38 U.S.C. § 101 — Definitions

Page 12 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 1986—Pub. L. 99–576, title VI, § 601(a)(2), title VII, § 701(1)(B), Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3289, 3290, struck out ‘‘; husbands’’ after ‘‘parents’’ in item 102 and added item 113. 1972—Pub. L. 92–540, title IV, § 409, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1092, substituted ‘‘Dependent parents; husbands’’ for ‘‘Dependent parents and dependent husbands’’ in item 102. 1965—Pub. L. 89–88, § 1(b), July 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 264, added item 112. 1964—Pub. L. 88–445, § 1(c), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 464, substituted ‘‘Preservation of disability ratings’’ for ‘‘Preservation of total disability ratings’’ in item 110. § 101. Definitions For the purposes of this title— (1) The terms ‘‘Secretary’’ and ‘‘Department’’ mean the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Veterans Affairs, respectively. (2) The term ‘‘veteran’’ means a person who served in the active military, naval, air, or space service, and who was discharged or re- leased therefrom under conditions other than dishonorable. (3) The term ‘‘surviving spouse’’ means (except for purposes of chapter 19 of this title) a person who was the spouse of a veteran at the time of the veteran’s death, and who lived with the vet- eran continuously from the date of marriage to the date of the veteran’s death (except where there was a separation which was due to the misconduct of, or procured by, the veteran with- out the fault of the spouse) and who has not re- married. (4)(A) The term ‘‘child’’ means (except for pur- poses of chapter 19 of this title (other than with respect to a child who is an insurable dependent under subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 1965(10) of such chapter) and section 8502(b) of this title) a person who is unmarried and— (i) who is under the age of eighteen years; (ii) who, before attaining the age of eighteen years, became permanently incapable of self- support; or (iii) who, after attaining the age of eighteen years and until completion of education or training (but not after attaining the age of twenty-three years), is pursuing a course of in- struction at an approved educational institu- tion; and who is a legitimate child, a legally adopted child, a stepchild who is a member of a veteran’s household or was a member at the time of the veteran’s death, or an illegitimate child but, as to the alleged father, only if acknowledged in writing signed by him, or if he has been judi- cially ordered to contribute to the child’s sup- port or has been, before his death, judicially de- creed to be the father of such child, or if he is otherwise shown by evidence satisfactory to the Secretary to be the father of such child. A per- son shall be deemed, as of the date of death of a veteran, to be the legally adopted child of such veteran if such person was at the time of the veteran’s death living in the veteran’s household and was legally adopted by the veteran’s sur- viving spouse before August 26, 1961, or within two years after the veteran’s death; however, this sentence shall not apply if at the time of the veteran’s death, such person was receiving regular contributions toward the person’s sup- port from some individual other than the vet- eran or the veteran’s spouse, or from any public or private welfare organization which furnishes services or assistance for children. A person with respect to whom an interlocutory decree of adoption has been issued by an appropriate adoption authority shall be recognized there- after as a legally adopted child, unless and until that decree is rescinded, if the child remains in the custody of the adopting parent or parents during the interlocutory period. A person who has been placed for adoption under an agree- ment entered into by the adopting parent or par- ents with any agency authorized under law to so act shall be recognized thereafter as a legally adopted child, unless and until such agreement is terminated, if the child remains in the cus- tody of the adopting parent or parents during the period of placement for adoption under such agreement. A person described in clause (ii) of the first sentence of this subparagraph who was a member of a veteran’s household at the time the person became 18 years of age and who is adopted by the veteran shall be recognized as a legally adopted child of the veteran regardless of the age of such person at the time of adoption. (B) For the purposes of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, in the case of an adoption under the laws of any jurisdiction other than a State (as defined in section 101(20) of this title and in- cluding the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands)— (i) a person residing outside any of the States shall not be considered to be a legally adopted child of a veteran during the lifetime of such veteran (including for purposes of this subparagraph a Commonwealth Army veteran or new Philippine Scout, as defined in section 3566 of this title) unless such person— (I) was less than eighteen years of age at the time of adoption; (II) is receiving one-half or more of such person’s annual support from such veteran; (III) is not in the custody of such person’s natural parent, unless such natural parent is such veteran’s spouse; and (IV) is residing with such veteran (or in the case of divorce following adoption, with the divorced spouse who is also an adoptive or natural parent) except for periods during which such person is residing apart from such veteran (or such divorced spouse) for purposes of full-time attendance at an edu- cational institution or during which such person or such veteran (or such divorced spouse) is confined in a hospital, nursing home, other health-care facility, or other in- stitution; and (ii) a person shall not be considered to have been a legally adopted child of a veteran as of the date of such veteran’s death and thereafter unless— (I) at any time within the one-year period immediately preceding such veteran’s death, such veteran was entitled to and was receiv- ing a dependent’s allowance or similar mon- etary benefit under this title for such per- son; or (II) for a period of at least one year prior to such veteran’s death, such person met the requirements of clause (i) of this subpara- graph. Page 13 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 1 See Change of Name note below. (5) The term ‘‘parent’’ means (except for pur- poses of chapter 19 of this title) a father, a mother, a father through adoption, a mother through adoption, or an individual who for a pe- riod of not less than one year stood in the rela- tionship of a parent to a veteran at any time be- fore the veteran’s entry into active military, naval, air, or space service or if two persons stood in the relationship of a father or a mother for one year or more, the person who last stood in the relationship of father or mother before the veteran’s last entry into active military, naval, air, or space service. (6) The term ‘‘Spanish-American War’’ (A) means the period beginning on April 21, 1898, and ending on July 4, 1902, (B) includes the Phil- ippine Insurrection and the Boxer Rebellion, and (C) in the case of a veteran who served with the United States military forces engaged in hos- tilities in the Moro Province, means the period beginning on April 21, 1898, and ending on July 15, 1903. (7) The term ‘‘World War I’’ (A) means the pe- riod beginning on April 6, 1917, and ending on November 11, 1918, and (B) in the case of a vet- eran who served with the United States military forces in Russia, means the period beginning on April 6, 1917, and ending on April 1, 1920. (8) The term ‘‘World War II’’ means (except for purposes of chapters 31 and 37 of this title) the period beginning on December 7, 1941, and end- ing on December 31, 1946. (9) The term ‘‘Korean conflict’’ means the pe- riod beginning on June 27, 1950, and ending on January 31, 1955. (10) The term ‘‘Armed Forces’’ means the United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard, including the reserve components thereof. (11) The term ‘‘period of war’’ means the Span- ish-American War, the Mexican border period, World War I, World War II, the Korean conflict, the Vietnam era, the Persian Gulf War, and the period beginning on the date of any future dec- laration of war by the Congress and ending on the date prescribed by Presidential proclama- tion or concurrent resolution of the Congress. (12) The term ‘‘veteran of any war’’ means any veteran who served in the active military, naval, air, or space service during a period of war. (13) The term ‘‘compensation’’ means a month- ly payment made by the Secretary to a veteran because of service-connected disability, or to a surviving spouse, child, or parent of a veteran because of the service-connected death of the veteran occurring before January 1, 1957. (14) The term ‘‘dependency and indemnity compensation’’ means a monthly payment made by the Secretary to a surviving spouse, child, or parent (A) because of a service-connected death occurring after December 31, 1956, or (B) pursu- ant to the election of a surviving spouse, child, or parent, in the case of such a death occurring before January 1, 1957. (15) The term ‘‘pension’’ means a monthly or other periodic payment made by the Secretary to a veteran because of service, age, or non-serv- ice-connected disability, or to a surviving spouse or child of a veteran because of the non- service-connected death of the veteran. (16) The term ‘‘service-connected’’ means, with respect to disability or death, that such dis- ability was incurred or aggravated, or that the death resulted from a disability incurred or ag- gravated, in line of duty in the active military, naval, air, or space service. (17) The term ‘‘non-service-connected’’ means, with respect to disability or death, that such disability was not incurred or aggravated, or that the death did not result from a disability incurred or aggravated, in line of duty in the ac- tive military, naval, air, or space service. (18) The term ‘‘discharge or release’’ includes (A) retirement from the active military, naval, air, or space service, and (B) the satisfactory completion of the period of active military, naval, air, or space service for which a person was obligated at the time of entry into such service in the case of a person who, due to en- listment or reenlistment, was not awarded a dis- charge or release from such period of service at the time of such completion thereof and who, at such time, would otherwise have been eligible for the award of a discharge or release under conditions other than dishonorable. (19) The term ‘‘State home’’ means a home es- tablished by a State (other than a possession) or Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) for veterans disabled by age, disease, or otherwise who by reason of such dis- ability are incapable of earning a living. Such term also includes such a home which furnishes nursing home care for veterans. (20) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the sev- eral States, Territories, and possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. For the purpose of section 2303 and chapters 34 and 35 of this title, such term also includes the Canal Zone. (21) The term ‘‘active duty’’ means— (A) full-time duty in the Armed Forces, other than active duty for training; (B) full-time duty (other than for training purposes) as a commissioned officer of the Regular or Reserve Corps 1 of the Public Health Service (i) on or after July 29, 1945, or (ii) before that date under circumstances af- fording entitlement to ‘‘full military benefits’’ or (iii) at any time, for the purposes of chapter 13 of this title; (C) full-time duty as a commissioned officer in the commissioned officer corps of the Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion or its predecessor organization the Coast and Geodetic Survey (i) on or after July 29, 1945, or (ii) before that date (I) while on trans- fer to one of the Armed Forces, or (II) while, in time of war or national emergency declared by the President, assigned to duty on a project for one of the Armed Forces in an area deter- mined by the Secretary of Defense to be of im- mediate military hazard, or (III) in the Phil- ippine Islands on December 7, 1941, and con- tinuously in such islands thereafter, or (iii) at any time, for the purposes of chapter 13 of this title; (D) service as a cadet at the United States Military, Air Force, or Coast Guard Academy, Page 14 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy; and (E) authorized travel to or from such duty or service. (22) The term ‘‘active duty for training’’ means— (A) full-time duty in the Armed Forces per- formed by Reserves for training purposes; (B) full-time duty for training purposes per- formed as a commissioned officer of the Re- serve Corps 1 of the Public Health Service (i) on or after July 29, 1945, or (ii) before that date under circumstances affording entitlement to ‘‘full military benefits’’, or (iii) at any time, for the purposes of chapter 13 of this title; (C) in the case of members of the Army Na- tional Guard or Air National Guard of any State, full-time duty under section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32, or the prior cor- responding provisions of law; (D) duty performed by a member of a Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps program when ordered to such duty for the purpose of training or a practice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10 for a period of not less than four weeks and which must be completed by the member before the member is commissioned; and (E) authorized travel to or from such duty. The term does not include duty performed as a temporary member of the Coast Guard Reserve. (23) The term ‘‘inactive duty training’’ means— (A) duty (other than full-time duty) pre- scribed for Reserves (including commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps 1 of the Public Health Service), or for members of the Space Force in a space force active status (as defined in section 101(e)(1) of title 10), by the Sec- retary concerned under section 206 of title 37 or any other provision of law; (B) special additional duties authorized for Reserves (including commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps 1 of the Public Health Serv- ice), or for members of the Space Force in a space force active status (as defined in section 101(e)(1) of title 10), by an authority des- ignated by the Secretary concerned and per- formed by them on a voluntary basis in con- nection with the prescribed training or main- tenance activities of the units to which they are assigned; and (C) training (other than active duty for training) by a member of, or applicant for membership (as defined in section 8140(g) of title 5) in, the Senior Reserve Officers’ Train- ing Corps prescribed under chapter 103 of title 10. In the case of a member of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard of any State, such term means duty (other than full-time duty) under sections 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32, or the prior corresponding provisions of law. Such term does not include (i) work or study performed in connection with correspondence courses, (ii) attendance at an educational insti- tution in an inactive status, or (iii) duty per- formed as a temporary member of the Coast Guard Reserve. (24) The term ‘‘active military, naval, air, or space service’’ includes— (A) active duty; (B) any period of active duty for training during which the individual concerned was dis- abled or died from a disease or injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty; and (C) any period of inactive duty training dur- ing which the individual concerned was dis- abled or died— (i) from an injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty; or (ii) from an acute myocardial infarction, a cardiac arrest, or a cerebrovascular accident occurring during such training. (25) The term ‘‘Secretary concerned’’ means— (A) the Secretary of the Army, with respect to matters concerning the Army; (B) the Secretary of the Navy, with respect to matters concerning the Navy or the Marine Corps; (C) the Secretary of the Air Force, with re- spect to matters concerning the Air Force or the Space Force; (D) the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to matters concerning the Coast Guard; (E) the Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to matters concerning the Public Health Service; and (F) the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to matters concerning the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or its prede- cessor organization the Coast and Geodetic Survey. (26) The term ‘‘Reserve’’ means a member of a reserve component of one of the Armed Forces. (27) The term ‘‘reserve component’’ means, with respect to the Armed Forces— (A) the Army Reserve; (B) the Navy Reserve; (C) the Marine Corps Reserve; (D) the Air Force Reserve; (E) the Coast Guard Reserve; (F) the Army National Guard of the United States; and (G) the Air National Guard of the United States. (28) The term ‘‘nursing home care’’ means the accommodation of convalescents or other per- sons who are not acutely ill and not in need of hospital care, but who require nursing care and related medical services, if such nursing care and medical services are prescribed by, or are performed under the general direction of, per- sons duly licensed to provide such care. Such term includes services furnished in skilled nurs- ing care facilities, in intermediate care facili- ties, and in combined facilities. It does not in- clude domiciliary care. (29) The term ‘‘Vietnam era’’ means the fol- lowing: (A) The period beginning on November 1, 1955, and ending on May 7, 1975, in the case of a veteran who served in the Republic of Viet- nam during that period. (B) The period beginning on August 5, 1964, and ending on May 7, 1975, in all other cases. (30) The term ‘‘Mexican border period’’ means the period beginning on May 9, 1916, and ending on April 5, 1917, in the case of a veteran who dur- Page 15 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 ing such period served in Mexico, on the borders thereof, or in the waters adjacent thereto. (31) The term ‘‘spouse’’ means a person of the opposite sex who is a wife or husband. (32) The term ‘‘former prisoner of war’’ means a person who, while serving in the active mili- tary, naval air, or space service, was forcibly de- tained or interned in line of duty— (A) by an enemy government or its agents, or a hostile force, during a period of war; or (B) by a foreign government or its agents, or a hostile force, under circumstances which the Secretary finds to have been comparable to the circumstances under which persons have generally been forcibly detained or interned by enemy governments during periods of war. (33) The term ‘‘Persian Gulf War’’ means the period beginning on August 2, 1990, and ending on the date thereafter prescribed by Presidential proclamation or by law. (34) The term ‘‘agency of original jurisdiction’’ means the activity which entered the original determination with regard to a claim for bene- fits under laws administered by the Secretary. (35) The term ‘‘relevant evidence’’ means evi- dence that tends to prove or disprove a matter in issue. (36) The term ‘‘supplemental claim’’ means a claim for benefits under laws administered by the Secretary filed by a claimant who had pre- viously filed a claim for the same or similar benefits on the same or similar basis. (37) The term ‘‘toxic exposure’’ includes the following: (A) A toxic exposure risk activity, as defined in section 1710(e)(4) of this title. (B) An exposure to a substance, chemical, or airborne hazard identified in the list under section 1119(b)(2) of this title. (38) The term ‘‘toxic-exposed veteran’’ means any veteran described in section 1710(e)(1) of this title. (Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1106; Pub. L. 86–195, Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 87–674, § 1, Sept. 