Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 102–550, § 809, inserted ‘‘pay- ment of reasonable administrative costs related to es- tablishing and administering federally approved enter- prise zones and’’ after ‘‘(13)’’. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(d), inserted ‘‘pro- vision of assistance including loans (both interim and long-term) and grants for’’ before ‘‘activities’’. Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(f), inserted ‘‘non- profit organizations serving the development needs of the communities in nonentitlement areas,’’ after ‘‘cor- porations,’’. Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(a)(2)–(4), added par. (20) and redesignated former par. (20) as (25). Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 102–550, § 1012(f), added par. (21) relating to lead-based paint hazard evaluation and re- duction. Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(a)(2)–(4), added par. (21) relating to housing services. Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(a)(2)–(4), added par. (22). Subsec. (a)(23) to (25). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(b)(3), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–625, § 907(b)(2). See 1990 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(a)(2)–(4), added pars. (23) and (24) and redesignated former par. (20) as (25). Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 102–550, § 806(e), added par. (4). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–550, § 805, added subsec. (d). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–550, § 806(a), added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–550, § 806(b), added subsec. (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(c)(1), added subsec. (g). 1990—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 101–625, § 908, inserted ‘‘(or in the case of nonentitled communities not more than 15 per centum statewide)’’ after ‘‘assistance to a unit of general local government’’ and ‘‘including program in- come’’ before ‘‘may be used for activities’’. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 101–625, § 907(a), amended par. (17) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (17) read as follows: ‘‘provision of assistance to private, for-profit entities, when the assistance is necessary or appro- priate to carry out an economic development project;’’. Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 101–625, § 907(b)(1), added par. (20). Subsec. (a)(23) to (25). Pub. L. 101–625, § 907(b)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, § 807(b)(3), directed the amendment of subsec. (a) by inserting ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (23), substituting a period for ‘‘; and’’ at end of par. (24), and striking out par. (25). This amendment was not executed pursuant to Pub. L. 104–204 which provided that subsec. (a)(25) shall continue to be effective and the termination and conforming provisions of section 907(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–625 shall not be effective. See Ef- fective Date of 1990 Amendments note below. 1988—Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 100–242, § 504(a), sub- stituted ‘‘assistance’’ for ‘‘grants’’ in two places. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 100–242, § 504(b), amended par. (16) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) and (B) provisions of former subpars. (A) to (I). Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 100–242, § 510, added par. (19). Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–242, § 511, designated exist- ing provision as subpar. (A), redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and added sub- par. (B). Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 100–404 added cl. (iii). 1984—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 98–479, § 101(a)(8)(A), in- serted ‘‘fiscal year 1982 or’’. Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 98–479, § 101(a)(8)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘and’’ for ‘‘including’’ before ‘‘grants to neigh- borhood-based nonprofit organizations’’. Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 98–479, § 101(a)(9)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘in any metropolitan city or urban county, the area served by such activity is within the highest quartile of all areas within the jurisdiction of such city or county in terms of the degree of concentration of Page 6507 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 persons of low and moderate income’’ for ‘‘in any juris- diction having no areas meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A), the area served by such activity has a larger proportion of persons of low and moderate in- come than not less than 75 percent of the other areas in the jurisdiction of the recipient’’. 1983—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, § 105(a), amended par. (2) generally, inserting exception for buildings for the general conduct of government, and striking out provisions which enumerated types of public works, fa- cilities, and site or other improvements, including neighborhood facilities, centers for the handicapped, senior centers, historic properties, etc. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 98–181, § 105(b)(1), substituted ‘‘not more than 15 per centum’’ for ‘‘not more than 10 per centum’’ and inserted at the end thereof ‘‘unless such unit of general local government used more than 15 percent of the assistance received under this chapter for fiscal year 1983 for such activities (excluding any as- sistance received pursuant to Public Law 98–8), in which case such unit of general local government may use not more than the percentage or amount of such as- sistance used for such activities for such fiscal year, whichever method of calculation yields the higher amount’’. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 98–181, § 105(c), substituted ‘‘public facilities (except for buildings for the general conduct of government)’’ for ‘‘public facilities’’. Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 98–181, § 105(d), inserted provi- sion for assistance for shared housing facilities for el- derly families, as defined in section 1437a(b)(3) of this title. Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 98–181, § 302(a), added par. (18). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–181, § 105(e), added subsec. (c). 