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34 U.S.C. § 20145 — Elimination of barriers

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 20145 — Elimination of barriers

Page 466 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 20145 claims that if aggregated would exceed $35,000,000, the Special Master shall, for purposes of this section, re- duce such claims on a pro rata basis such that in the aggregate such claims do not exceed $35,000,000. ‘‘(III) In the event that a United States person, or the immediate family member of such person, has an eligible claim under this section and has received an award or an award determination under section 405 of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabiliza- tion Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the amount of com- pensation to which such person, or the immediate family member of such person, was determined to be entitled under section 405 of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) shall be considered controlling for the purposes of this section, notwithstanding any compensatory damages amounts such person, or immediate family member of such person, is deemed eligible for or enti- tled to pursuant to a final judgment described in sub- section (c)(2)(A).’’ Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(C)(ii), des- ignated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, substituted ‘‘Except as provided in subpara- graph (B), on’’ for ‘‘On’’, and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (e)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(D)(i), substituted ‘‘Seventy-five percent’’ for ‘‘One-half’’ and ‘‘seventy-five percent’’ for ‘‘one-half’’. Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(D)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘2030’’ for ‘‘2026’’ in subpars. (A) and (B). Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(E), inserted ‘‘representing a non-9/11 related victim of state spon- sored terrorism’’ after ‘‘No attorney’’ and ‘‘After No- vember 21, 2019, no attorney represent

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Page 466 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 20145 claims that if aggregated would exceed $35,000,000, the Special Master shall, for purposes of this section, re- duce such claims on a pro rata basis such that in the aggregate such claims do not exceed $35,000,000. ‘‘(III) In the event that a United States person, or the immediate family member of such person, has an eligible claim under this section and has received an award or an award determination under section 405 of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabiliza- tion Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the amount of com- pensation to which such person, or the immediate family member of such person, was determined to be entitled under section 405 of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) shall be considered controlling for the purposes of this section, notwithstanding any compensatory damages amounts such person, or immediate family member of such person, is deemed eligible for or enti- tled to pursuant to a final judgment described in sub- section (c)(2)(A).’’ Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(C)(ii), des- ignated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, substituted ‘‘Except as provided in subpara- graph (B), on’’ for ‘‘On’’, and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (e)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(D)(i), substituted ‘‘Seventy-five percent’’ for ‘‘One-half’’ and ‘‘seventy-five percent’’ for ‘‘one-half’’. Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(D)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘2030’’ for ‘‘2026’’ in subpars. (A) and (B). Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(E), inserted ‘‘representing a non-9/11 related victim of state spon- sored terrorism’’ after ‘‘No attorney’’ and ‘‘After No- vember 21, 2019, no attorney representing a 9/11 related victim of state sponsored terrorism shall charge, re- ceive, or collect, and the Special Master shall not ap- prove, any payment of fees and costs that in the aggre- gate exceeds 15 percent of any payment made under this section after November 21, 2019.’’ after ‘‘section.’’ Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(F)(i), struck out ‘‘(including payments from the September 11th Vic- tim Compensation Fund (49 U.S.C. 40101 note))’’ after ‘‘local governments’’. Subsec. (j)(9) to (14). Pub. L. 116–69, § 1701(b)(1)(F)(ii), added pars. (9) to (14). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–69, div. B, title VII, § 1701(d), Nov. 21, 2019, 133 Stat. 1143, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 2019].’’ CONSTRUCTION OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–69, div. B, title VII, § 1701(c), Nov. 21, 2019, 133 Stat. 1143, provided that: ‘‘A determination by the Special Master before the date of enactment of the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund Clarification Act [Nov. 21, 2019] that an award or award determination under section 405 of the Air Transportation Safety and Stabilization Act [Pub. L. 107–42] (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) was controlling for pur- poses of the Fund (pursuant to subsection (d)(3)(A)(ii)(III) of the Justice for United States Vic- tims of State Sponsored Terrorism Act (34 U.S.C. 20144(d)(3)(A)(ii)(III)), as such section was in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 2019]) shall not prejudice a claim of a 9/11 victim, 9/ 11 spouse, or 9/11 dependent.’’ § 20145. Elimination of barriers (a) Minors A Federal agency may not require a survivor of human trafficking who is less than 18 years of age or a homeless youth to obtain the consent or signature of the parent or guardian of the sur- vivor or homeless youth to receive a copy of a Government-issued identity card issued to the survivor or homeless youth. (b) Fees A Federal agency may not charge a survivor of human trafficking or a homeless youth a fee to obtain a copy of a Government-issued identity card issued to the survivor or homeless youth. (Pub. L. 117–347, title IV, § 402, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6208.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries DEFINITIONS Pub. L. 117–347, § 3, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6199, provided that: ‘‘In this Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 117–347, set out as a Short Title of 2023 Amendment note under sec- tion 10101 of this title]: ‘‘(1) COMPUTER.—The term ‘computer’ includes a computer network and any interactive electronic de- vice. ‘‘(2) CYBERCRIME AGAINST INDIVIDUALS.—The term ‘cybercrime against individuals’ has the meaning given that term in section 1401(a) [of the] Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2022 (34 U.S.C. 30107(a)). ‘‘(3) HOMELESS YOUTH.—The term ‘homeless youth’ has the meaning given the term ‘homeless children and youths’ in section 725 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11434a).’’ CHAPTER 203—VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE SUBCHAPTER I—IMPROVING INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF CHILD ABUSE CASES Sec. 20301. Findings. 20302. Definitions. 20303. Regional children’s advocacy centers. 20304. Local children’s advocacy centers. 20305. Grants for specialized technical assistance and training programs. 20306. Authorization of appropriations. 20307. Accountability. SUBCHAPTER II—COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATE PROGRAM 20321. Findings. 20322. Purpose. 20323. Strengthening of court-appointed special ad- vocate program. 20324. Authorization of appropriations. SUBCHAPTER III—CHILD ABUSE TRAINING PRO- GRAMS FOR JUDICIAL PERSONNEL AND PRAC- TITIONERS 20331. Findings and purpose. 20332. Grants for juvenile and family court per- sonnel. 20333. Specialized technical assistance and training programs. 20334. Authorization of appropriations. SUBCHAPTER IV—REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 20341. Child abuse reporting. 20342. Federal immunity. SUBCHAPTER V—CHILD CARE WORKER EMPLOYEE BACKGROUND CHECKS 20351. Requirement for background checks. SUBCHAPTER I—IMPROVING INVESTIGA- TION AND PROSECUTION OF CHILD ABUSE CASES § 20301. Findings The Congress finds that—

