18 U.S.C. § 477 — Possessing or selling impressions of tools

Page 120 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 477 tended to be used in printing, stamping, or im- pressing any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 266 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 152, 35 Stat. 1117). Enumeration of substances on which impressions could be made and enumeration of various kinds of tools to be used were omitted as unnecessary. Reference to circulating note or evidence of debt was omitted in view of definition of obligations and securi- ties in section 8 of this title. Changes in phraseology were also made. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted ‘‘analog, digital, or elec- tronic image,’’ after ‘‘impression, stamp,’’ and sub- stituted ‘‘25 years’’ for ‘‘ten years’’. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $5,000’’. § 477. Possessing or selling impressions of tools used for obligations or securities Whoever, with intent to defraud, possesses, keeps, safeguards, or controls, without author- ity from the United States, any imprint, stamp, analog, digital, or electronic image, or impres- sion, taken or made upon any substance or ma- terial whatsoever, of any tool, implement, in- strument or thing, used, fitted or intended to be used, for any of the purposes mentioned in sec- tion 476 of this title; or Whoever, with intent to defraud, sells, gives, or delivers any such imprint, stamp, analog, dig- ital, or electronic image, or impression to any other person— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 374(g), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 267 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 153, 35 Stat. 1117). Changes in phraseology were made. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted ‘‘analog, digital, or elec- tronic image,’’ after ‘‘imprint, stamp,’’ in first and sec- ond pars. and substituted ‘‘25 years’’ for ‘‘ten years’’ in third par. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $5,000’’. § 478. Foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States, with in- tent to defraud, falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any bond, certificate, obligation, or other security of any foreign government, pur- porting to be or in imitation of any such secu- rity issued under the authority of such foreign government, or any treasury note, bill, or prom- ise to pay, lawfully issued by such foreign gov- ernment and intended to circulate as money, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 270 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 156, 35 Stat. 1117). Reference to persons causing, procuring, aiding or as- sisting was omitted as unnecessary as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were also made in phraseology. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted ‘‘20 years’’ for ‘‘five years’’. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $5,000’’. § 479. Uttering counterfeit foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States, knowingly and with intent to defraud, utters, passes, or puts off, in payment or negotiation, any false, forged, or counterfeited bond, certificate, obli- gation, security, treasury note, bill, or promise to pay, mentioned in section 478 of this title, whether or not the same was made, altered, forged, or counterfeited within the United States, shall be fined under this title or impris- oned not more than 20 years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(J), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 375(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 341.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 271 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 157, 35 Stat. 1118). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. Changes were made in phraseology. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–56 substituted ‘‘20 years’’ for ‘‘three years’’. 1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $3,000’’. § 480. Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities Whoever, within the United States, knowingly and with intent to defraud, possesses or delivers any false, forged, or counterfeit bond, certifi- cate, obligation, security, treasury note, bill, promise to pay, bank note, or bill issued by a bank or corporation of any foreign country, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994,