1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(1), in provi- sions preceding par. (1) substituted provisions relating to activities eligible for assistance for provisions relat- ing to activities of a Community Development Pro- gram eligible for assistance. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(2), struck out ‘‘program’’ after ‘‘displaced by’’. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 97–35, § 303(a)(1), added new par. (8) which generally revised and restructured provisions relating to provision of public services if such services have not been provided by the relevant unit of local government or State in which such unit is located, and limited amount of assistance under this paragraph to not more than 10 per centum of the amount of any as- sistance to a unit of general local government under this chapter. Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(3), substituted ‘‘activities assisted under this chapter’’ for ‘‘Commu- nity Development Program’’. Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(4), struck out ‘‘to the community development program’’ after ‘‘appro- priate’’. Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 97–35, § 303(a)(2), inserted ref- erence to the carrying out of activities as described in section 701(e) of the Housing Act of 1954 on Aug. 12, 1981. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(5), substituted ‘‘which are carried out by public or private non-profit entities’’ for ‘‘(as specifically described in the applica- tion submitted pursuant to section 5304 of this title) which are carried out by public or private non-profit entities when such activities are necessary or appro- priate to meeting the needs and objectives of the com- munity development plan described in section 5304(a)(1) of this title’’. Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(f)(6), struck out ‘‘(as specifically described in the application submitted pursuant to section 5304 of this title)’’ after ‘‘conserva- tion project’’. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 97–35, § 303(a)(5), added par. (17). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35, § 309(g), substituted ‘‘assist- ance’’ for ‘‘a grant’’. 1980—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(1), inserted provisions respecting design features and improve- ments, power generation and distribution facilities, park, etc., facilities, and recycling and conversion fa- cilities. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(2), (d), inserted provisions respecting rehabilitation which promotes energy efficiency and the renovation of closed school buildings. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(3), inserted ref- erence to energy conservation. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(5), (e)(1), in- serted provision respecting the application pursuant to section 5304 of this title. Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(4), (5), (e)(2), in- serted provisions respecting energy conservation, and the application submitted pursuant to section 5304 of this title. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 96–399, § 104(c)(5), added par. (16). 1978—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted ‘‘dis- placed’’ after ‘‘payments and assistance for’’ and sub- stituted ‘‘when determined by the grantee to be appro- priate to the community development program’’ for ‘‘displaced by activities assisted under this chapter’’. 1977—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–128, § 105(a), inserted in introductory text description of activities covered in- cluding the words ‘‘These activities’’. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 95–128, § 105(b), substituted ‘‘(in- cluding interim assistance, and financing public or pri- vate acquisition for rehabilitation, and rehabilitation, of privately owned properties)’’ for ‘‘(including interim assistance and financing rehabilitation of privately owned properties when incidental to other activities)’’. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 95–128, § 105(c), struck out from cl. (A) ‘‘economic development,’’ before ‘‘crime preven- tion’’ and authorized the program to provide public services only if such services have not been provided by the unit of general local government during any part of the twelve-month period preceding the date of applica- tion submission for funds to be made available under this chapter, and to be utilized for such services, unless the Secretary finds that the discontinuation of such services was the result of events not within the control of the applicant. Subsec. (a)(14), (15). Pub. L. 95–128, § 105(d), added pars. (14) and (15). 1976—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–375 inserted ‘‘centers for the handicapped,’’ after ‘‘neighborhood facilities,’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME ‘‘Administrator of the Federal Emergency Manage- ment Agency’’ substituted for ‘‘Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’’ in subsec. (a)(25)(A)(iii), (B), (D) on authority of section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security. Any reference to the Ad- ministrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agen- cy until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II, § 100243(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 966, provided that the amendment made by section 100243(b) of Pub. L. 112–141 is effective on the date that is 2 years after July 6, 2012. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–116 effective Sept. 30, 2001, see section 603 of Pub. L. 107–116, set out as a note under section 1715n of Title 12, Banks and Banking. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by title V of Pub. L. 105–276 effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as other- wise provided, with provision that Secretary may im- plement amendment before such date, except to extent Page 6508 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5305 that such amendment provides otherwise, and with sav- ings provision, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title. Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 596(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2659, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this sec- tion [amending this section] is made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 103–233 applicable with re- spect to any amounts made available to carry out sub- chapter II (§ 12721 et seq.) of chapter 130 of this title after Apr. 11, 1994, and any amounts made available to carry out that subchapter before that date that remain uncommitted on that date, with Secretary to issue any regulations necessary to carry out such amendment not later than end of 45-day period beginning on that date, see section 209 of Pub. L. 103–233, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 104–204, title II, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2887, provided in part: ‘‘That for fiscal year 1997 and there- after, section 105(a)(25) of such Act [section 105(a)(25) [now (24)] of Pub. L. 93–383, classified to subsec. (a)(24) of this section], shall continue to be effective and the termination and conforming provisions of section 907(b)(2) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, set out below] shall not be effective’’. Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(e) [title II], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–257, 1321–272, provided in part: ‘‘That sec- tion 105(a)(25) of such Act [section 105(a)(25) [now (24)] of Pub. L. 93–383, classified to subsec. (a)(24) of this sec- tion], as added by section 907(b)(1) of the Cranston-Gon- zalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625], shall continue to be effective after September 30, 1995, notwithstanding section 907(b)(2) of such Act [set out below]’’. Pub. L. 104–120, § 3(a), Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 835, pro- vided that: ‘‘Notwithstanding the amendments made by section 907(b)(2) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Af- fordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, set out below], section 105(a)(25) of the Housing and Community Devel- opment Act of 1974 [subsec. (a)(25) [now (24)] of this sec- tion], as in existence on September 30, 1995, shall apply to the use of assistance made available under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] during fiscal year 1996.’’ Amendment by section 907(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–625, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, § 807(b)(1), (2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3849, effective ‘‘October 1, 1994 (or October 1, 1995, if the Secretary determines that such later date is necessary to continue to provide home- ownership assistance until homeownership assistance is available under title II of the Cranston-Gonzalez Na- tional Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.])’’. [Date extended by Secretary to Oct. 1, 1995, see 59 F.R. 49954, Sept. 30, 1994.] EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–479, title I, § 101(a)(9)(B), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2219, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall take ef- fect upon the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1984] and shall be implemented through an interim instruction issued by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- ment. Not later than June 1, 1985, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue a final reg- ulation regarding the provisions of such amendment.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1983 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 98–181 applicable only to funds available for fiscal year 1984 and thereafter, see section 110(b) of Pub. L. 98–181, as amended, set out as a note under section 5316 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–557 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 104 of Pub. L. 95–557, set out as a note under section 1709 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–128 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 114 of Pub. L. 95–128, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title. NON-FEDERAL COST SHARING OF ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PROJECTS Pub. L. 105–276, title II, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2478, provided in part that: ‘‘For any fiscal year, of the amounts made available as emergency funds under the heading ‘Community Development Block Grants Fund’ and notwithstanding any other provision of law, not more than $250,000 may be used for the non-Federal cost-share of any project funded by the Secretary of the Army through the Corps of Engineers.’’ BROWNFIELDS PROJECTS AS ELIGIBLE CDBG ACTIVITY Pub. L. 105–276, title II, § 205, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2484, provided that: ‘‘For fiscal years 1998, 1999, and all fiscal years thereafter, States and entitlement commu- nities may use funds allocated under the community development block grants program under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] for environmental cleanup and eco- nomic development activities related to Brownfields projects in conjunction with the appropriate environ- mental regulatory agencies, as if such activities were eligible under section 105(a) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 5305(a)].’’ Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 105–65, title II, § 209, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1366. GAO STUDY OF USE OF GRANTS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, § 806(c), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3847, directed Comptroller General to conduct a study of use of grant amounts under this chapter for activities described in paragraphs (14), (15), and (17) of subsec. (a) of this section, including an evaluation of whether the activities for which such amounts are being used under such paragraphs further the goals and objectives of such program, as established in section 5301 of this title, and directed Comptroller General to submit a report to Congress regarding the findings of the study and recommendations not later than the ex- piration of the 18-month period beginning on Oct. 28, 1992. ENHANCING JOB QUALITY; REPORT TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, § 806(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3847, directed Comptroller General, not later than 1 year after Oct. 28, 1992, to submit to Congress a report on types and quality of jobs created or retained through assistance provided pursuant to this chapter and the extent to which projects and activities assisted under this chapter enhance the upward mobility and fu- ture earning capacity of low- and moderate-income per- sons who are benefited by such projects and activities. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSIST- ANCE IN PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT OF MICROENTER- PRISES Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, § 807(c)(4), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3849, directed Secretary, not later than 18 months after Oct. 28, 1992, to submit to Congress a report on ef- fectiveness of assistance provided through this chapter Page 6509 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 5306 in promoting development of microenterprises, includ- ing a review of any statutory or regulatory provision that impedes development of microenterprises. COMMUNITY INVESTMENT CORPORATION DEMONSTRATION Pub. L. 102–550, title VIII, § 853, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3859, provided for establishment of a demonstration program to develop ways to improve access to capital for initiatives which would benefit specific targeted ge- ographic areas and to test new models for bringing credit and investment capital to low-income persons in targeted geographic areas, using depository institution holding companies and eligible local nonprofit organi- zations selected by Secretary of Housing and Urban De- velopment to provide capital assistance, grants, and training under direction of an advisory board. Funds for the program were authorized for fiscal years 1993 and 1994 to remain available until expended. WAIVER OF LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF FUNDS WHICH MAY BE USED IN FISCAL YEARS 1982, 1983, AND 1984 FOR PUBLIC SERVICE ACTIVITIES Pub. L. 97–35, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 388, as amended Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title I, § 105(b)(2)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1164, authorized Sec- retary, in fiscal years 1982 and 1983, to waive the limita- tion on amount of funds which could be used for public services activities under subsec. (a)(8) of this section, in the case of a unit of general local government which, during fiscal year 1981, allocated more than 10 per cen- tum of funds received under this chapter for such ac- tivities. § 5306. Allocation and distribution of funds (a) Amounts allocated to Indian tribes, discre- tionary fund, and metropolitan cities and urban counties; limitations on amount of an- nual grants (1) For each fiscal year, of the amount ap- proved in appropriation Acts under section 5303 of this title for grants for such fiscal year (ex- cluding the amounts provided for use in accord- ance with section 5307 of this title), the Sec- retary shall reserve for grants to Indian tribes 1 percent of the amount appropriated under such section. The Secretary shall provide for dis- tribution of amounts under this paragraph to In- dian tribes on the basis of a competition con- ducted pursuant to specific criteria for the se- lection of Indian tribes to receive such amounts. The criteria shall be contained in a regulation promulgated by the Secretary after notice and public comment. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, such grants to Indian tribes shall not be subject to the requirements of section 5304 of this title, except subsections (f), (g), and (k) of such section. (2) For each fiscal year, of the amount ap- proved in appropriation Acts under section 5303 of this title for grants for such fiscal year (ex- cluding the amounts provided for use in accord- ance with section 5307 of this title), the Sec- retary shall reserve for grants to insular areas $7,000,000. The Secretary shall provide for dis- tribution of amounts under this paragraph to in- sular areas on the basis of the ratio of the popu- lation of each insular area to the population of all insular areas. In determining the distribu- tion of amounts to insular areas, the Secretary may also include other statistical criteria as data become available from the Bureau of the Census, but only if such criteria are contained in a regulation promulgated by the Secretary after notice and public comment. (3) After reserving such amounts for Indian tribes under paragraph (1) and after reserving such amounts for insular areas under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall allocate amounts pro- vided for use under section 5307 of this title. (4) Of the amount remaining after allocations pursuant to paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), 70 per- cent shall be allocated by the Secretary to met- ropolitan cities and urban counties. Except as otherwise specifically authorized, each metro- politan city and urban county shall be entitled to an annual grant from such allocation in an amount not exceeding its basic amount com- puted pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of sub- section (b). (b) Computation of amount allocated to metro- politan cities and urban counties (1) The Secretary shall determine the amount to be allocated to each metropolitan city which shall be the greater of an amount that bears the same ratio to the allocation for all metropolitan areas as either— (A) the average of the ratios between— (i) the population of that city and the pop- ulation of all metropolitan areas; (ii) the extent of poverty in that city and the extent of poverty in all metropolitan areas; and (iii) the extent of housing overcrowding in that city and the extent of housing over- crowding in all metropolitan areas; or (B) the average of the ratios between— (i) the extent of growth lag in that city and the extent of growth lag in all metro- politan cities; (ii) the extent of poverty in that city and the extent of poverty in all metropolitan areas; and (iii) the age of housing in that city and the age of housing in all metropolitan areas. (2) The Secretary shall determine the amount to be allocated to each urban county, which shall be the greater of an amount that bears the same ratio to the allocation for all metropolitan areas as either— (A) the average of the ratios between— (i) the population of that urban county and the population of all metropolitan areas; (ii) the extent of poverty in that urban county and the extent of poverty in all met- ropolitan areas; and (iii) the extent of housing overcrowding in that urban county and the extent of housing overcrowding in all metropolitan areas; or (B) the average of the ratios between— (i) the extent of growth lag in that urban county and the extent of growth lag in all metropolitan cities and urban counties; (ii) the extent of poverty in that urban county and the extent of poverty in all met- ropolitan areas; and (iii) the age of housing in that urban coun- ty and the age of housing in all metropolitan areas. (3) In determining the average of ratios under paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A), the ratio involving the extent of poverty shall be counted twice, and each of the other ratios shall be counted once; and in determining the average of ratios