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 558; Pub. L. 87–815, § 3, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 927; Pub. L. 88–450, § 4(c), (d), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 89–311, § 2(c)(1), Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 89–358, § 4(d), Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 90–77, title II, § 201, Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 181; Pub. L. 91–24, §§ 1(a), (b), 16, June 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 33, 35; Pub. L. 91–262, § 1, May 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 91–588, § 9(a), (b), Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 91–621, § 6(a)(1), (2), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 92–198, § 5(a), Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 92–540, title IV, § 407, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 94–169, title I, § 101(1), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1013; Pub. L. 94–417, § 1(b), Sept. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 1277; Pub. L. 95–126, § 3, Oct. 8, 1977, 91 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 95–202, title III, § 309(a), Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 95–588, title III, § 301, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2506; Pub. L. 96–22, title IV, § 401, June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 97–37, § 3(a), Aug. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 936; Pub. L. 97–295, § 4(2), (95)(A), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1304, 1313; Pub. L. 97–306, title I, § 113(a), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1432; Pub. L. 98–223, title II, § 201, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 99–576, title VII, § 702(1), Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3301; Pub. L. 100–322, title I, § 103(a), title III, § 311, May 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 493, 534; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, § 633(c), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1987; Pub. L. 101–237, § 2(a), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2062; Pub. L. 102–25, title III, § 332, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 88; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 402(d)(1), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–54, § 14(a)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 102–83, §§ 4(a)(3), (4), (b)(1), (2)(E), 5(c)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 404–406; Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, § 1201(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4682; Pub. L. 104–275, title V, § 505(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3342; Pub. L. 106–419, title III, § 301(a), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1852; Pub. L. 107–14, § 4(a)(2), June 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(d), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2315; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, § 515(e)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3236; Pub. L. 109–444, § 8(b)(1), Dec. 21, 2006, 120 Stat. 3313; Pub. L. 109–461, title X, §§ 1004(b)(1), 1006(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3466, 3468; Pub. L. 110–389, title IV, § 402(b), Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4174; Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(a), Aug. 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 116–259, title I, § 107, Dec. 23, 2020, 134 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 926(a)(1), (b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3829, 3831; Pub. L. 116–315, title II, § 2001, title III, § 3004(a), Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 4967, 4992; Pub. L. 117–168, title I, § 102(b), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1761; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, § 1723(a)(1), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 118–210, title III, § 303, Jan. 2, 2025, 138 Stat. 2791.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in par. (20), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. AMENDMENTS 2025—Par. (3). Pub. L. 118–210 amended par. (3) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘surviving spouse’ means (except for pur- poses of chapter 19 of this title) a person of the opposite sex who was the spouse of a veteran at the time of the veteran’s death, and who lived with the veteran con- tinuously from the date of marriage to the date of the veteran’s death (except where there was a separation which was due to the misconduct of, or procured by, the veteran without the fault of the spouse) and who has not remarried or (in cases not involving remar- riage) has not since the death of the veteran, and after September 19, 1962, lived with another person and held himself or herself out openly to the public to be the spouse of such other person.’’ 2023—Par. (23)(A), (B). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1723(a)(1)(A), inserted ‘‘, or for members of the Space Force in a space force active status (as defined in section 101(e)(1) of title 10),’’ after ‘‘(including commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service)’’. Par. (27)(E) to (H). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1723(a)(1)(B), redes- ignated subpars. (F), (G), and (H) as subpars. (E), (F), and (G), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: ‘‘the Space Force Reserve;’’. 2022—Pars. (37), (38). Pub. L. 117–168 added pars. (37) and (38). 2021—Par. (2). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), substituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’. Par. (5). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), substituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’ in two places. Par. (10). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(b)(1), inserted ‘‘Space Force,’’ after ‘‘Air Force,’’. Pars. (12), (16), (17). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’. Par. (18). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), substituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’ in two places. Page 16 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 Par. (19). Pub. L. 116–315, § 3004(a), inserted ‘‘or Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Deter- mination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304))’’ after ‘‘(other than a possession)’’. Par. (24). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), substituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’ in introductory provisions. Par. (27)(E) to (H). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(b)(3), added subpar. (E) and redesignated former subpars. (E) to (G) as (F) to (H), respectively. Par. (29)(A). Pub. L. 116–315, § 2001, substituted ‘‘No- vember 1, 1955’’ for ‘‘February 28, 1961’’. Par. (32). Pub. L. 116–283, § 926(a)(1), substituted ‘‘air, or space service’’ for ‘‘or air service’’ in introductory provisions. 2020—Par. (21)(C). Pub. L. 116–259 inserted ‘‘in the commissioned officer corps’’ before ‘‘of the National’’. 2017—Pars. (34) to (36). Pub. L. 115–55 added pars. (34) to (36). 2008—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 110–389 substituted ‘‘sub- paragraph (B) or (C) of section 1965(10)’’ for ‘‘section 1965(10)(B)’’ in introductory provisions. 2006—Par. (25)(D). Pub. L. 109–461, § 1006(b), provided that as of the enactment of Pub. L. 109–461, the amend- ments made by Pub. L. 109–444 were deemed for all pur- poses not to have taken effect and that Pub. L. 109–444 ceased to be in effect. See Amendment notes below and section 1006(b) of Pub. L. 109–461, set out as a Coordina- tion of Provisions With Pub. L. 109–444 note below. Pub. L. 109–461, § 1004(b)(1), made technical amend- ment to directory language of Pub. L. 107–296, § 1704(d). See 2002 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 109–444, which made amendment identical to amendment by Pub. L. 109–461, § 1004(b)(1), was termi- nated by Pub. L. 109–461, § 1006(b). See Amendment notes above. Par. (27)(B). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted ‘‘Navy Re- serve’’ for ‘‘Naval Reserve’’. 2002—Par. (25)(D). Pub. L. 107–296, § 1704(d), as amend- ed by Pub. L. 109–461, § 1004(b)(1), substituted ‘‘of Home- land Security’’ for ‘‘of Transportation’’. 2001—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 107–14 inserted ‘‘(other than with respect to a child who is an insurable dependent under section 1965(10)(B) of such chapter)’’ after ‘‘ex- cept for purposes of chapter 19 of this title’’ in intro- ductory provisions. 2000—Par. (24). Pub. L. 106–419 amended par. (24) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (24) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘active military, naval, or air service’ in- cludes active duty, any period of active duty for train- ing during which the individual concerned was disabled or died from a disease or injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty, and any period of inactive duty training during which the individual concerned was disabled or died from an injury incurred or aggravated in line of duty.’’ 1996—Par. (29). Pub. L. 104–275 amended par. (29) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (29) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Vietnam era’ means the period beginning August 5, 1964, and ending on May 7, 1975.’’ 1994—Par. (1). Pub. L. 103–446 amended par. (1) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: ‘‘The terms ‘Secretary’ and ‘Administrator’ mean the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and the terms ‘Depart- ment’ and ‘Department’ mean the Department of Vet- erans Affairs.’’ 1991—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(a)(3), (4), substituted ‘‘Department’’ for ‘‘Veterans’ Administration’’. Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted ‘‘Secretary’’ for ‘‘Administrator’’ in concluding provi- sions. Pub. L. 102–40 substituted ‘‘8502(b)’’ for ‘‘5202(b)’’ in introductory provisions. Par. (4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted ‘‘3566’’ for ‘‘1766’’ in introductory provisions. Par. (11). Pub. L. 102–25, § 332(1), inserted ‘‘the Persian Gulf War,’’ after ‘‘the Vietnam era,’’. Pars. (13) to (15). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), sub- stituted ‘‘Secretary’’ for ‘‘Administrator’’. Par. (20). Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1), substituted ‘‘2303’’ for ‘‘903’’. Par. (21)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 102–54 redesignated subcls. (a), (b), and (c) as (I), (II), and (III), respectively. Par. (32)(B). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted ‘‘Secretary’’ for ‘‘Administrator’’. Par. (33). Pub. L. 102–25, § 332(2), added par. (33). 1989—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–237 amended par. (1) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs.’’ 1988—Par. (22)(D). Pub. L. 100–456, § 633(c)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘training or a practice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10 for a period of not less than four weeks and which must be completed by the member before the member is commissioned’’ for ‘‘field training or a prac- tice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10’’. Par. (23)(C). Pub. L. 100–456, § 633(c)(2), added subpar. (C). Par. (28). Pub. L. 100–322, § 103(a), substituted ‘‘who re- quire nursing care’’ for ‘‘who require skilled nursing care’’ and ‘‘Such term includes services furnished in skilled nursing care facilities, in intermediate care fa- cilities, and in combined facilities. It does not include domiciliary care.’’ for ‘‘The term includes intensive care where the nursing service is under the supervision of a registered professional nurse.’’ Par. (32)(B). Pub. L. 100–322, § 311, struck out ‘‘during a period other than a period of war in which such per- son was held’’ before ‘‘under circumstances which’’. 1986—Pars. (22)(C), (23), (27)(F). Pub. L. 99–576, § 702(1)(A), inserted ‘‘Army’’ before ‘‘National Guard’’. Par. (31). Pub. L. 99–576, § 702(1)(B), struck out ‘‘and the term ‘surviving spouse’ means a person of the oppo- site sex who is a widow or widower’’ after ‘‘husband’’. 1984—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 98–223 inserted provision that a person described in cl. (ii) of first sentence of subpar. (A) who was a member of a veteran’s household at the time the person became 18 years of age and who is adopted by the veteran be recognized as a legally adopted child of the veteran regardless of the age of such person at the time of the adoption. 1982—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 97–295, § 4(2), substituted ‘‘before August 26, 1961, or within two years after the veteran’s death’’ for ‘‘within two years after the vet- eran’s death or the date of enactment of this sentence’’. Par. (22)(C). Pub. L. 97–306, § 113(a)(1), struck out ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘of law;’’. Par. (22)(D), (E). Pub. L. 97–306, § 113(a)(2), (3), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E). Par. (25)(E). Pub. L. 97–295, § 4(95)(A), substituted ‘‘Health and Human Services’’ for ‘‘Health, Education, and Welfare’’. 1981—Par. (32). Pub. L. 97–37 added par. (32). 1979—Par. (4). Pub. L. 96–22 designated existing provi- sions as subpar. (A) and existing subpars. (A), (B), and (C) thereof as cls. (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively, and added subpar. (B). 1978—Par. (15). Pub. L. 95–588 inserted ‘‘or other peri- odic’’ after ‘‘monthly’’. 1977—Par. (18). Pub. L. 95–126 designated existing pro- visions as cl. (A) and added cl. (B). Par. (29). Pub. L. 95–202 substituted ‘‘May 7, 1975’’ for ‘‘such date as shall thereafter be determined by Presi- dential proclamation or concurrent resolution of the Congress.’’ 1976—Par. (19). Pub. L. 94–417 struck out ‘‘of any war (including the Indian Wars)’’ before ‘‘disabled’’ and ‘‘of any war’’ after ‘‘care for veterans’’. 1975—Par. (3). Pub. L. 94–169, § 101(1)(A), substituted ‘‘surviving spouse’’ for ‘‘widow’’, ‘‘person of the oppo- site sex’’ for ‘‘woman’’, ‘‘spouse’’ for ‘‘wife’’ wherever appearing, ‘‘the veteran’s’’ for ‘‘his’’ wherever appear- ing, ‘‘with the veteran’’ for ‘‘with him’’, ‘‘person’’ for ‘‘man’’ wherever appearing and ‘‘himself or herself’’ for ‘‘herself’’. Par. (4). Pub. L. 94–169, § 101(1)(B), substituted ‘‘reg- ular contributions toward the person’s support from some individual other than the veteran or the veteran’s spouse’’ for ‘‘regular contribution toward his support from some individual other than the veteran or his spouse’’. Page 17 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 Par. (5). Pub. L. 94–169, § 101(1)(C), substituted ‘‘before the veteran’s entry’’ for ‘‘before his entry’’. Pars. (13) to (15). Pub. L. 94–169, § 101(1)(D)–(F), sub- stituted ‘‘surviving spouse’’ for ‘‘widow’’ wherever ap- pearing. Par. (31). Pub. L. 94–169, § 101(1)(G), added par. (31). 1972—Par. (4). Pub. L. 92–540 inserted provision recog- nizing as a legally adopted child a person who has been placed for adoption under an agreement entered into by the adopting parent or parents with an agency author- ized by law to so act. 1971—Par. (30). Pub. L. 92–198 struck out service re- quirement of 90 days or more. 1970—Par. (4). Pub. L. 91–262 inserted provision recog- nizing an adopted child of a veteran as a dependent from the date of issuance of an interlocutory decree. Par. (11). Pub. L. 91–588, § 9(a), inserted reference to the Mexican border period. Par. (21)(C). Pub. L. 91–621, § 6(a)(1), included within ‘‘active duty’’ duty as a commissioned officer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or its predecessor organization. Par. (25)(F). Pub. L. 91–621, § 6(a)(2), inserted ‘‘the Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or its predecessor organization’’ before ‘‘the Coast and Geo- detic Survey’’. Par. (30). Pub. L. 91–588, § 9(b), added par. (30). 