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 20144 — Justice for United States victims of state sponsored terrorism

**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Justice for United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Act”. **(b) Administration of the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund** (1) **Administration of the Fund** (A) *Appointment and terms of Special Master* (i) *Initial appointment* — Not later than 60 days after December 18, 2015, the Attorney General shall appoint a Special Master. The initial term for the Special Master shall be 18 months. (ii) *Additional terms* — Thereafter, each time there exists funds in excess of $100,000,000 in the Fund, the Attorney General shall appoint or reappoint a Special Master for such period as is appropriate, not to exceed 1 year. In addition, if there exists in the Fund funds that are less than $100,000,000, the Attorney General may appoint or reappoint a Special Master each time the Attorney General determines there are sufficient funds available in the Fund to compensate eligible claimants, for such period as is appropriate, not to exceed 1 year. (iii) *Special Master to administer compensation from the Fund* — The Special Master shall administer the compensation program described in this section for United States persons who are victims of state sponsored terrorism. (B) *Administrative costs and use of Department of Justice personnel* — The Special Master may utilize, as necessary, no more than 5 full-time equivalent Department of Justice personnel to assist in carrying out the duties of the Special Master under this section, except that, during the 1-year period beginning on November 21, 2019, the Special Master may utilize an additional 5 full-time equivalent Department of Justice personnel and during the 1-year period beginning on December 29, 2022, the Special Master may u

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 20144 — Justice for United States victims of state

