54 U.S.C. § 100707 — Confidentiality of information

Page 19 TITLE 54—NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND RELATED PROGRAMS § 100707 (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3105.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100702 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5932. Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 202, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3499. § 100703. Cooperative study units The Secretary shall enter into cooperative agreements with colleges and universities, in- cluding land grant schools, in partnership with other Federal and State agencies, to establish cooperative study units to conduct multi-dis- ciplinary research and develop integrated infor- mation products on the resources of the System, or the larger region of which System units are a part. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3105.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100703 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5933(a). Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 203(a), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3500. § 100704. Inventory and monitoring program The Secretary shall undertake a program of inventory and monitoring of System resources to establish baseline information and to provide information on the long-term trends in the con- dition of System resources. The monitoring pro- gram shall be developed in cooperation with other Federal monitoring and information col- lection efforts to ensure a cost-effective ap- proach. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3105.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100704 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5934. Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 204, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3500. § 100705. Availability of System units for sci- entific study (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may solicit, receive, and consider requests from Federal or non-Federal public or private agencies, organi- zations, individuals, or other entities for the use of any System unit for purposes of scientific study. (b) CRITERIA.—A request for use of a System unit under subsection (a) may be approved only if the Secretary determines that the proposed study— (1) is consistent with applicable laws and Service management policies; and (2) will be conducted in a manner that poses no threat to the System unit resources or pub- lic enjoyment derived from System unit re- sources. (c) FEE WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive any System unit admission or recreational use fee in order to facilitate the conduct of sci- entific study under this section. (d) BENEFIT-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS.—The Secretary may negotiate for and enter into equi- table, efficient benefit-sharing arrangements with the research community and private indus- try. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3106.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100705 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5935. Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 205, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3500. § 100706. Integration of study results into man- agement decisions The Secretary shall take such measures as are necessary to ensure the full and proper utiliza- tion of the results of scientific study for System unit management decisions. In each case in which an action undertaken by the Service may cause a significant adverse effect on a System unit resource, the administrative record shall reflect the manner in which System unit re- source studies have been considered. The trend in the condition of resources of the System shall be a significant factor in the annual perform- ance evaluation of each superintendent of a Sys- tem unit. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3106.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100706 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5936. Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 206, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3500. § 100707. Confidentiality of information Information concerning the nature and spe- cific location of a System resource that is en- dangered, threatened, rare, or commercially val- uable, of mineral or paleontological objects within System units, or of objects of cultural patrimony within System units, may be with- held from the public in response to a request under section 552 of title 5 unless the Secretary determines that— (1) disclosure of the information would fur- ther the purposes of the System unit in which the resource or object is located and would not create an unreasonable risk of harm, theft, or destruction of the resource or object, includ- ing individual organic or inorganic specimens; and (2) disclosure is consistent with other laws protecting the resource or object. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3106.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100707 ......... 16 U.S.C. 5937. Pub. L. 105–391, title II, § 207, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3501. Page 20 TITLE 54—NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND RELATED PROGRAMS § 100721 SUBCHAPTER II—SYSTEM UNIT RESOURCE PROTECTION § 100721. Definitions In this subchapter: (1) DAMAGES.—The term ‘‘damages’’ in- cludes— (A) compensation for— (i)(I) the cost of replacing, restoring, or acquiring the equivalent of a System unit resource; and (II) the value of any significant loss of use of a System unit resource pending its restoration or replacement or the acquisi- tion of an equivalent resource; or (ii) the value of the System unit re- source if the System unit resource cannot be replaced or restored; and (B) the cost of a damage assessment under section 100723(b) of this title. (2) RESPONSE COSTS.—The term ‘‘response costs’’ means the costs of actions taken by the Secretary to— (A) prevent or minimize destruction or loss of or injury to a System unit resource; (B) abate or minimize the imminent risk of the destruction, loss, or injury; or (C) monitor ongoing effects of incidents causing the destruction, loss, or injury. (3) SYSTEM UNIT RESOURCE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘System unit resource’’ means any living or non-living re- source that is located within the boundaries of a System unit. (B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘System unit resource’’ does not include a resource owned by a non-Federal entity. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3106.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100721 ......... 16 U.S.C. 19jj. Pub. L. 101–337, § 1, July 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(h)(1), (2), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4199. In this section, the text of 16 U.S.C. 19jj(a) is omitted as unnecessary. The text of 16 U.S.C. 19jj(e) is omitted because the term ‘‘regimen’’ is not used in the revised title. The text of 16 U.S.C. 19jj(g) is omitted because a marine or aquatic park system resource is a kind of park system resource. § 100722. Liability (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (c), any person that destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any System unit resource is liable to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury. (b) LIABILITY IN REM.—Any instrumentality, including a vessel, vehicle, aircraft, or other equipment, that destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any System unit resource shall be liable in rem to the United States for response costs and damages resulting from the destruction, loss, or injury to the same extent as a person is liable under subsection (a). (c) DEFENSES.—A person is not liable under this section if the person establishes that— (1) the destruction, loss of, or injury to the System unit resource was caused solely by an act of God or an act of war; (2) the person acted with due care, and the destruction, loss of, or injury to the System unit resource was caused solely by an act or omission of a 3d party, other than an employee or agent of the person; or (3) the destruction, loss, or injury to the System unit resource was caused by an activ- ity authorized by Federal or State law. (d) SCOPE.—Liability under this section is in addition to any other liability that may arise under Federal or State law. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3107.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100722 ......... 16 U.S.C. 19jj–1. Pub. L. 101–337, § 2, July 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title VIII, § 814(h)(3), Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4199; Pub. L. 106–176, title I, § 120(c), Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 29. § 100723. Actions (a) CIVIL ACTION FOR RESPONSE COSTS AND DAMAGES.—The Attorney General, on request of the Secretary after a finding by the Secretary of destruction, loss, or injury to a System unit re- source or a finding that absent the undertaking of a response action, destruction, loss, or injury to a System unit resource would have occurred, may bring a civil action in United States dis- trict court against any person or instrumen- tality that may be liable under section 100722 of this title for response costs and damages. The Secretary shall submit a request for the civil ac- tion to the Attorney General whenever a person may be liable or an instrumentality may be lia- ble in rem for those costs and damages under section 100722 of this title. (b) RESPONSE ACTIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF DE- STRUCTION, LOSS, OR INJURY.— (1) ACTIONS TO PREVENT OR MINIMIZE DE- STRUCTION, LOSS, OR INJURY.—The Secretary shall undertake all necessary actions to— (A) prevent or minimize the destruction, loss of, or injury to System unit resources; or (B) minimize the imminent risk of destruc- tion, loss, or injury to System unit re- sources. (2) ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING.—The Sec- retary shall assess and monitor destruction, loss, or injury to System unit resources. (Pub. L. 113–287, § 3, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3107.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 100723 ......... 16 U.S.C. 19jj–2. Pub. L. 101–337, § 3, July 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 380. In this section, the words ‘‘destruction, loss, or in- jury’’ are substituted for ‘‘damage’’ in subsection (a) and for ‘‘damages’’ in subsection (b) for consistency in the new chapter and to distinguish destruction, loss, or injury from damages recovered in a civil action.