1969—Par. (3). Pub. L. 91–24, § 16, substituted ‘‘Sep- tember 16, 1962’’ for ‘‘enactment of the 1962 amendment to this paragraph’’. Par. (23)(A). Pub. L. 91–24, § 1(a), substituted ‘‘section 206 of title 37’’ for ‘‘section 301 of title 37’’. Par. (25)(D). Pub. L. 91–24, § 1(b), substituted ‘‘Sec- retary of Transportation’’ for ‘‘Secretary of the Treas- ury’’. 1967—Par. (11). Pub. L. 90–77, § 201(a), included Viet- nam era within definition of ‘‘period of war’’ and sub- stituted ‘‘the date’’ for ‘‘a date’’. Par. (29). Pub. L. 90–77, § 201(b), added par. (29). 1966—Par. (20). Pub. L. 89–358 defined ‘‘State’’ to in- clude the Canal Zone for the purpose of section 903 and chapters 34 and 35 of this title. 1965—Par. (4)(C). Pub. L. 89–311 substituted ‘‘twenty- three years’’ for ‘‘twenty-one years’’. 1964—Par. (19). Pub. L. 88–450, § 4(c), included within ‘‘State home’’ a home which furnishes nursing home care for veterans of any war. Par. (28). Pub. L. 88–450, § 4(d), added par. (28). 1962—Par. (3). Pub. L. 87–674 inserted requirement that a widow, in cases not involving remarriage, must not, since the death of the veteran and after the enact- ment of this amendment, have lived with another man and held herself out openly to the public to be the wife of such other man, and struck out ‘‘(unless the pur- ported remarriage is void)’’ after ‘‘who has not remar- ried’’. Par. (26). Pub. L. 87–815 substituted ‘‘ ‘Reserve’ means a member’’ for ‘‘ ‘Reserves’ means members’’. 1959—Par. (4). Pub. L. 86–195 provided that a person shall be deemed, as of the date of death of a veteran, to be the legally adopted child of the veteran if such per- son was at the time of the veteran’s death living in the veteran’s household and was legally adopted by the sur- viving spouse of the veteran within two years after the veteran’s death or Aug. 25, 1959, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 86–195, provided that such person was not re- ceiving regular contributions toward his support from some individual other than the veteran or his spouse, or from any public or private welfare organization. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Reference to Reserve Corps of the Public Health Serv- ice deemed to be a reference to the Ready Reserve Corps, see section 204(c)(3) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(x), Aug. 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 1115, pro- vided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section [enacting sections 5104A to 5104C and 7113 of this title, amending this section and sections 5103 to 5104, 5108, 5109, 5109B, 5110, 5111, 5701, 5904, 7103 to 7105A, 7107, and 7111 of this title, and repealing sections 7106 and 7109 of this title] shall apply to all claims for which notice of a decision under section 5104 of title 38, United States Code, is provided by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs on or after the later of— ‘‘(A) the date that is 540 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 23, 2017]; and ‘‘(B) the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs submits to the ap- propriate committees of Congress— ‘‘(i) a certification that the Secretary confirms, without delegation, that the Department of Vet- erans Affairs has the resources, personnel, office space, procedures, and information technology re- quired— ‘‘(I) to carry out the new appeals system; ‘‘(II) to timely address appeals under the new appeals system; and ‘‘(III) to timely address appeals of decisions on legacy claims; and ‘‘(ii) a summary of the expectations for perform- ance outcomes that the Secretary used in making the certification under clause (i)(III) and a compari- son of such expected performance outcomes with actual performance outcomes with respect to ap- peals of legacy claims before the effective date of the new appeals system. ‘‘(2) COLLABORATION.—In determining whether and when to make a certification under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall collaborate with, partner with, and give weight to the advice of veterans service organiza- tions and such other stakeholders as the Secretary con- siders appropriate. ‘‘(3) EARLY APPLICABILITY.—The Secretary may apply the new appeals system to a claim with respect to which the claimant— ‘‘(A) receives a notice of a decision under section 5104 of such title after the date of the enactment of this Act and before the applicability date set forth in paragraph (1); and ‘‘(B) elects to subject the claim to the new appeals system. ‘‘(4) PHASED ROLLOUT.—The Secretary may begin im- plementation of the new appeals system in phases, with the first phase of such phased implementation begin- ning on the applicability date set forth in paragraph (1). ‘‘(5) TREATMENT OF LEGACY CLAIMS.—With respect to legacy claims, upon the issuance to a claimant of a statement of the case or supplemental statement of the case occurring on or after the applicability date speci- fied in paragraph (1), a claimant may elect to partici- pate in the new appeals system. ‘‘(6) PUBLICATION OF APPLICABILITY DATE.—Not later than the date on which the new appeals system goes into effect (or the first phase of the new appeals system goes into effect under paragraph (4), as the case may be), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register such date. ‘‘(7) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: ‘‘(A) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—The term ‘appropriate committees of Congress’ means— ‘‘(i) the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep- resentatives. ‘‘(B) VETERANS SERVICE ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘veterans service organization’ means any organiza- tion recognized by the Secretary for the representa- tion of veterans under section 5902 of title 38, United States Code.’’ [Final rule implementing provisions of Pub. L. 115–55 relating to new Department of Veterans Affairs appeals system went into effect Feb. 19, 2019. See final rule at 84 F.R. 138 and subsequent corrections at 84 F.R. 4336.] Page 18 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 [For definitions of ‘‘claimant’’, ‘‘legacy claims’’, and ‘‘new appeals system’’ as used in section 2(x) of Pub. L. 115–55, set out above, see section 6 of Pub. L. 115–55, set out in a note under section 5101 of this title.] EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–461, title X, § 1004(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3466, provided that the amendment made by sec- tion 1004(b) is effective Nov. 25, 2002. Pub. L. 109–444, § 8(b), Dec. 21, 2006, 120 Stat. 3313, which provided that the amendment made by section 8(b)(1) would be effective Nov. 25, 2002, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–461, title X, § 1006(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3468, set out below. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 10, Armed Forces. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2001 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–14, § 4(g), June 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 30, pro- vided that: ‘‘(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1965 and 1967 to 1970 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first month that begins more than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 5, 2001]. ‘‘(2) Each Secretary concerned, acting in consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall take such action as is necessary to ensure that during the period between the date of the enactment of this Act and the effective date determined under paragraph (1) each eli- gible member— ‘‘(A) is furnished an explanation of the insurance benefits available for dependents under the amend- ments made by this section; and ‘‘(B) is afforded an opportunity before such effec- tive date to make elections that are authorized under those amendments to be made with respect to de- pendents. ‘‘(3) For purposes of paragraph (2): ‘‘(A) The term ‘Secretary concerned’ has the mean- ing given that term in section 101 of title 38, United States Code. ‘‘(B) The term ‘eligible member’ means a member of the uniformed services described in subparagraph (A) or (C) of section 1967(a)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as amended by subsection (b)(1).’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–275, title V, § 505(d), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3342, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1116 and 1710 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1997. No benefit may be paid or provided by reason of such amendments for any period before such date.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100–456 applicable only with respect to training performed after Sept. 30, 1988, see section 633(e) of Pub. L. 100–456, set out as a note under section 2109 of Title 10, Armed Forces. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97–306, title I, § 113(d), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1433, as amended by Pub. L. 98–223, title II, § 210, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 45, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsections (a) [amending this section] and (b) [repealing former section 403 of this title] and the pro- visions of subsection (c) [set out as a note under section 8140 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- ees]— ‘‘(1) with respect to deaths and disabilities result- ing from diseases or injuries incurred or aggravated after September 30, 1982, shall take effect as of Octo- ber 1, 1982; and ‘‘(2) with respect to deaths and disabilities result- ing from diseases or injuries incurred or aggravated before October 1, 1982, shall take effect as of October 1, 1983.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–588, title IV, § 401, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2511, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification] to title 38, United States Code, shall become effective on January 1, 1979.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 95–202, title V, § 501, Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1450, provided that: ‘‘The provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall become effective on the first day of the first month beginning 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 23, 1977], except that the provisions of title I and section 304(a)(1)(A) shall be ef- fective retroactively to October 1, 1977, the provisions of sections 201 and 202 shall become effective on Janu- ary 1, 1978, the provisions of section 203 shall be effec- tive retroactively to May 31, 1976, and the provisions of sections 301, 302(2), 304(a)(1)(B), 304(a)(2), 305(a)(3), 305(b)(2), 305(b)(3), 305(b)(4), 305(c), 306, 307, 308, 309, and 310 and of title IV shall be effective upon enactment [Nov. 23, 1977].’’ Amendment by Pub. L. 95–126 effective Oct. 8, 1977, see section 5 of Pub. L. 95–126, set out as a note under section 5303 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1975 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 94–169, title I, § 101, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1013, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1976. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1971 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 92–198 effective Jan. 1, 1972, see section 6 of Pub. L. 92–198, set out as a note under section 1521 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 91–588 effective Jan. 1, 1971, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 91–588, set out as a note under section 1521 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1967 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 90–77, title IV, § 405, Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 191, provided that: ‘‘(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, this Act [see Tables for classification] shall become effective on the first day of the first cal- endar month which begins more than ten days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 31, 1967]. ‘‘(b) The amendments made by section 203 of this Act [amending sections 602 and 612 [now 1702 and 1712 of this title] shall become effective upon enactment [Aug. 31, 1967]. ‘‘(c) The amendments made by title II [§§ 201–204] of this Act [amending this section] relating to the pay- ment of burial benefits in the case of veterans of the Vietnam era shall become effective on the date of en- actment of this Act [Aug. 31, 1967]. If the burial allow- ance authorized by section 902 [now 2302] of title 38, United States Code is payable solely by virtue of the enactment of this Act, the two-year period for filing applications, referred to in section 904 [now 2304] of such title 38, shall not end, with respect to an indi- vidual whose death occurred prior to the enactment of this Act; before the expiration of the two-year period which begins on the date of enactment of this Act; or in any case involving the correction of a discharge after the date of enactment of this Act; before the expi- ration of two years from the date of such correction.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1965 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 89–311 effective first day of second calendar month following Oct. 31, 1965, see sec- tion 9 of Pub. L. 89–311, set out as a note under section 1114 of this title. Page 19 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 SHORT TITLE OF 2025 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–271, § 1, Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2991, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 2306 and 2402 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Keeping Military Families Together Act of 2024’.’’ Pub. L. 118–210, § 1(a), Jan. 2, 2025, 138 Stat. 2706, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Cen- tury Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act’.’’ Pub. L. 118–210, title IV, § 401, Jan. 2, 2025, 138 Stat. 2794, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 2069 of this title, amending section 2012 of this title, and en- acting provisions set out as notes under sections 2001 and 2012 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Housing our Military Veterans Effectively Act of 2024’ or the ‘HOME Act of 2024’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2024 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–196, § 1, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2671, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 7114 of this title, amending sections 5101 and 7253 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 706, 5101, and 7114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Vet- erans Benefits Improvement Act of 2024’.’’ Pub. L. 118–134, § 1, Nov. 25, 2024, 138 Stat. 1646, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2306 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Mark Our Place Act’.’’ Pub. L. 118–130, § 1, Nov. 25, 2024, 138 Stat. 1639, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2024’.’’ Pub. L. 118–114, § 1, Nov. 25, 2024, 138 Stat. 1605, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 6107 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Restoring Benefits to De- frauded Veterans Act’.’’ Pub. L. 118–95, § 1, Oct. 1, 2024, 138 Stat. 1567, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 3680A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veteran Improvement Commercial Driver License Act of 2023’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2023 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–21, § 1, Nov. 13, 2023, 137 Stat. 109, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 5702 and 5901 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 5702 and 5901 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Wounded Warrior Access Act’.’’ Pub. L. 118–20, § 1, Nov. 13, 2023, 137 Stat. 108, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 109 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Korean American Vietnam Allies Long Overdue for Relief Act’ or the ‘Korean American VALOR Act’.’’ Pub. L. 118–6, § 1, June 14, 2023, 137 Stat. 50, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2023’ or the ‘Veterans’ COLA Act of 2023’.’’ Pub. L. 117–355, § 1, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6278, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 2404, 2406, and 2411 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2303 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Na- tional Cemeteries Preservation and Protection Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–333, § 1(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6121, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Auto and Education Im- provement Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–333, § 10(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6131, pro- vided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 3311 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Sgt. Wolf Kyle Weninger Veterans Education Fairness Act of 2022’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–328, div. U, § 1(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5404, provided that: ‘‘This division [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Joseph Maxwell Cleland and Robert Joseph Dole Memorial Veterans Benefits and Health Care Improvement Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–328, div. U, title II, § 231, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5456, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle C (§§ 231–234) of title II of div. U of Pub. L. 117–328, amend- ing sections 3031, 3103, 3321, and 3512 of this title] may be cited as the ‘GI Bill National Emergency Extended Deadline Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–328, div. U, title II, § 251, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5462, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle E (§§ 251–255) of title II of div. U of Pub. L. 117–328, enact- ing sections 5302B and 5314A of this title, amending sec- tions 5302, 5314, and 5315 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 5302, 5302B, 5314A, and 5315 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Bene- ficiary Debt Collection Improvement Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–328, div. V, § 1(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5497, provided that: ‘‘This division [enacting sections 1167 and 2068 of this title, amending section 1712A of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes pre- ceding section 3001 and under sections 1701, 1712A, 1720F, 6303, 7303, 7401, 7611, and 7681 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1701 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Support The Re- siliency of Our Nation’s Great Veterans Act of 2022’ or the ‘STRONG Veterans Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–313, § 1, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4399, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1917, 1949, and 1952 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 1981 and under section 1917 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Faster Payments to Vet- erans’ Survivors Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–297, § 1, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4375, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 3319 and 3699 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Eligible to Transfer School (VETS) Credit Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–209, § 1, Oct. 17, 2022, 136 Stat. 2243, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1967 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1967 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Sup- porting Families of the Fallen Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–205, § 1, Oct. 17, 2022, 136 Stat. 2232, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting subchapter II of chap- ter 63 of this title and amending sections 6301 and 6303 to 6307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Solid Start Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–191, § 1, Oct. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 2207, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–178, § 1, Sept. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 2110, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 4303 and 4312 of this title and section 5149 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Civilian Re- servist Emergency Workforce Act of 2021’ or the ‘CREW Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–175, § 1, Sept. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 2107, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 7309A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Patient Advocate Tracker Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–174, § 1, Aug. 26, 2022, 136 Stat. 2104, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 3680A of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3680A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Ensur- ing the Best Schools for Veterans Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, § 1(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1759, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Sergeant First Class Heath Robin- son Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022’ or the ‘Honoring our PACT Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title I, § 101, Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1761, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending this section and section 1710 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1710 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Conceding Our Veterans’ Exposure Now and Necessitating Training Act of 2022’ or the ‘COV- ENANT Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title II, § 201, Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1766, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting subchapter VII of chapter 11 and sections 1167 and 1305 of this title, Page 20 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 amending sections 1116, 1116B, and 1118 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1167 and 1305 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Toxic Expo- sure in the American Military Act of 2022’ or the ‘TEAM Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title III, § 301, Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1777, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 1119 and 1168 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Burn Pits Exposure Recognition Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 401(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1780, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sec- tion 1112 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Mark Takai Atomic Veterans Healthcare Parity Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 402(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1780, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sec- tion 1112 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Palomares or Thule Veterans Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 403(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1780, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sec- tions 1116 and 1710 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1116 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Agent Orange Exposure Eq- uity Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 404(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1782, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sec- tion 1116 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1116 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Fair Care for Vietnam Veterans Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 406(a), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1783, provided that: ‘‘This section [enacting sec- tion 1120 of this title, amending section 1113 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Presump- tive Benefits for War Fighters Exposed to Burn Pits and Other Toxins Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–154, § 1, June 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 1303, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 5701 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Electronic Health Record Transparency Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–138, § 1, June 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 1256, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting and amending provi- sions set out as notes preceding section 3001 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Rapid Retraining Assistance Program Restoration and Recovery Act of 2022’.’’ Pub. L. 117–136, § 1, June 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 1251, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 312 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 312 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Strengthening Oversight for Veterans Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–133, § 1, June 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 1238, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 7322 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Dr. Kate Hendricks Thomas Supporting Expanded Review for Veterans In Combat Environments Act’ or the ‘Dr. Kate Hendricks Thomas SERVICE Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–103, div. S, title I, § 101, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 821, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending sections 7404 and 7451 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Depart- ment of Veterans Affairs Nurse and Physician Assist- ant Retention and Income Security Enhancement Act’ or the ‘VA Nurse and Physician Assistant RAISE Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–103, div. CC, § 101, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 1109, provided that: ‘‘This division [amending sections 2303 and 2408 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2408 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Burial Equity for Guards and Reserves Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–76, § 1, Dec. 21, 2021, 135 Stat. 1517, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 516, 3313, 3679, 3680, 3689, 3690, 3696, and 3729 of this title, enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 3679 and 3680 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes pre- ceding section 3001 and under sections 3031, 3103, 3485, and 3687 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Responsible Education Mitigating Options and Technical Exten- sions Act’ or the ‘REMOTE Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–69, § 1, Nov. 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 1495, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1703 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Protecting Moms Who Served Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–68, § 1, Nov. 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 1493, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 3679 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3679 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Colonel John M. McHugh Tuition Fairness for Survivors Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–67, § 1, Nov. 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 1491, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 7401 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Hire Veteran Health Heroes Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–62, § 1, Nov. 22, 2021, 135 Stat. 1482, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6303 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans and Family Information Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–45, § 1, Oct. 8, 2021, 135 Stat. 389, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–42, § 1, Sept. 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 342, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1712C of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 8103 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–37, § 1, Aug. 25, 2021, 135 Stat. 329, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1714 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1714 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Puppies Assisting Wounded Servicemembers for Veterans Therapy Act’ or the ‘PAWS for Veterans Therapy Act’.’’ Pub. L. 117–21, § 1, June 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 292, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1712A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Sgt. Ketchum Rural Veterans Mental Health Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 117–16, § 1, June 8, 2021, 135 Stat. 280, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1166, 3313, 3671, 3673A, 3679, 3696, and 3698 of this title, renumbering sec- tion 1164 of this title as section 1166, enacting provi- sions set out as notes preceding section 3001 and under sections 3698 and 3699B of this title, and amending pro- visions set out as notes preceding section 3001 and under sections 2408, 3671, and 3699B of this title] may be cited as the ‘Training in High-demand Roles to Improve Veteran Employment Act’ or the ‘THRIVE Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–315, § 1(a), Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 4932, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Johnny Isakson and David P. Roe, M.D. Veterans Health Care and Benefits Improvement Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–315, title IV, § 4001, Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 5006, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Navy SEAL Bill Mulder Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–315, title V, § 5001, Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 5021, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Deborah Sampson Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–315, title VI, § 6001, Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 5051, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1501 and 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Financial Refuge for Every Elderly Veteran Act of 2020’ or the ‘FREE Veteran Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VII, § 761, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3724, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle E (§§ 761–765) of title VII of div. A of Pub. L. 116–283, enact- ing section 1789 of this title, amending sections 1712A, 1720F, and 1720H of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under 1712A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Care and Readiness Enhancement for Reservists Act of 2020’ or the ‘CARE for Reservists Act of 2020’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–278, § 1, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3373, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1720G of this Page 21 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1720G of this title] may be cited as the ‘Trans- parency and Effective Accountability Measures for Vet- eran Caregivers Act’ or the ‘TEAM Veteran Caregivers Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–214, § 1(a), Dec. 5, 2020, 134 Stat. 1026, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1720J of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 902, 1710, 1720G, 1720J, and 6303 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Comprehensive Prevention, Access to Care, and Treatment Act of 2020’ or the ‘Veterans COM- PACT Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–183, § 1, Oct. 30, 2020, 134 Stat. 895, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 8127 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8127 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Protecting Business Opportunities for Veterans Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 116–178, § 1, Oct. 20, 2020, 134 Stat. 853, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–176, § 1, Oct. 20, 2020, 134 Stat. 849, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1712A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Vet Center Eligibility Expansion Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–171, § 1(a), Oct. 17, 2020, 134 Stat. 778, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting subchapter IX of chap- ter 76 and section 119 of this title, amending sections 1720I, 7309, 7601 to 7604, and 7632 of this title, and enact- ing provisions set out as notes under sections 310, 1701, 1712A, 1720F, 6303, 7303, 7401, 7402, 7698, and 8111 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 116–159, div. E, § 5001, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 747, provided that: ‘‘This division [amending sections 111A, 315, 322, 503, 521A, 1710, 1710A, 2021, 2021A, 2023, 2031, 2033, 2044, 2061, 2108, 3733, 7253, and 8118 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 301 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes pre- ceding section 3001 of this title and under sections 1116, 1710, 1712A, 3031, and 7302 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authori- ties Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–155, § 1, Aug. 8, 2020, 134 Stat. 698, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 8127 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8127 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Vet- erans Affairs Contracting Preference Consistency Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–154, § 1, Aug. 8, 2020, 134 Stat. 690, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 3315B of this title, amending sections 2101, 2102, 3485, 3532, and 3729 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2101, 3315B, and 3485 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Ryan Kules and Paul Benne Specially Adaptive Housing Improvement Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 116–140, § 1, Apr. 28, 2020, 134 Stat. 631, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3031, 3103, 3105, 3108, 3319, 3321, 3485, 3680, and 3699 of this title and section 16133 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the ‘Student Veteran Coronavirus Response Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–137, § 1, Apr. 10, 2020, 134 Stat. 616, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 7101 and 7107 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 7101 and 7107 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Tele-Hearing Modernization Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–106, § 1, Jan. 7, 2020, 133 Stat. 3291, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2403 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Fallen Warrior Battlefield Cross Memorial Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–61, § 1, Sept. 30, 2019, 133 Stat. 1116, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 315, 714, 1725A, 2044, 3313, 3321, 3683, 3699, 3733, 7462, 7696, and 8104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Vet- erans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 116–58, § 1, Sept. 26, 2019, 133 Stat. 1091, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 116–23, § 1, June 25, 2019, 133 Stat. 966, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1116A, 1116B, and 1822 of this title, amending sections 1710, 1831, 3703, 3710, 3729, 3731, and 3762 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1116A, 1116B, 1822, 3703, and 3731 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–407, § 1(a), Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5368, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 728 of this title, amending sections 2021, 2306, 2402, 3105, 3313, 3679, 3698, and 7463 of this title and sections 3955, 3956, 4001, and 4025 of Title 50, War and National Defense, enacting provisions set out as notes preceding sections 5301 and 5701 of this title and under sections 1701, 3679, 3680, and 8125 of this title and sections 4001 and 4025 of Title 50, and amending provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 3001 and 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits and Transition Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–258, § 1, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3662, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–251, § 1(a), Sept. 29, 2018, 132 Stat. 3166, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–188, § 1, June 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 1490, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 727 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Senior Executive Accountability Act of 2018’ or the ‘SEA Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–184, § 1, June 15, 2018, 132 Stat. 1483, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2306 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Cemetery Benefit Correction Act’.’’ Pub. L. 115–182, § 1(a), June 6, 2018, 132 Stat. 1393, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘John S. McCain III, Daniel K. Akaka, and Samuel R. Johnson VA Maintaining Inter- nal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Net- works Act of 2018’ or the ‘VA MISSION Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–182, title I, § 100(a), June 6, 2018, 132 Stat. 1395, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Caring for Our Veterans Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–159, § 1, Mar. 27, 2018, 132 Stat. 1244, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1745 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1745 of this title] may be cited as the ‘State Veterans Home Adult Day Health Care Improvement Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–131, § 1, Mar. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 334, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1501 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Care Financial Protection Act of 2017’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–95, § 1, Dec. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 2042, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1701 of this title] may be cited as the ‘En- hancing Veteran Care Act’.’’ Pub. L. 115–89, § 1, Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1279, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 3672 and 3680 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Apprentice- ship and Labor Opportunity Reform Act’ or the ‘VALOR Act’.’’ Pub. L. 115–86, § 1, Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1276, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 5701 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Prescription Data Ac- countability Act 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–75, § 1, Nov. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 1244, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes Page 22 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–62, § 1(a), Sept. 29, 2017, 131 Stat. 1159, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 111A, 315, 322, 503, 521A, 544, 1710, 1710A, 1720G, 1729, 2021, 2021A, 2023, 2031, 2033, 2044, 2061, 2066, 2101, 2108, 3313, 3673, 3720, 3732, and 3733 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1710C, 3313, and 3684 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 1116, 1710, 1710C, 1712A, 3313, 3684, and 3699 of this title and section 1071 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–55, § 1, Aug. 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 1105, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 5104A to 5104C and 7113 of this title, amending this section and sec- tions 5103 to 5104, 5108, 5109, 5109B, 5110, 5111, 5701, 5904, 7103 to 7105A, and 7111 of this title, repealing sections 7106 and 7109 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 5101 and 5108 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Appeals Improvement and Modernization Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–48, § 1(a), Aug. 16, 2017, 131 Stat. 973, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Harry W. Colmery Veterans Edu- cational Assistance Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–46, § 1(a), Aug. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 958, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting subchapter III of chap- ter 7 and section 725 of this title, amending sections 3729, 5317, 5503, 7412, and 7451 of this title and section 3304 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- ees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 701, 741, and 7401 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Choice and Quality Employment Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–41, § 1(a), June 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 862, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2016 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–315, § 1(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1536, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Jeff Miller and Richard Blumenthal Veterans Health Care and Benefits Im- provement Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–273, § 1, Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1400, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2306 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Charles Duncan Buried with Honor Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–256, § 1, Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1345, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 3903, 7401, and 7402 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3902 and 7401 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Mobility Safety Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–228, § 1(a), Sept. 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 935, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 111A, 315, 322, 503, 521A, 544, 1710, 1710A, 1720G, 1729, 2013, 2021, 2021A, 2023, 2031, 2033, 2041, 2044, 2061, 2066, 2101, 2108, 3679, 3692, 3720, 3732, and 3733 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 523, 1116, 1710, 1712A, 3684, and 5101 of this title and section 1071 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–226, § 1, Sept. 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 926, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 8161, 8162, 8163, and 8168 of this title] may be cited as the ‘West Los Angeles Leasing Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–218, § 1, July 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 842, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1712C of this title and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1712 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Depart- ment of Veterans Affairs Dental Insurance Reauthor- ization Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–197, § 1, July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 693, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation COLA Act of 2016’.’’ Pub. L. 114–188, § 1, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 611, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1709B of this title] may be cited as the ‘Female Veteran Suicide Pre- vention Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–58, § 1(a), Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 530, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2015’.’’ Pub. L. 114–41, title IV, § 4001, July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 460, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending sections 223 and 4980H of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1701 of this title and sections 223 and 4980H of Title 26, and amend- ing provisions set out as a note under section 1701 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Budget and Choice Improvement Act’.’’ Pub. L. 114–31, § 1, July 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 428, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 5706 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 5706 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Identification Card Act 2015’.’’ Pub. L. 114–19, § 1, May 22, 2015, 129 Stat. 215, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1701 of this section] may be cited as the ‘Construction Authorization and Choice Improvement Act’.’’ Pub. L. 114–2, § 1, Feb. 12, 2015, 129 Stat. 30, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1709B of this title, amending section 1710 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 1712A, 1720F, and 7681 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Clay Hunt Sui- cide Prevention for American Veterans Act’ or the ‘Clay Hunt SAV Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2014 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 113–257, § 1, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2924, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting and amending provi- sions set out as notes under section 1710C of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Traumatic Brain Injury Care Improvement Act of 2014’.’’ Pub. L. 113–181, § 1, Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1916, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2014’.’’ Pub. L. 113–175, § 1(a), Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1901, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2014’.’’ Pub. L. 113–146, § 1(a), Aug. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1754, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 713 and 7412 of this title, amending sections 1720D, 3311, 3321, 3679, 3729, 5317, 5503, 7302, 7612, 7619, 7683, and 8104 of this title, en- acting provisions set out as notes under sections 703, 713, 1701, 1720D, 3311, 3679, 7302, 7412, and 8104 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1703 and 1710C of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2013 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 113–65, § 1, Dec. 20, 2013, 127 Stat. 669, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2411 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2411 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Alicia Dawn Koehl Respect for National Cemeteries Act’.’’ Pub. L. 113–59, § 1(a), Dec. 20, 2013, 127 Stat. 658, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 111A, 315, 322, 521A, 1710A, 2031, 2033, 2041, 2066, 3692, and 3733 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under sec- tion 521A of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Expiring Authorities Extension Act of 2013’.’’ Pub. L. 113–52, § 1, Nov. 21, 2013, 127 Stat. 582, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2013’.’’ Page 23 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 Pub. L. 113–37, § 1, Sept. 30, 2013, 127 Stat. 523, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 322, 521A, 1710, 1729, 2013, 2021, 2023, 2044, 2061, 2101, 3732, and 5317A of this title and section 653 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 322 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1710 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2013’.’’ Pub. L. 112–260, § 1(a), Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2417, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 111A and 2414 of this title, amending sections 111, 111A, 2302, 2306, 2308, 2404, 2411, 5503, 7253, and 7255 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 527, 2302, 2306, 2402, 2404, 2411, 2414, 7253, and 7255 of this title, section 1144 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 2104 of Title 36, Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1712A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Im- provement Act of 2012’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–198, § 1, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1463, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2012’.’’ Pub. L. 112–191, § 1(a), Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1437, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 315, 2031, 2033, 2041, 2066, and 3732 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 315 of this title, and amend- ing provisions set out as a note under section 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘VA Major Construction Authorization and Expiring Authorities Extension Act of 2012’.’’ Pub. L. 112–154, § 1(a), Aug. 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 1165, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012’.’’ Pub. L. 112–154, title I, § 101, Aug. 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 1167, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 1709, 1709A, 1722B, and 1787 of this title, amending sections 901, 1710, 1710C to 1710E, 1720, 1729, 1745, and 7308 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1710, 1720, 1729A, and 7406 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Janey Ensminger Act’.’’ Pub. L. 112–154, title II, § 201, Aug. 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 1176, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 8168 of this title, amending sections 2101, 2102, 2102A, 3701, 3704, 3707, 3707A, 3729, 8161, 8162, 8164 to 8167, and 8169 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2101, 2102, 2102A, 3701, 8162, and 8168 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Andrew Connolly Veterans Housing Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2011 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–56, title II, § 201, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 712, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘VOW to Hire Heroes Act of 2011’.’’ Pub. L. 112–53, § 1, Nov. 9, 2011, 125 Stat. 548, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2011’.’’ Pub. L. 112–37, § 1(a), Oct. 5, 2011, 125 Stat. 392, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1703, 2013, 2021, 2031, 2033, 2041, 2044, 2061, 2066, 2102A, 3729, 5317, 5317A, 8104, and 8118 of this title and section 653 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Care Facilities Capital Improvement Act of 2011’.’’ Pub. L. 112–26, § 1, Aug. 3, 2011, 125 Stat. 268, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 3729 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3313 and 3729 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Restoring GI Bill Fairness Act of 2011’.’’ Pub. L. 111–377, § 1(a), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4106, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 3315A of this title, amending sections 3031, 3034, 3108, 3301, 3311, 3313, 3315, 3316, 3319, 3322, 3323, 3512, 3671 to 3673, 3675, 3679, 3680, 3681, 3684, and 3689 of this title and section 2006 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3031, 3034, 3108, 3301, 3311, 3313, 3315, 3315A, 3319, 3322, 3680, and 3684 of this title and sec- tion 2006 of Title 10] may be cited as the ‘Post-9/11 Vet- erans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of 2010’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2010 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–275, § 1(a), Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2864, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 2021A and 2108 of this title and sections 4041 to 4043 of Title 50, War and National Defense, amending sections 107, 315, 503, 1114, 1311, 1318, 1503, 1521, 1541, 1542, 1717, 1785, 1922A, 1967, 1968, 1977, 1980, 1980A, 2021, 2044, 2106, 2301, 2303, 2306, 2402, 3120, 3313, 3316, 3318, 3319, 3321, 3485, 3512, 3684, 3692, 3729, 3732, 3733, 3901, 3902, 4102A, 4303, 4324, 5111, 5503, 5510, 5723, 5727, 7325, 7903, 8104, 8111A, 8117, and 8127 of this title, section 1316 of Title 2, The Congress, sec- tion 416 of Title 3, The President, and sections 3937, 3951 to 3953, and 3955 to 3958 of Title 50, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 107, 1114, 1318, 1503, 1521, 1922A, 1968, 1977, 1980, 1980A, 2106, 2303, 2400, 2402, 3120, 3317, 3485, 3732, 3901, 3902, 4102A, 4301, 4303, 5111, and 8127 of this title and section 2913 of Title 29, Labor, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1117, 1980A, and 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Act of 2010’.’’ Pub. L. 111–275, title I, § 104(a), Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2867, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 8127 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8127 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Small Business Verification Act’.’’ Pub. L. 111–275, title V, § 502(a), Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2882, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sections 107, 2301, 2306, and 2402 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 107 and 2402 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Corey Shea Act’.’’ Pub. L. 111–247, § 1, Sept. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 2623, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as [the] ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2010’.’’ Pub. L. 111–163, § 1(a), May 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 1130, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting chapter 75 and sections 118, 1720G, 1730A, 1786, 7311A, 7321A, 7459, and 7618 of this title, amending sections 111, 542, 544, 902, 903, 1705, 1710, 1710E, 1712A, 1717, 1720, 1720D, 1729, 1781, 1782, 2012, 7306, 7311, 7332, 7361 to 7364, 7366, 7401, 7403 to 7405, 7410, 7431, 7451 to 7456, 7456A, 7612, 7618, and 7681 to 7683 of this title, renumbering sections 7364A and 7618 of this title as sections 7365 and 7619, respectively, repealing sec- tions 7365 and 8107 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 111, 523, 542, 1703, 1710, 1712, 1712A, 1717, 1720G, 7306, 7404, 7431, 7501, and 7681 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 527 and 1703 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2009 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–81, § 1, Oct. 