Page 456 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 20143 1 So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted. cifically designated by the court, shall be per- mitted to view the closed circuit televising of the proceedings. (2) Exception The court shall not designate a person under paragraph (1) if the presiding judge at the trial determines that testimony by that person would be materially affected if that person heard other testimony at the trial. (c) Restrictions (1) The signal transmitted pursuant to sub- section (a) shall be under the control of the court at all times and shall only be transmitted subject to the terms and conditions imposed by the court. (2) No public broadcast or dissemination shall be made of the signal transmitted pursuant to subsection (a). In the event any tapes are pro- duced in carrying out subsection (a), such tapes shall be the property of the court and kept under seal. (3) Any violations of this subsection, or any rule or order made pursuant to this section, shall be punishable as contempt of court as de- scribed in section 402 of title 18. (d) Donations The Administrative Office of the United States Courts may accept donations to enable the courts to carry out subsection (a). (e) Construction (1) 1 Nothing in this section shall be con- strued— (i) to create in favor of any person a cause of action against the United States or any officer or employees thereof, or (ii) to provide any person with a defense in any action in which application of this section is made. (f) ‘‘State’’ defined As used in this section, the term ‘‘State’’ means any State, the District of Columbia, or any possession or territory of the United States. (g) Rules The Judicial Conference of the United States, pursuant to its rule maki

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 20145 — Elimination of barriers

**(a) Minors** A Federal agency may not require a survivor of human trafficking who is less than 18 years of age or a homeless youth to obtain the consent or signature of the parent or guardian of the survivor or homeless youth to receive a copy of a Government-issued identity card issued to the survivor or homeless youth. **(b) Fees** A Federal agency may not charge a survivor of human trafficking or a homeless youth a fee to obtain a copy of a Government-issued identity card issued to the survivor or homeless youth.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 30107 — Local law enforcement grants for enforcement of cybercrimes

**(a) Definitions** In this section: (1) **Computer** — The term “computer” includes a computer network and an interactive electronic device. (2) **Cybercrime against individuals** — The term “cybercrime against individuals”— (A) means a criminal offense applicable in the area under the jurisdiction of the relevant State, Indian Tribe, or unit of local government that involves the use of a computer to harass, threaten, stalk, extort, coerce, cause fear to, or intimidate an individual, or without consent distribute intimate images of an adult, except that use of a computer need not be an element of such an offense; and (B) does not include the use of a computer to cause harm to a commercial entity, government agency, or non-natural person. (3) **Indian tribe; State; Tribal government; unit of local government** — The terms “Indian Tribe”, “State”, “Tribal government”, and “unit of local government” have the meanings given such terms in [section 12291(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12291/a&num=0&edition=prelim), as amended by this Act. **(b) Authorization of grant program** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Attorney General shall award grants under this section to States, Indian Tribes, and units of local government for the prevention, enforcement, and prosecution of cybercrimes against individuals. **(c) Application** (1) **In general** — To request a grant under this section, the chief executive officer of a State, Tribal government, or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General not later than 90 days after the date on which funds to carry out this section are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. (2)

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 30107 — Local law enforcement grants for en-

Page 558 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 30107 § 30107. Local law enforcement grants for en- forcement of cybercrimes (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Computer The term ‘‘computer’’ includes a computer network and an interactive electronic device. (2) Cybercrime against individuals The term ‘‘cybercrime against individ- uals’’— (A) means a criminal offense applicable in the area under the jurisdiction of the rel- evant State, Indian Tribe, or unit of local government that involves the use of a com- puter to harass, threaten, stalk, extort, co- erce, cause fear to, or intimidate an indi- vidual, or without consent distribute inti- mate images of an adult, except that use of a computer need not be an element of such an offense; and (B) does not include the use of a computer to cause harm to a commercial entity, gov- ernment agency, or non-natural person. (3) Indian tribe; State; Tribal government; unit of local government The terms ‘‘Indian Tribe’’, ‘‘State’’, ‘‘Tribal government’’, and ‘‘unit of local government’’ have the meanings given such terms in section 12291(a) of this title, as amended by this Act. (b) Authorization of grant program Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Attorney General shall award grants under this section to States, Indian Tribes, and units of local government for the prevention, enforce- ment, and prosecution of cybercrimes against individuals. (c) Application (1) In general To request a grant under this section, the chief executive officer of a State, Tribal gov- ernment, or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General not later than 90 days after the date on which funds to carry out this section are appro- priated for a fiscal year, in such form

