2 U.S.C. § 623 — Continuing study of additional budget re-

Page 176 TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS § 623 provisions set out as notes under sections 190a–1, 621, 632, and 682 of this title, section 105 of Title 1, and sec- tion 1020 of former Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1302 of Title 31 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, § 1, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877. AMENDMENTS 2011—Par. (11). Pub. L. 112–25 added par. (11). 1997—Par. (9). Pub. L. 105–33 amended par. (9) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘entitlement authority’ means spending au- thority described by section 651(c)(2)(C) of this title.’’ 1990—Par. (2). Pub. L. 101–508, § 13211(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as fol- lows: ‘‘The term ‘budget authority’ means authority provided by law to enter into obligations which will re- sult in immediate or future outlays involving Govern- ment funds or to collect offsetting receipts., except that such term does not include authority to insure or guarantee the repayment of indebtedness incurred by another person or government. The term includes the cost for direct loan and loan guarantee programs, as those terms are defined by subchapter III of this chap- ter’’. Pub. L. 101–508, § 13201(b)(1), inserted at end: ‘‘The term includes the cost for direct loan and loan guar- antee programs, as those terms are defined by sub- chapter III of this chapter’’. Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 101–508, § 13112(a)(2), added pars. (6) to (8) and struck out former par. (6) which de- fined ‘‘deficit’’ and contained provisions relating to cal- culation of the deficit, former par. (7) which defined ‘‘maximum deficit amount’’, and former par. (8) which defined ‘‘off-budget Federal entity’’. 1987—Par. (7)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, § 8003(c)(1), (2), redes- ignated subpar. (D) as (C). Former subpar. (C), which provided for maximum deficit amount of $108,000,000,000 for fiscal year beginning Oct. 1, 1987, was struck out. Par. (7)(D) to (I). Pub. L. 100–203, § 8003(c)(2)–(7), redes- ignated subpars. (E) to (I) as (D) to (H), respectively. Former subpar. (D) redesignated (C). Pub. L. 100–119 inserted subpars. (D) to (I) and struck out former subpars. (D) to (F) which read as follows: ‘‘(D) with respect to the fiscal year beginning Octo- ber 1, 1988, $72,000,000,000; ‘‘(E) with respect to the fiscal year beginning Octo- ber 1, 1989, $36,000,000,000; and ‘‘(F) with respect to the fiscal year beginning Octo- ber 1, 1990, zero.’’ 1986—Par. (6). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1986’’ for ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1954’’, which for purposes of codification was translated as ‘‘title 26’’ thus requiring no change in text. 1985—Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–177, § 201(a)(2), inserted ref- erence to the collection of offsetting receipts, effective Apr. 15, 1986. Par. (4). Pub. L. 99–177, § 232(b), struck out subpar. (B) relating to concurrent resolutions as provided in sec- tion 641 of this title, and redesignated subpar. (C) as (B). Pars. (6) to (10). Pub. L. 99–177, § 201(a)(1), added pars. (6) to (10). 1977—Pub. L. 95–110 struck out designation ‘‘(a)’’ be- fore ‘‘For the purpose of this chapter’’ and struck out subsec. (b) which provided that Members of the respec- tive Houses of Congress who were members of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy were to be treated as standing committees of their respective Houses of Con- gress. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME References to the food stamp program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 considered to refer to the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under that Act, see section 4002(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 2012 of Title 7, Agriculture. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, § 13211(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–620, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective for fiscal year 1992 and subsequent fiscal years.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by sections 201(a)(1) and 232(b) of Pub. L. 99–177 effective Dec. 12, 1985, and applicable with re- spect to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1985, and amendment by section 201(a)(2) of Pub. L. 99–177 effec- tive Apr. 15, 1986, see section 275(a)(1), (2)(A) of Pub. L. 99–177, as amended, formerly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates note under section 900 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–25, title I, § 104(a), Aug. 2, 2011, 125 Stat. 246. § 623. Continuing study of additional budget re- form proposals (a) The Committees on the Budget of the House of Representatives and the Senate shall study on a continuing basis proposals designed to improve and facilitate methods of congres- sional budgetmaking. The proposals to be stud- ied shall include, but are not limited to, pro- posals for— (1) improving the information base required for determining the effectiveness of new pro- grams by such means as pilot testing, survey research, and other experimental and analyt- ical techniques; (2) improving analytical and systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of existing pro- grams; (3) establishing maximum and minimum time limitations for program authorization; and (4) developing techniques of human resource accounting and other means of providing non- economic as well as economic evaluation measures. (b) The Committee on the Budget of each House shall, from time to time, report to its House the results of the study carried on by it under subsection (a), together with its rec- ommendations. (c) Nothing in this section shall preclude stud- ies to improve the budgetary process by any other committee of the House of Representa- tives or the Senate or any joint committee of the Congress. (Pub. L. 93–344, title VII, § 703, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 326.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1303 of Title 31 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, § 1, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877. SUBCHAPTER I—CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS § 631. Timetable The timetable with respect to the congres- sional budget process for any fiscal year is as follows: