22 U.S.C. § 6201 — Congressional findings and declaration of

Page 1765 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6201 § 6105. Liability for repayments If any fellow fails to fulfill the fellow’s agree- ment to pay the United States Information Agency for the expenses incurred by the United States Information Agency in connection with the fellowship, a sum equal to the amount of the expenses of the fellowship shall be recoverable by the United States Information Agency from the fellow (or a legal representative) by— (1) setoff against accrued pay, compensation, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due the fellow from the Federal Government; and (2) such other method as is provided by law for the recovery of amounts owing to the Fed- eral Government. (Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 256, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broad- casting Board of Governors and International Broad- casting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. § 6106. Definitions For purposes of this chapter— (1) the term ‘‘agency of the United States Government’’ includes any agency of the legis- lative branch and any court of the judicial branch as well as any agency of the executive branch; (2) the term ‘‘agency head’’ means— (A) in the case of the executive branch of Government or an agency of the legislative branch other than the House of Representa- tives or the Senate, the head of the respec- tive agency; (B) in the case of the judicial branch of Government, the chief judge of the respec- tive court; (C) in the case of the Senate, the President pro tempore, in consultation with the Major- ity Leader and Minority Leader of the Sen- ate; and (D) in the case of the House of Representa- tives, the Speaker of the House, in consulta- tion with the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the House; (3) the term ‘‘Center’’ means the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs; and (4) the term ‘‘detailee’’ means an employee of an agency of the United States Government on assignment or loan to the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs without a change of posi- tion from the agency by which he or she is em- ployed. (Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 257, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432.) CHAPTER 71—UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING Sec. 6201. Congressional findings and declaration of pur- poses. 6202. Standards and principles. Sec. 6203. Establishment of the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media. 6204. Authorities of Chief Executive Officer. 6205. Establishment of the International Broad- casting Advisory Board. 6206. Grantee corporate boards of directors. 6207. Limits on grants for Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. 6208. Radio Free Asia. 6208a. Open Technology Fund. 6209. Incorporation and non-Federal status of broadcasting entities. 6209a. Inspector General authorities. 6209b. Role of the Secretary of State in foreign pol- icy guidance. 6210. Preservation of American jobs. 6211. Repealed. 6212. Requirement for authorization of appropria- tions. 6213. Definitions. 6214. Relocation costs. 6215. Establishment of Radio Free Afghanistan. 6216. Special authority for surge capacity. 6217. Global internet freedom. § 6201. Congressional findings and declaration of purposes The Congress makes the following findings and declarations: (1) It is the policy of the United States to promote the right of freedom of opinion and expression, including the freedom ‘‘to seek, re- ceive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of fron- tiers,’’ in accordance with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2) Open communication of information and ideas among the peoples of the world contrib- utes to international peace and stability and the promotion of such communication is in the interests of the United States. (3) It is in the interest of the United States to support broadcasting to other nations con- sistent with the requirements of this chapter. (4) The continuation of existing United States international broadcasting, and the creation of a new broadcasting service to the people of the People’s Republic of China and other countries of Asia which lack adequate sources of free information, would enhance the promotion of information and ideas, while ad- vancing the goals of United States foreign pol- icy. (5) The reorganization and consolidation of United States international broadcasting will achieve important economies and strengthen the capability of the United States to use broadcasting to support freedom and democ- racy in a rapidly changing international envi- ronment. (Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 302, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in par. (3), was in the origi- nal ‘‘this title’’, meaning title III of Pub. L. 103–236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432, known as the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994, which is classi- fied principally to this chapter. For complete classi- fication of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. Page 1766 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6202 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2009 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XII, § 1261, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2553, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, § 1075(d)(19), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4374, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle D (§§ 1261–1266) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 111–84, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6204 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Victims of Iranian Censorship Act’ or the ‘VOICE Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–148, § 1, Mar. 11, 2002, 116 Stat. 64, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 6215 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Radio Free Afghanistan Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 301, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this chapter, amending sections 1465b, 1465c, and 2873 of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and repealing sections 1463, 2871 to 2877, and 2878 to 2883 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 2871 of this title] may be cited as the ‘United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994’.’’ § 6202. Standards and principles (a) Broadcasting standards United States international broadcasting shall— (1) be consistent with the broad foreign pol- icy objectives of the United States; (2) be consistent with the international tele- communications policies and treaty obliga- tions of the United States; (3) not duplicate the activities of private United States broadcasters; (4) not duplicate the activities of govern- ment supported broadcasting entities of other democratic nations; (5) be conducted in accordance with the highest professional standards of broadcast journalism; (6) be based on reliable information about its potential audience; (7) be designed so as to effectively reach a significant audience; and (8) promote respect for human rights, includ- ing freedom of religion. (b) Broadcasting principles United States international broadcasting shall include— (1) news which is consistently reliable and authoritative, accurate, objective, and com- prehensive; (2) a balanced and comprehensive projection of United States thought and institutions, re- flecting the diversity of United States culture and society; (3) clear and effective presentation of the policies of the United States Government and responsible discussion and opinion on those policies, including editorials, broadcast by the Voice of America, which present the views of the United States Government; (4) the capability to provide a surge capacity to support United States foreign policy objec- tives during crises abroad; (5) programming to meet needs which re- main unserved by the totality of media voices available to the people of certain nations; (6) information about developments in each significant region of the world; (7) a variety of opinions and voices from within particular nations and regions pre- vented by censorship or repression from speak- ing to their fellow countrymen; (8) reliable research capacity to meet the criteria under this section; (9) adequate transmitter and relay capacity to support the activities described in this sec- tion; and (10) training and technical support for inde- pendent indigenous media through govern- ment agencies or private United States enti- ties. (c) Voice of America broadcasts The long-range interests of the United States are served by communicating directly with the peoples of the world by radio. To be effective, the Voice of America must win the attention and respect of listeners. These principles will therefore govern Voice of America (VOA) broad- casts: (1) VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehen- sive. (2) VOA will represent America, not any sin- gle segment of American society, and will therefore present a balanced and comprehen- sive projection of significant American thought and institutions. (3) VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and opin- ion on these policies. (Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 303, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 103–415, § 1(p), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4301; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1323(d), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–778; Pub. L. 105–292, title V, § 502, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2811; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1299Q(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4021.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1299Q(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4021, which directed amendment of this section and was not executed, was itself amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title XIII, § 1301, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2158, to make it effective 90 days after Jan. 1, 2021. However, the amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 could not be executed because it was enacted before the provision from Pub. L. 116–283 that it amended. AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(1), which directed insertion of ‘‘, including editorial independ- ence’’ in subsec. (a) ‘‘before the semicolon at the end’’, was not executed because subsec. (a) contains 6 pars. that have a semicolon at the end and the probable in- tent of Congress could not be determined. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(2), which di- rected amendment of subsec. (b) by inserting ‘‘, including editorial independence,’’ after ‘‘pro- graming’’, was not executed because the word ‘‘pro- graming’’ did not appear and the word ‘‘programming’’ at the beginning of par. (5) could not be clearly identi- fied as the intended target. 1998—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–292 added par. (8). Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(1), which di- rected amendment of par. (3) by inserting ‘‘, including