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 11434a — Definitions

For purposes of this part: (1) The terms “enroll” and “enrollment” include attending classes and participating fully in school activities. (2) The term “homeless children and youths”— (A) means individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence (within the meaning of [section 11302(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11302/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim)); and (B) includes— (i) children and youths who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason; are living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or camping grounds due to the lack of alternative adequate accommodations; are living in emergency or transitional shelters; or are abandoned in hospitals; (ii) children and youths who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings (within the meaning of section 11302(a)(2)(C) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title); (iii) children and youths who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings; and (iv) migratory children (as such term is defined in [section 6399 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6399&num=0&edition=prelim)) who qualify as homeless for the purposes of this part because the children are living in circumstances described in clauses (i) through (iii). (3) The terms “local educational agency” and “State educational agency” have the meanings given such terms in [section 7801 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-sec

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 11434a — Definitions

Page 8198 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 11434a 1 See References in Text note below. (i) Report Not later than 4 years after December 10, 2015, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the President and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report on the status of education of homeless children and youths, which shall include information on— (1) the education of homeless children and youths; and (2) the actions of the Secretary and the ef- fectiveness of the programs supported under this part. (Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, § 724, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2004; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9104, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2136.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT That Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is Pub. L. 114–95, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1802, known as The Every Student Succeeds Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amend- ment note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 11434, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, § 724, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3964, related to Secretarial responsibilities, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110. Another prior section 11434, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, § 724, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, § 612(d), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4742, related to national responsibilities, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382. AMENDMENTS 2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9104(1), added sub- sec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amend

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 40101 — Policy

**(a) Economic Regulation.—** In carrying out subpart II of this part and those provisions of subpart IV applicable in carrying out subpart II, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the following matters, among others, as being in the public interest and consistent with public convenience and necessity: (1) assigning and maintaining safety as the highest priority in air commerce. (2) before authorizing new air transportation services, evaluating the safety implications of those services. (3) preventing deterioration in established safety procedures, recognizing the clear intent, encouragement, and dedication of Congress to further the highest degree of safety in air transportation and air commerce, and to maintain the safety vigilance that has evolved in air transportation and air commerce and has come to be expected by the traveling and shipping public. (4) the availability of a variety of adequate, economic, efficient, and low-priced services without unreasonable discrimination or unfair or deceptive practices. (5) coordinating transportation by, and improving relations among, air carriers, and encouraging fair wages and working conditions. (6) placing maximum reliance on competitive market forces and on actual and potential competition— (A) to provide the needed air transportation system; and (B) to encourage efficient and well-managed air carriers to earn adequate profits and attract capital, considering any material differences between interstate air transportation and foreign air transportation. (7) developing and maintaining a sound regulatory system that is responsive to the needs of the public and in which decisions are reached promptly to make it easier to adapt the air transportation system to the present and future needs of— (A) the

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

49 U.S.C. § 40101 — Policy

Page 997 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 40101 Sec. 40104. Promotion of civil aeronautics and safety of air commerce. 40105. International negotiations, agreements, and obligations. 40106. Emergency powers. 40107. Presidential transfers. 40108. Training schools. 40109. Authority to exempt. 40110. General procurement authority. 40111. Multiyear procurement contracts for services and related items. 40112. Multiyear procurement contracts for prop- erty. 40113. Administrative. 40114. Reports and records. 40115. Withholding information. 40116. State taxation. 40117. Passenger facility charges. 40118. Government-financed air transportation. 40119. Sensitive security information. 40120. Relationship to other laws. 40121. Air traffic control modernization reviews. 40122. Federal Aviation Administration personnel management system. 40123. Protection of voluntarily submitted informa- tion. 40124. Interstate agreements for airport facilities. 40125. Qualifications for public aircraft status. 40126. Severable services contracts for periods cross- ing fiscal years. 40127. Prohibitions on discrimination. 40128. Overflights of national parks. 40129. Collaborative decisionmaking pilot program. 40130. FAA authority to conduct criminal history record checks. 40131. National airspace system cyber threat man- agement process. 40132. National strategic plan for aviation work- force development. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2024—Pub. L. 118–63, title II, § 223(c), title III, § 393(b), title IV, § 441(b), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1061, 1145, 1186, added items 40119, 40131, and 40132. 2018—Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1991(c)(4), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3627, substituted ‘‘[Reserved]’’ for ‘‘Secu- rity and research and developm

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