26 U.S.C. § 664 — Charitable remainder trusts

Page 1832 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 664 credited as a gift or bequest of a specific sum of money or of specific property and which is paid or credited all at once or in not more than 3 installments. For this purpose an amount which can be paid or credited only from the income of the estate or trust shall not be considered as a gift or bequest of a spe- cific sum of money. (2) Charitable, etc., distributions Any amount paid or permanently set aside or otherwise qualifying for the deduction pro- vided in section 642(c) (computed without re- gard to sections 508(d), 681, and 4948(c)(4)). (3) Denial of double deduction Any amount paid, credited, or distributed in the taxable year, if section 651 or section 661 applied to such amount for a preceding taxable year of an estate or trust because credited or required to be distributed in such preceding taxable year. (b) Distributions in first sixty-five days of tax- able year (1) General rule If within the first 65 days of any taxable year of an estate or a trust, an amount is properly paid or credited, such amount shall be considered paid or credited on the last day of the preceding taxable year. (2) Limitation Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any taxable year of an estate or a trust only if the executor of such estate or the fiduciary of such trust (as the case may be) elects, in such manner and at such time as the Secretary pre- scribes by regulations, to have paragraph (1) apply for such taxable year. (c) Separate shares treated as separate estates or trusts For the sole purpose of determining the amount of distributable net income in the appli- cation of sections 661 and 662, in the case of a single trust having more than one beneficiary, substantially separate and independent shares of different beneficiaries in the trust shall be treated as separate trusts. Rules similar to the rules of the preceding provisions of this sub- section shall apply to treat substantially sepa- rate and independent shares of different bene- ficiaries in an estate having more than 1 bene- ficiary as separate estates. The existence of such substantially separate and independent shares and the manner of treatment as separate trusts or estates, including the application of subpart D, shall be determined in accordance with regu- lations prescribed by the Secretary. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 222; Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 101(j)(17), title III, § 331(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 528, 598; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 105–34, title XIII, §§ 1306(a), (b), 1307(a), (b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1041.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1997—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1306(a), inserted ‘‘an estate or’’ before ‘‘a trust’’ in pars. (1) and (2). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1306(b), substituted ‘‘the executor of such estate or the fiduciary of such trust (as the case may be)’’ for ‘‘the fiduciary of such trust’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1307(a), (b), inserted ‘‘es- tates or’’ before ‘‘trusts’’ in heading, ‘‘Rules similar to the rules of the preceding provisions of this subsection shall apply to treat substantially separate and inde- pendent shares of different beneficiaries in an estate having more than 1 beneficiary as separate estates.’’ before last sentence, and ‘‘or estates’’ after ‘‘trusts’’ in last sentence. 1976—Subsecs. (b)(2), (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out ‘‘or his delegate’’ after ‘‘Secretary’’. 1969—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–172, § 101(j)(17), sub- stituted ‘‘sections 508(d), 681, and 4948(c)(4)’’ for ‘‘sec- tion 681’’. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–172, § 331(b), incorporated ex- isting provisions of subpar. (C) of former first sentence making subsec. (b) applicable only to a trust where the fiduciary elected to have the subsec. apply and part of former second sentence making the election applicable in accordance with prescribed regulations; substituted provisions for regulations to spell out manner and time of election for part of former second sentence requiring the election to be made not later than the time pre- scribed by law for filing the return for the year, includ- ing any extension; and omitted: subpars. (A) and (B) of former first sentence which had provided for applica- tion of subsec. (b) only to a trust ‘‘(A) which was in ex- istence prior to January 1, 1954’’ and ‘‘(B) which, under the terms of its governing instrument, may not dis- tribute in any taxable year amounts in excess of the in- come of the preceding taxable year’’; part of former second sentence which required the election to be made for first taxable year to which this part is applicable; and third sentence that ‘‘If such election is made with respect to a taxable year, this subsection shall apply to all amounts properly paid or credited within the first 65 days of all subsequent taxable years of such trust.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–34, title XIII, § 1306(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1041, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to tax- able years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997].’’ Pub. L. 105–34, title XIII, § 1307(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1041, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to es- tates of decedents dying after the date of the enact- ment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1969 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 101(j)(17) of Pub. L. 91–172 ef- fective Jan. 1, 1970, see section 101(k)(1) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4940 of this title. Amendment by section 331(b) of Pub. L. 91–172 appli- cable to taxable years beginning before Jan. 1, 1970, see section 331(d) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 665 of this title. § 664. Charitable remainder trusts (a) General rule Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the provisions of this section shall, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, apply in the case of a charitable re- mainder annuity trust and a charitable remain- der unitrust. (b) Character of distributions Amounts distributed by a charitable remain- der annuity trust or by a charitable remainder Page 1833 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 664 unitrust shall be considered as having the fol- lowing characteristics in the hands of a bene- ficiary to whom is paid the annuity described in subsection (d)(1)(A) or the payment described in subsection (d)(2)(A): (1) First, as amounts of income (other than gains, and amounts treated as gains, from the sale or other disposition of capital assets) in- cludible in gross income to the extent of such income of the trust for the year and such un- distributed income of the trust for prior years; (2) Second, as a capital gain to the extent of the capital gain of the trust for the year and the undistributed capital gain of the trust for prior years; (3) Third, as other income to the extent of such income of the trust for the year and such undistributed income of the trust for prior years; and (4) Fourth, as a distribution of trust corpus. For purposes of this section, the trust shall de- termine the amount of its undistributed capital gain on a cumulative net basis. (c) Taxation of trusts (1) Income tax A charitable remainder annuity trust and a charitable remainder unitrust shall, for any taxable year, not be subject to any tax im- posed by this subtitle. (2) Excise tax (A) In general In the case of a charitable remainder an- nuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust which has unrelated business tax- able income (within the meaning of section 512, determined as if part III of subchapter F applied to such trust) for a taxable year, there is hereby imposed on such trust or unitrust an excise tax equal to the amount of such unrelated business taxable income. (B) Certain rules to apply The tax imposed by subparagraph (A) shall be treated as imposed by chapter 42 for pur- poses of this title other than subchapter E of chapter 42. (C) Tax court proceedings For purposes of this paragraph, the ref- erences in section 6212(c)(1) to section 4940 shall be deemed to include references to this paragraph. (d) Definitions (1) Charitable remainder annuity trust For purposes of this section, a charitable re- mainder annuity trust is a trust— (A) from which a sum certain (which is not less than 5 percent nor more than 50 percent of the initial net fair market value of all property placed in trust) is to be paid, not less often than annually, to one or more per- sons (at least one of which is not an organi- zation described in section 170(c) and, in the case of individuals, only to an individual who is living at the time of the creation of the trust) for a term of years (not in excess of 20 years) or for the life or lives of such in- dividual or individuals, (B) from which no amount other than the payments described in subparagraph (A) and other than qualified gratuitous transfers de- scribed in subparagraph (C) may be paid to or for the use of any person other than an organization described in section 170(c), (C) following the termination of the pay- ments described in subparagraph (A), the re- mainder interest in the trust is to be trans- ferred to, or for the use of, an organization described in section 170(c) or is to be re- tained by the trust for such a use or, to the extent the remainder interest is in qualified employer securities (as defined in subsection (g)(4)), all or part of such securities are to be transferred to an employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 4975(e)(7)) in a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined by subsection (g)), and (D) the value (determined under section 7520) of such remainder interest is at least 10 percent of the initial net fair market value of all property placed in the trust. (2) Charitable remainder unitrust For purposes of this section, a charitable re- mainder unitrust is a trust— (A) from which a fixed percentage (which is not less than 5 percent nor more than 50 percent) of the net fair market value of its assets, valued annually, is to be paid, not less often than annually, to one or more per- sons (at least one of which is not an organi- zation described in section 170(c) and, in the case of individuals, only to an individual who is living at the time of the creation of the trust) for a term of years (not in excess of 20 years) or for the life or lives of such in- dividual or individuals, (B) from which no amount other than the payments described in subparagraph (A) and other than qualified gratuitous transfers de- scribed in subparagraph (C) may be paid to or for the use of any person other than an organization described in section 170(c), (C) following the termination of the pay- ments described in subparagraph (A), the re- mainder interest in the trust is to be trans- ferred to, or for the use of, an organization described in section 170(c) or is to be re- tained by the trust for such a use or, to the extent the remainder interest is in qualified employer securities (as defined in subsection (g)(4)), all or part of such securities are to be transferred to an employee stock ownership plan (as defined in section 4975(e)(7)) in a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined by subsection (g)), and (D) with respect to each contribution of property to the trust, the value (determined under section 7520) of such remainder inter- est in such property is at least 10 percent of the net fair market value of such property as of the date such property is contributed to the trust. (3) Exception Notwithstanding the provisions of para- graphs (2)(A) and (B), the trust instrument may provide that the trustee shall pay the in- come beneficiary for any year— Page 1834 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 664 (A) the amount of the trust income, if such amount is less than the amount required to be distributed under paragraph (2)(A), and (B) any amount of the trust income which is in excess of the amount required to be dis- tributed under paragraph (2)(A), to the ex- tent that (by reason of subparagraph (A)) the aggregate of the amounts paid in prior years was less than the aggregate of such required amounts. (4) Severance of certain additional contribu- tions If— (A) any contribution is made to a trust which before the contribution is a charitable remainder unitrust, and (B) such contribution would (but for this paragraph) result in such trust ceasing to be a charitable unitrust by reason of paragraph (2)(D), such contribution shall be treated as a trans- fer to a separate trust under regulations pre- scribed by the Secretary. (e) Valuation of interests For purposes of determining the amount of any charitable contribution, the remainder in- terest of a charitable remainder annuity trust or charitable remainder unitrust shall be computed on the basis that an amount equal to 5 percent of the net fair market value of its assets (or a greater amount, if required under the terms of the trust instrument) is to be distributed each year. In the case of the early termination of a trust which is a charitable remainder unitrust by reason of subsection (d)(3), the valuation of interests in such trust for purposes of this sec- tion shall be made under rules similar to the rules of the preceding sentence. (f) Certain contingencies permitted (1) General rule If a trust would, but for a qualified contin- gency, meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) or (2)(A) of subsection (d), such trust shall be treated as meeting such requirements. (2) Value determined without regard to quali- fied contingency For purposes of determining the amount of any charitable contribution (or the actuarial value of any interest), a qualified contingency shall not be taken into account. (3) Qualified contingency For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘qualified contingency’’ means any provision of a trust which provides that, upon the hap- pening of a contingency, the payments de- scribed in paragraph (1)(A) or (2)(A) of sub- section (d) (as the case may be) will terminate not later than such payments would otherwise terminate under the trust. (g) Qualified gratuitous transfer of qualified em- ployer securities (1) In general For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘qualified gratuitous transfer’’ means a trans- fer of qualified employer securities to an em- ployee stock ownership plan (as defined in sec- tion 4975(e)(7)) but only to the extent that— (A) the securities transferred previously passed from a decedent dying before January 1, 1999, to a trust described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d), (B) no deduction under section 404 is allow- able with respect to such transfer, (C) such plan contains the provisions re- quired by paragraph (3), (D) such plan treats such securities as being attributable to employer contribu- tions but without regard to the limitations otherwise applicable to such contributions under section 404, and (E) the employer whose employees are cov- ered by the plan described in this paragraph files with the Secretary a verified written statement consenting to the application of sections 4978 and 4979A with respect to such employer. (2) Exception The term ‘‘qualified gratuitous transfer’’ shall not include a transfer of qualified em- ployer securities to an employee stock owner- ship plan unless— (A) such plan was in existence on August 1, 1996, (B) at the time of the transfer, the dece- dent and members of the decedent’s family (within the meaning of section 2032A(e)(2)) own (directly or through the application of section 318(a)) no more than 10 percent of the value of the stock of the corporation re- ferred to in paragraph (4), and (C) immediately after the transfer, such plan owns (after the application of section 318(a)(4)) at least 60 percent of the value of the outstanding stock of the corporation. (3) Plan requirements A plan contains the provisions required by this paragraph if such plan provides that— (A) the qualified employer securities so transferred are allocated to plan partici- pants in a manner consistent with section 401(a)(4), (B) plan participants are entitled to direct the plan as to the manner in which such se- curities which are entitled to vote and are allocated to the account of such participant are to be voted, (C) an independent trustee votes the secu- rities so transferred which are not allocated to plan participants, (D) each participant who is entitled to a distribution from the plan has the rights de- scribed in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of sec- tion 409(h)(1), (E) such securities are held in a suspense account under the plan to be allocated each year, up to the applicable limitation under paragraph (7) (determined on the basis of fair market value of securities when allo- cated to participants), after first allocating all other annual additions for the limitation year, up to the limitation under section 415(c), and (F) on termination of the plan, all securi- ties so transferred which are not allocated to plan participants as of such termination are to be transferred to, or for the use of, an or- ganization described in section 170(c). Page 1835 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 664 For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘‘independent trustee’’ means any trustee who is not a member of the family (within the meaning of section 2032A(e)(2)) of the decedent or a 5-percent shareholder. A plan shall not fail to be treated as meeting the requirements of section 401(a) by reason of meeting the re- quirements of this subsection. (4) Qualified employer securities For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘qualified employer securities’’ means em- ployer securities (as defined in section 409(l)) which are issued by a domestic corporation— (A) which has no outstanding stock which is readily tradable on an established securi- ties market, and (B) which has only 1 class of stock. (5) Treatment of securities allocated by em- ployee stock