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 2137, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 117 of this title, amending section 1105 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 117 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Care Budget Reform and Transparency Act of 2009’.’’ Pub. L. 111–37, § 1, June 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1927, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, and 1313 to 1315 of this title and enacting pro- visions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 2009’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–389, § 1(a), Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4145, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 321, 322, 521A, Page 24 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 532, 546, 1156, 3122, 4327, 4335, 5121A, 7288, and 7732A of this title and section 3956 of Title 50, War and National Defense, amending this section, sections 502, 544, 1112, 1161, 1922, 1965, 1967 to 1969, 1973, 2103, 2306, 3105, 3120, 3512, 3673, 3676, 3677, 3686, 3691, 3703, 3707, 3707A, 3710, 4103, 4110A, 4322 to 4324, 4332, 5103, 5317, 7253, 7257, 7268, 7285, 7296, 7731, and 8127 of this title, section 3711 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 3937 of Title 50, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 322, 521A, 1156, 1161, 1967 to 1969, 1973, 2306, 3703, 4332, 5101, 5103, 5121A, 5302A, and 7732A of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 5101 of this title and section 1212 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act of 2008’.’’ Pub. L. 110–387, § 1(a), Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4110, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1729B, 2044, 7330A, and 8119 of this title, amending sections 111, 542, 1701, 1703, 1708, 1710, 1710A, 1712A, 1725, 1728, 1729, 1782, 1803, 2013, 2022, 2023, 2043, 2065, 4110, 7314, 7320, 7321, 7325, 7328, 7402, 7458, 8104, and 8117 of this title, repealing sec- tion 7368 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 111, 1701, 1703, 1712A, 1720A, 1803, 2044, 7311, and 8119 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1710B and 1712A of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 7333 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Mental Health and Other Care Improvements Act of 2008’.’’ Pub. L. 110–324, § 1, Sept. 24, 2008, 122 Stat. 3549, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, 1313, and 1314 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 2008’.’’ Pub. L. 110–252, title I, § 1303(d), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2328, provided that: ‘‘This section [enacting section 5302A of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 5302A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Combat Veterans Debt Elimination Act of 2008’.’’ Pub. L. 110–252, title V, § 5001, June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2357, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting chapter 33 of this title and sections 16132a and 16163a of Title 10, Armed Forces, amending sections 3015, 3020, 3033, 3485, 3674, 3688 to 3690, 3692, 3695, 3697, and 3697A of this title and sections 16133 and 16163 of Title 10, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3015 and 3301 of this title and section 16163 of Title 10] may be cited as the ‘Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2007 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–157, § 1(a), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1831, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 5317A of this title, amending sections 1114, 1160, 2306, 2408, and 3485 of this title and section 653 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2306 and 2408 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Dr. James Allen Veteran Vision Equity Act of 2007’.’’ Pub. L. 110–111, § 1, Nov. 5, 2007, 121 Stat. 1035, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2007’.’’ Pub. L. 110–110, § 1, Nov. 5, 2007, 121 Stat. 1031, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1720F of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1720F of this title] may be cited as the ‘Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–461, § 1(a), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3403, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits, Health Care, and Information Technology Act of 2006’.’’ Pub. L. 109–461, title IX, § 901, Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3450, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting subchapter III of chapter 57 and chapter 79 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Information Se- curity Enhancement Act of 2006’.’’ Pub. L. 109–444, § 1(a), Dec. 21, 2006, 120 Stat. 3304, which provided that the Act (see Tables for classifica- tion) could be cited as the ‘‘Veterans Programs Exten- sion Act of 2006’’, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–461, title X, § 1006(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3468, set out below. Pub. L. 109–361, § 1, Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2062, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1311 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tion 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2006’.’’ Pub. L. 109–233, § 1(a), June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 397, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Housing Opportunity and Benefits Improvement Act of 2006’.’’ Pub. L. 109–228, § 1, May 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 387, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 2413 of this title, sec- tion 1387 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and provisions set out as a note under section 2413 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Respect for America’s Fallen Heroes Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2005 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 109–111, § 1, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2362, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, 1313, and 1314 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 2005’.’’ Pub. L. 109–80, § 1, Sept. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2045, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1967, 1969, 1970, and 1977 of this title and enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1967 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance Enhancement Act of 2005’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2004 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 108–454, § 1(a), Dec. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 3598, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004’.’’ Pub. L. 108–454, title I, § 101, Dec. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 3600, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending sections 3011, 3012, 3032, 3232, 3452, 3501, 3512, 3532, 3672, 3675, 3677, 3684, 3687, and 3694 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3032, 3233, 3675, and 3687 of this title and section 16131 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Earn and Learn Act of 2004’.’’ Pub. L. 108–445, § 1, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2636, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 7456A of this title, amending sections 7404, 7431 to 7433, and 7452 of this title, omitting sections 7434 to 7440 of this title, and en- acting provisions set out as notes under section 7431 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004’.’’ Pub. L. 108–422, § 1(a), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2379, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1744, 7327, 7328, and 8118 of this title, amending sections 305, 1703, 1710B, 1720D, 1741, 2013, 7401, 7803, 8104, 8109, 8111, 8122, and 8164 to 8166 of this title, repealing section 8116 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1710B, 1744, 7327, 7328, 7451, 8110, and 8118 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under sec- tion 1710B of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 2004’.’’ Pub. L. 108–363, § 1, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1705, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2004’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2003 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 108–183, § 1(a), Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2651, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1821, 4113, 5109B, and 7112 of this title and section 657f of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amending sections 103, 107, 315, Page 25 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 544, 1104, 1112, 1303, 1311, 1322, 1729A, 1804, 1811, 1831, 1834, 1917, 1952, 1974, 2101, 2102, 2303, 2307, 2402, 2408, 3015, 3452, 3462, 3471, 3485, 3512, 3532, 3534, 3542, 3564, 3675, 3687, 3692, 3702, 3729, 3732, 3733, 3902, 4102A, 5101, 5102, 5103, 5121, 5301, 5317, 5318, 6105, and 7723 of this title, repealing sec- tions 3698 and 3699 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 103, 107, 1154, 1917, 2102, 2402, 3452, 3462, 3485, 3512, 3532, 3698, 3729, 4102A, 4113, 5101, 5102, 5103, 5121, 6105, and 7723 of this title, amending pro- visions set out as a note under section 103 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 5101 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits Act of 2003’.’’ Pub. L. 108–170, § 1(a), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2042, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 7307 and 7364A of this title, amending sections 516, 1701, 1710, 1710A, 1712, 1718, 1720, 1722A, 1734, 2041, 2065, 7303, 7316, 7321, 7366, 7368, 7401 to 7405, 7409, 7421, 7454, 7802, 8104, 8107, 8121, 8153, and 8163 to 8165 of this title and section 1680f of Title 25, Indians, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 7316, 7401, 7454, and 8121 of this title and section 1680f of Title 25, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1710B and 1712A of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Care, Cap- ital Asset, and Business Improvement Act of 2003’.’’ Pub. L. 108–147, § 1, Dec. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1885, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2003’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 107–330, § 1(a), Dec. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 2820, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 3707A of this title, amending sections 103, 107, 112, 1114, 1115, 1160, 1162, 1311, 1313, 1314, 1562, 1701, 1705, 1707, 1710, 1729B, 1781, 2106, 2301, 2306, 2411, 3011, 3014A, 3018C, 3031, 3035, 3103, 3485, 3512, 3674, 3689, 3703, 3734, 7261, 7292, and 7315 of this title, section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 3911 of Title 50, War and National De- fense, enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 103, 112, 1562, 2306, 2409, 3035, 3103, 3512, 3703, 3729, 7261, and 7292 of this title and section 2412 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and amending provi- sions set out as notes under sections 2306 and 2400 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits Act of 2002’.’’ Pub. L. 107–288, § 1(a), Nov. 7, 2002, 116 Stat. 2033, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 4112 and 4215 of this title, amending sections 3117, 4101 to 4104, 4106, 4107, 4109, 4211, 4212, and 4214 of this title, repealing sec- tion 4104A of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4100, 4101, 4102, 4102A, 4103A, 4106, 4107, 4211, 4214, and 4215 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Jobs for Veterans Act’.’’ Pub. L. 107–287, § 1, Nov. 7, 2002, 116 Stat. 2024, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1785, 7325, 7326, and 8117 of this title, amending sections 308 and 8111A of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Or- ganization and Employees, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 7325 and 7326 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 8117 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002’.’’ Pub. L. 107–247, § 1, Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1517, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2002’.’’ Pub. L. 107–135, § 1(a), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2446, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1782 to 1784 and 7324 of this title, amending sections 103, 1701, 1705 to 1707, 1710, 1711, 1712A, 1714, 1729, 1729A, 1781, 7303, 7306, 7426, 7451, 7454, 7631, 7672, 7673, 7682, 7683, 8110 to 8111A, 8152, 8502, 8520, and 8521 of this title and sections 8415 and 8422 of Title 5, Government Organization and Em- ployees, renumbering section 1713 of this title as sec- tion 1781 of this title, repealing sections 7676 and 7684 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1705, 1710, 7303, 7311, 7324, 7451, 7454, 7631, and 7682 of this title and section 8415 of Title 5] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Programs Enhancement Act of 2001’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2001 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 107–103, § 1(a), Dec. 27, 2001, 115 Stat. 976, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Education and Benefits Expansion Act of 2001’.’’ Pub. L. 107–95, § 1(a), Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 903, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting chapter 20 of this title, amending sections 1706, 1720A, 2031, 2033, 2034, 2051, 2052, 4103A, 4104, 8122, and 8162 of this title and sections 1437f and 11312 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, re- numbering sections 1771 to 1774 of this title as sections 2031 to 2034 of this title, respectively, section 3735 of this title as section 2041 of this title, and sections 3772 to 3775 of this title as sections 2051 to 2054 of this title, respectively, repealing sections 3771 and 4111 of this title and section 11448 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2001, 2061, and 8162 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 7721 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Homeless Veterans Comprehensive Assistance Act of 2001’.’’ Pub. L. 107–94, § 1(a), Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 900, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, 1313, and 1314 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Rate Amendments of 2001’.’’ Pub. L. 107–14, § 1(a), June 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 25, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Survivor Benefits Im- provements Act of 2001’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 106–475, § 1, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2096, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 5100, 5102 to 5103A, and 5126 of this title, amending sections 5106 and 5107 of this title, repealing former sections 5102 and 5103 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5107 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000’.’’ Pub. L. 106–419, § 1(a), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1822, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits and Health Care Improvement Act of 2000’.’’ Pub. L. 106–413, § 1, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1798, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 2000’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1999 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 106–118, § 1(a), Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1601, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, 1313, and 1314 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 1999’.’’ Pub. L. 106–117, § 1(a), Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1545, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Millennium Health Care and Benefits Act’.’’ Pub. L. 106–117, title V, § 501(a), Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1573, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 1318 of this title] may be cited as the ‘John William Rolen Act’.’’ Pub. L. 106–117, title X, § 1001, Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1587, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 7257 and 7299 of this title, amending sections 7253, 7254, 7281, and 7296 to 7298 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 7253 and 7296 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Amendments of 1999’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1998 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 105–368, § 1(a), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3315, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] Page 26 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 may be cited as the ‘Veterans Programs Enhancement Act of 1998’.’’ Pub. L. 105–368, title VIII, § 801, Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3352, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 7671 to 7676 and 7681 to 7684 of this title, amending sections 7601 to 7604, 7632, and 7636 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 7601 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Af- fairs Health Care Personnel Incentive Act of 1998’.’’ Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XVI, § 1601, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–742, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1118 of this title, amending sections 1113 and 1117 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1117 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Persian Gulf War Veterans Act of 1998’.’’ Pub. L. 105–178, title VIII, § 8201, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 492, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 8201–8209) of title VIII of Pub. L. 105–178, amending sections 1110, 1131, 1311, 2102, 3015, and 3902 of this title and section 16131 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enact- ing provisions set out as notes under sections 1311, 1521, 2102, 3015, and 3902 of this title and sections 1174 and 16131 of Title 10] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Benefits Act of 1998’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1997 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 105–114, § 1(a), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2277, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 319, 516, 1771 to 1774, and 7322 of this title, amending sections 1710, 1717, 1720, 1720A, 1720C, 1801, 1804, 1806, 2303, 3015, 3018C, 3680A, 3735, 3761, 3762, 5310, 7618, 8153, and 8169 of this title and sections 11448 and 11450 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing section 8168 of this title, enact- ing provisions set out as notes under sections 319, 516, 1710, 1801, 7322, and 7611 of this title, amending provi- sions set out as a note under section 7721 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 527, 1712, 1718, and 7721 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Act of 1997’.’’ Pub. L. 105–98, § 1(a), Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2155, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1114, 1115, 1162, 1311, 1313, and 1314 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Rate Amendments of 1997’.’’ Pub. L. 105–33, title VIII, § 8001(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 663, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 1103, 1303, and 1729A of this title, amending sections 712, 1710, 1722A, 1729, 3720, 3726, 3729, 3732, 5302, 5317, and 5503 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 712, 1729, 1729A, and 3726 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1710 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Rec- onciliation Act of 1997’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 104–275, § 1(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3322, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Improvements Act of 1996’.’’ Pub. L. 104–275, title IV, § 401, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3337, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending sections 1315, 1965, 1967 to 1971, 1973, 1974, 1977, 3017, and 3224 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tions 1965 and 1968 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Insurance Reform Act of 1996’.’’ Pub. L. 104–263, § 1, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3212, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 1996’.’’ Pub. L. 104–262, § 1(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3177, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health Care Eligibility Reform Act of 1996’.’’ Pub. L. 104–106, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 556, provided that: ‘‘This section [enact- ing section 3708 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 3708 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Military Housing Assistance Act of 1995’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1995 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–57, § 1, Nov. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 555, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 1995’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 103–452, § 1(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4783, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Programs Exten- sion Act of 1994’.’’ Pub. L. 103–446, § 1(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4645, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Improvements Act of 1994’.’’ Pub. L. 103–446, title I, § 101, Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4647, provided that: ‘‘This Act [probably means title I of Pub. L. 103–446, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Persian Gulf War Veterans’ Benefits Act’.’’ Pub. L. 103–418, § 1, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4336, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1114 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjust- ment Act of 1994’.’’ Pub. L. 103–353, § 1, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3149, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994’.’’ Pub. L. 103–271, § 1, July 1, 1994, 108 Stat. 740, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Board of Veterans’ Appeals Administrative Procedures Improvement Act of 1994’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1993 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 103–140, § 1(a), Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1485, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Rates Amendments of 1993’.’’ Pub. L. 103–66, title XII, § 12001, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 413, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classifica- tion] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Reconciliation Act of 1993’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1992 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 102–590, § 1, Nov. 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 5136, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Homeless Veterans Comprehensive Service Programs Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–585, § 1(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4943, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Care Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–585, title I, § 101, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4944, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Women Veterans Health Programs Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–578, § 1, Oct. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 4774, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Radiation Exposure Amendments of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–568, § 1(a), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4320, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–568, title I, § 101, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4321, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Dependency and Indem- nity Compensation Reform Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–547, § 1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3633, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Home Loan Program Amendments of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–510, § 1, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3318, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 1992’.’’ Pub. L. 102–405, § 1(a), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1972, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Medical Programs Amendments of 1992’.’’ Page 27 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 SHORT TITLE OF 1991 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 102–152, § 1(a), Nov. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 985, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Rate Amendments of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–127, § 1, Oct. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 619, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Educational Assistance Amend- ments of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–86, § 1(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 414, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Programs Im- provement Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–83, § 1(a), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 378, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Codification Act’.’’ Pub. L. 102–40, § 1(a), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 187, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Health-Care Personnel Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–40, title I, § 101, May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 187, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Physician and Dentist Recruitment and Retention Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–40, title II, § 201, May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 200, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Labor Relations Improvement Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–25, title III, § 331, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 88, provided that: ‘‘This part [part C (§§ 331–341) of title III of Pub. L. 102–25, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Persian Gulf War Veterans’ Benefits Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–4, § 1, Feb. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 11, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Agent Orange Act of 1991’.’’ Pub. L. 102–3, § 1(a), Feb. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 7, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Amendments of 1991’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–366, § 1, Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 430, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Department of Veterans Affairs Nurse Pay Act of 1990’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1989 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 101–237, § 1(a), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2062, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Amendments of 1989’.’’ Pub. L. 101–237, title III, § 301, Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2069, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Home Loan In- demnity and Restructuring Act of 1989’.’’ Pub. L. 101–237, title IV, § 401, Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2078, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classi- fication] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Education and Employment Amendments of 1989’.’’ Pub. L. 101–94, § 1, Aug. 16, 1989, 103 Stat. 617, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Court of Veterans Appeals Judges Retire- ment Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 100–689, § 1, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4161, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits and Programs Improvement Act of 1988’.’’ Pub. L. 100–687, div. A, § 1(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4105, provided that: ‘‘This division [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Judicial Re- view Act’.’’ Pub. L. 100–687, div. B, § 1001(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4122, provided that: ‘‘This division [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Im- provement Act of 1988’.’’ For short title of Pub. L. 100–527 as the ‘‘Department of Veterans Affairs Act’’, see section 1 of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a note under section 301 of this title. Pub. L. 100–323, § 1(a), May 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 556, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Employment, Training, and Counseling Amendments of 1988’.’’ Pub. L. 100–322, § 1(a), May 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 487, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits and Services Act of 1988’.’’ Pub. L. 100–321, § 1, May 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 485, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Radiation-Exposed Veterans Compensa- tion Act of 1988’.’’ Pub. L. 100–253, § 1, Feb. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 20, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Home Loan Program Emergency Amendments of 1988’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 100–227, § 1(a), Dec. 31, 1987, 101 Stat. 1552, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of- Living Adjustment Act of 1987’.’’ Pub. L. 100–198, § 1(a), Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1315, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Home Loan Program Im- provements and Property Rehabilitation Act of 1987’.’’ Pub. L. 100–48, § 1, June 1, 1987, 101 Stat. 331, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘New GI Bill Continuation Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 99–576, § 1(a), Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3248, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Improvement and Health-Care Authorization Act of 1986’.’’ Pub. L. 99–272, title XIX, § 19001(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 372, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health-Care Amendments of 1986’.’’ Pub. L. 99–238, § 1, Jan. 13, 1986, 99 Stat. 1765, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation Rate Increase and Job Training Amendments of 1985’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–166, § 1(a), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 941, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Health-Care Amendments of 1985’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 98–543, § 1(a), Oct. 24, 1984, 98 Stat. 2735, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act of 1984’.’’ For short title of Pub. L. 98–542 as the ‘‘Veterans’ Dioxin and Radiation Exposure Compensation Stand- ards Act’’, see section 1 of Pub. L. 98–542, set out as a note under section 1154 of this title. Pub. L. 98–528, § 1(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2686, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health Care Act of 1984’.’’ Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, § 701, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2553, as amended by Pub. L. 100–48, § 2, June 1, 1987, 101 Stat. 331, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Montgomery GI Bill Act of 1984’.’’ Pub. L. 98–223, § 1(a), Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 37, provided: ‘‘That (a) this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation and Program Im- provements Amendments of 1984’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1983 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–160, § 1(a), Nov. 21, 1983, 97 Stat. 993, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] Page 28 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health Care Amend- ments of 1983’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1982 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 97–306, § 1(a), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1429, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation, Edu- cation, and Employment Amendments of 1982’.’’ Pub. L. 97–251, § 1(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 711, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Health- Care Programs Improvement and Extension Act of 1982’.’’ Pub. L. 97–174, § 1, May 4, 1982, 96 Stat. 70, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration and Department of Defense Health Resources Sharing and Emergency Operations Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1981 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 97–72, § 1(a), Nov. 3, 1981, 95 Stat. 1047, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health Care, Training, and Small Business Loan Act of 1981’.’’ Pub. L. 97–72, title III, § 301, Nov. 3, 1981, 95 Stat. 1055, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Small Business Loan Act of 1981’.’’ Pub. L. 97–66, § 1(a), Oct. 17, 1981, 95 Stat. 1026, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Disability Compensa- tion, Housing, and Memorial Benefits Amendments of 1981’.’’ Pub. L. 97–37, § 1(a), Aug. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 935, pro- vided that: ‘‘this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Former Prisoner of War Benefits Act of 1981’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1980 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 96–466, § 1(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2171, pro- vided that: ‘‘this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Rehabilitation and Education Amendments of 1980’.’’ Pub. L. 96–385, § 1(a), Oct. 7, 1980, 94 Stat. 1528, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Disability Compensation and Housing Benefits Amendments of 1980’.’’ Pub. L. 96–330, § 1(a), Aug. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1030, pro- vided that: ‘‘this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Health-Care Amendments of 1980’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1979 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 96–151, § 1(a), Dec. 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 1092, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Programs Exten- sion and Improvement Act of 1979’.’’ Pub. L. 96–128, § 1, Nov. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 982, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Disability Compensation and Survivors’ Benefits Amendments of 1979’.’’ Pub. L. 96–22, § 1(a), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 47, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Health Care Amendments of 1979’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1978 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 95–588, § 1, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2497, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ and Survivors’ Pension Improve- ment Act of 1978’.’’ Pub. L. 95–520, § 1, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1820, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Programs Ex- tension Act of 1978’.’’ Pub. L. 95–479, § 1(a), Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1560, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Disability Compensation and Survivors’ Benefits Act of 1978’.’’ Pub. L. 95–476, § 1(a), Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1497, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Housing Benefits Act of 1978’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1977 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 95–204, § 1, Dec. 2, 1977, 91 Stat. 1455, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] be cited as the ‘Veterans and Survivors Pension Adjustment Act of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 95–202, § 1, Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1433, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘GI Bill Improvement Act of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 95–201, § 1, Nov. 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 1429, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Physician and Dentist Pay Comparability Amendments of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 95–117, § 1, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1063, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Disability Compensation and Survivor Benefits Act of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 95–62, § 1, July 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 262, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘State Veterans’ Home Assistance Improve- ment Act of 1977’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1976 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 94–581, § 1, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2842, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Omnibus Health Care Act of 1976’.’’ Pub. L. 94–581, title II, § 201, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2855, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Medical Technical and Conforming Amendments of 1976’.’’ Pub. L. 94–502, § 1, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2383, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Education and Employment As- sistance Act of 1976’.’’ Pub. L. 94–502, § 401, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2392, pro- vided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Post-Vietnam Era Veterans’ Edu- cational Assistance Act of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 94–433, § 1, Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1374, pro- vided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Disability Compensation and Survivor Benefits Act of 1976’.’’ Pub. L. 94–432, § 1, Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1369, pro- vided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans and Survivors Pension Adjustment Act of 1976’.’’ Pub. L. 94–324, § 1, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 720, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Housing Amendments Act of 1976’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1975 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 94–169, § 1, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1013, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans and Survivors Pension Interim Adjustment Act of 1975’.’’ Pub. L. 94–123, § 1, Oct. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 669, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Physician and Dentist Pay Comparability Act of 1975’.’’ Pub. L. 94–71, § 1, Aug. 5, 1975, 89 Stat. 395, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Disability Compensation and Survivor Benefits Act of 1975’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1974 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 93–602, title II, § 201, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1958, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Education and Rehabili- tation Equalization Amendments Act of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–569, § 1, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1863, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Housing Act of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–538, § 1, Dec. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 1736, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be Page 29 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 101 cited as the ‘Disabled Veterans’ and Servicemen’s Automobile and Adaptive Equipment Amendments of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–527, § 1, Dec. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1702, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans and Survivors Pension Adjust- ment Act of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–508, § 1, Dec. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1578, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment As- sistance Act of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–295, § 1, May 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 180, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Disability Compensation and Survivor Benefits Act of 1974’.’’ Pub. L. 93–289, § 1, May 24, 1974, 88 Stat. 165, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Insurance Act of 1974’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1973 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 93–82, § 1, Aug. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 179, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Health Care Expansion Act of 1973’.’’ Pub. L. 93–43, § 1, June 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 75, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘National Cemeteries Act of 1973’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1972 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 92–541, § 1, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1100, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Administration Medical School Assistance and Health Manpower Training Act of 1972’.’’ Pub. L. 92–540, § 1, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1074, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment As- sistance Act of 1972’.’’ Pub. L. 92–540, title V, § 501, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1094, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Employment and Read- justment Act of 1972’.’’ Pub. L. 92–328, § 1, June 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 393, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Compensation and Relief Act of 1972’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1971 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–666, § 1, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 1998, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Disabled Veterans’ and Servicemen’s Automobile Assistance Act of 1970’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1970 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 91–506, § 1, Oct. 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 1108, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Housing Act of 1970’.’’ Pub. L. 91–219, § 1, Mar. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 76, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Education and Training Amend- ments Act of 1970’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1967 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 90–77, § 1, Aug. 31, 1967, 81 Stat. 178, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Pension and Readjustment As- sistance Act of 1967’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1966 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 89–785, § 1, Nov. 7, 1966, 80 Stat. 1368, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans Hospitalization and Medical Services Modernization Amendments of 1966’.’’ Pub. L. 89–358, § 1, Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 12, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Readjustment Benefits Act of 1966’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1959 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 86–211, § 1, Aug. 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 432, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Veterans’ Pension Act of 1959’.’’ CONSTRUCTION OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–168, title IV, § 407, Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1785, provided that: ‘‘(a) GENERALLY.—Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2022 Amendment note set out above] shall be construed to prevent the Secretary of Veterans Affairs from processing claims for benefits under title 38, United States Code, for a condition or disease for which this Act establishes a presumption of service connec- tion, as a claim for benefits for a condition or disease with direct service connection. ‘‘(b) EFFECTIVE DATES AND APPLICABILITY.—The Sec- retary shall not deny a claim for benefits under title 38, United States Code, for a condition or disease for which this Act establishes a presumption of service connec- tion because the claimant filed the claim prior to the effective date or date of applicability for that par- ticular condition or disease.’’ CONSTRUCTION OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(y), Aug. 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 1116, pro- vided that: ‘‘Nothing in this section [enacting sections 5104A to 5104C and 7113 of this title, amending this sec- tion and sections 5103 to 5104, 5108, 5109, 5109B, 5110, 5111, 5701, 5904, 7103 to 7105A, and 7111 of this title, repealing sections 7106 and 7109 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under this section and section 5108 of this title] or any of the amendments made by this section shall be construed to limit the ability of a claimant to request a revision of a decision under sec- tion 5109A or 7111 of title 38, United States Code.’’ [For definition of ‘‘claimant’’ as used in section 2(y) of Pub. L. 115–55, set out above, see section 6 of Pub. L. 115–55, set out in a note under section 5101 of this title.] TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relat- ing thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Secu- rity, and the Department of Homeland Security Reor- ganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. AMENDMENTS TO TABLES OF CONTENTS BY PUB. L. 117–168 Pub. L. 117–168, § 1(b)(2), Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1759, provided that: ‘‘Except as otherwise expressly provided, when an amendment made by this Act to title 38, United States Code [see Tables for classification], adds a section or larger organizational unit to that title or amends the designation or heading of a section or larg- er organizational unit in that title, that amendment also shall have the effect of amending any table of sec- tions in that title to alter the table to conform to the changes made by the amendment.’’ HONORING AS VETERANS CERTAIN PERSONS WHO PER- FORMED SERVICE IN THE RESERVE COMPONENTS OF THE ARMED FORCES Pub. L. 114–315, title III, § 305, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1552, provided that: ‘‘Any person who is entitled under chapter 1223 of title 10, United States Code, to retired pay for nonregular service or, but for age, would be en- titled under such chapter to retired pay for nonregular service shall be honored as a veteran but shall not be entitled to any benefit by reason of this honor.’’ COORDINATION OF PROVISIONS WITH PUB. L. 109–444 Pub. L. 109–461, title X, § 1006(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3468, provided that: ‘‘If this Act is enacted after Page 30 TITLE 38—VETERANS’ BENEFITS § 102 the enactment of the Veterans Programs Extension Act of 2006 [Pub. L. 109–444, approved Dec. 21, 2006], then as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2006], the Veterans Programs Extension Act of 2006 [see Ta- bles for classification] and the amendments made by that Act shall be deemed for all purposes not to have taken effect and the Veterans Programs Extension Act of 2006 and the amendments made by that Act shall cease to be in effect.’’ REDESIGNATION OF SECTIONS; COORDINATION OF REDES- IGNATIONS WITH OTHER AMENDMENTS BY PUB. L. 102–83 Pub. L. 102–83, § 5, Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, provided that: ‘‘(a) REDESIGNATION OF SECTIONS TO CONFORM TO CHAPTER NUMBERS.—Each section contained in any of chapters 11 through 23 is redesignated by replacing the first digit of the section number with the number of the chapter containing that section. Each section con- tained in any of chapters 24 through 42 is redesignated so that the first two digits of the section number of that section are the same as the chapter number of the chapter containing that section. ‘‘(b) TABLES OF SECTIONS AND CHAPTERS.—(1) The ta- bles of sections at the beginning of the chapters re- ferred to in subsection (a) are revised so as to conform the section references in those tables to the redesigna- tions made by that subsection. ‘‘(2) The table of chapters before part I and the tables of chapters at the beginning of parts I, II, and III are revised so as to conform the section references in those tables to the redesignations made by subsection (a). ‘‘(c) CROSS-REFERENCES.—(1) Each provision of title 38, United States Code, that contains a reference to a section redesignated by subsection (a) is amended so that the reference refers to the section as redesignated. ‘‘(2) Any reference in a provision of law other than title 38, United States Code, to a section redesignated by subsection (a) shall be deemed to refer to the section as so redesignated. ‘‘(d) RULE FOR EXECUTION.—The redesignations made by subsection (a) and the amendments made by sub- sections (b) and (c) shall be executed after any other amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classi- fication].’’ STUDY OF BENEFITS PAYABLE TO PERSONS RESIDING OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES; REPORT AND REC- OMMENDATIONS NOT LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1980 Pub. L. 96–22, title IV, § 402, June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 63, authorized Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs, in con- sultation with Secretary of State, to carry out a com- prehensive study of benefits payable under this title to persons residing outside the fifty States and the Dis- trict of Columbia and required submission of a report to Congress and to President on results of such study not later than Feb. 1, 1980. DISABILITY COMPENSATION OR DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPENSATION AWARD; EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 91–621, § 6(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1864, pro- vided effective date for an award by Veteran’s Adminis- tration arising from injury or death occurring prior to Dec. 31, 1970, and based on a claim arising from amend- ments made to pars. (21)(C) and (25)(F) of this section and section 5305 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–372, title II, § 271(3), Dec. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 3094. SECRETARY AND DEPARTMENT DEFINED Pub. L. 106–117, § 3, Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1547, pro- vided that: ‘‘For purposes of this Act [see Tables for classification]— ‘‘(1) the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs; and ‘‘(2) the term ‘Department’ means the Department of Veterans Affairs.’’ DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR FOR 1988 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 100–687, div. B, § 1002, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4122, provided that: ‘‘For purposes of this division [see Tables for classification], the term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs.’’ Pub. L. 100–322, § 3, May 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 489, provided that: ‘‘For purposes of this Act [see Tables for classi- fication], the term ‘Administrator’ means the Adminis- trator of Veterans’ Affairs.’’ Executive Documents PROC. NO. 4373. TERMINAL DATE RESPECTING SERVICE DURING VIETNAM ERA Proc. No. 4373, May 7, 1975, 40 F.R. 20257, provided: The Congress has provided that entitlement to cer- tain veterans benefits be limited to persons serving in the Armed Forces during the period, beginning August 5, 1964, referred to as the Vietnam era. The President is authorized to determine the last day on which a person must have entered the active military, naval, or air service during that period. The signing of the cease-fire agreements and imple- menting protocols on January 27, 1973, between the United States of America and the Republic of Vietnam, on the one hand, and the Democratic Republic of Viet- nam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam on the other hand, has terminated active participation by the Armed Forces of the United States in the Vietnam conflict. NOW, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the au- thority vested in me by Section 101(29) of Title 38 of the United States Code, do hereby proclaim, for the pur- poses of said Section 101(29), that May 7, 1975, is des- ignated as the last day of the ‘‘Vietnam era.’’ IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of May in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred nine- ty-ninth. GERALD R. FORD. § 102. Dependent parents (a) Dependency of a parent, which may arise before or after the death of a veteran, shall be determined in accordance with regulations pre- scribed by the Secretary. (b) Dependency of a parent shall not be denied (1) solely because of remarriage, or (2) in any case in any State where the monthly income for a mother or father does not exceed minimum levels which the Secretary shall prescribe by regulation, giving due regard to the marital sta- tus of the mother or father and additional mem- bers of the family whom the mother or father is under a moral or legal obligation to support. (c) For the purposes of this section, in deter- mining monthly income the Secretary shall not consider any payments under laws administered by the Secretary because of disability or death or payments of bonus or similar cash gratuity by any State based upon service in the Armed Forces. (Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 89–358, § 4(e), (f), Mar. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 92–540, title IV, § 408, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 94–432, title IV, § 402, Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 99–576, title VII, § 701(1), Oct. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 3289; Pub. L. 102–54, § 14(a)(2), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(a)(1), (b)(1), (2)(E), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 403–405.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1991—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(b)(1), (2)(E), substituted ‘‘Secretary’’ for ‘‘Administrator’’.