ownership plan to persons re- lated to decedent or 5-percent shareholders (A) In general If any portion of the assets of the plan at- tributable to securities acquired by the plan in a qualified gratuitous transfer are allo- cated to the account of— (i) any person who is related to the dece- dent (within the meaning of section 267(b)) or a member of the decedent’s family (within the meaning of section 2032A(e)(2)), or (ii) any person who, at the time of such allocation or at any time during the 1-year period ending on the date of the acquisi- tion of qualified employer securities by the plan, is a 5-percent shareholder of the employer maintaining the plan, the plan shall be treated as having distrib- uted (at the time of such allocation) to such person or shareholder the amount so allo- cated. (B) 5-percent shareholder For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘5-percent shareholder’’ means any person who owns (directly or through the applica- tion of section 318(a)) more than 5 percent of the outstanding stock of the corporation which issued such qualified employer securi- ties or of any corporation which is a member of the same controlled group of corporations (within the meaning of section 409(l)(4)) as such corporation. For purposes of the pre- ceding sentence, section 318(a) shall be ap- plied without regard to the exception in paragraph (2)(B)(i) thereof. (C) Cross reference For excise tax on allocations described in sub- paragraph (A), see section 4979A. (6) Tax on failure to transfer unallocated secu- rities to charity on termination of plan If the requirements of paragraph (3)(F) are not met with respect to any securities, there is hereby imposed a tax on the employer main- taining the plan in an amount equal to the sum of— (A) the amount of the increase in the tax which would be imposed by chapter 11 if such securities were not transferred as described in paragraph (1), and (B) interest on such amount at the under- payment rate under section 6621 (and com- pounded daily) from the due date for filing the return of the tax imposed by chapter 11. (7) Applicable limitation (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (3)(E), the appli- cable limitation under this paragraph with respect to a participant is an amount equal to the lesser of— (i) $30,000, or (ii) 25 percent of the participant’s com- pensation (as defined in section 415(c)(3)). (B) Cost-of-living adjustment The Secretary shall adjust annually the $30,000 amount under subparagraph (A)(i) at the same time and in the same manner as under section 415(d), except that the base pe- riod shall be the calendar quarter beginning October 1, 1993, and any increase under this subparagraph which is not a multiple of $5,000 shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $5,000. (Added Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 201(e)(1), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 562; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, § 1022(d), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1029; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1089(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), (4), title XV, § 1530(a), (b), (c)(5), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 960, 1075, 1078; Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, § 6010(r), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title III, § 319(7)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–646; Pub. L. 107–16, title VI, § 632(a)(3)(H), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 868(a), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1025; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, § 424(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2974; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 344(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3115; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(b)(27), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1203.) INFLATION ADJUSTED ITEMS FOR CERTAIN YEARS For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Internal Revenue Notices listed in a table under section 401 of this title. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (g)(3)(E). Pub. L. 115–141 substituted ‘‘limitation under section 415(c)’’ for ‘‘limitations under sections 415(c) and (e)’’. 2015—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–113 substituted ‘‘of in- terests’’ for ‘‘for purposes of charitable contribution’’ in heading and inserted at end of text ‘‘In the case of the early termination of a trust which is a charitable remainder unitrust by reason of subsection (d)(3), the valuation of interests in such trust for purposes of this section shall be made under rules similar to the rules of the preceding sentence.’’ 2006—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–432 amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘A charitable remainder annuity trust and a charitable remainder unitrust shall, for any taxable year, not be subject to any tax imposed by this subtitle, unless such trust, for such year, has unrelated business taxable income (within the meaning of section 512, determined as if part III of subchapter F applied to such trust).’’ Subsec. (g)(3)(E). Pub. L. 109–280 inserted ‘‘(deter- mined on the basis of fair market value of securities when allocated to participants)’’ after ‘‘paragraph (7)’’. Page 1836 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 664 2001—Subsec. (g)(3)(E). Pub. L. 107–16, § 632(a)(3)(H)(i), substituted ‘‘applicable limitation under paragraph (7)’’ for ‘‘limitations under section 415(c)’’. Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 107–16, § 632(a)(3)(H)(ii), added par. (7). 2000—Subsec. (d)(1)(C), (2)(C). Pub. L. 106–554 struck out period after ‘‘(as defined by subsection (g))’’. See 1997 Amendment notes below. 1998—Subsec. (d)(1)(C), (2)(C). Pub. L. 105–206 inserted ‘‘, and’’ at end. 1997—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(a)(1), in- serted ‘‘nor more than 50 percent’’ after ‘‘not less than 5 percent’’. Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1530(c)(5), inserted ‘‘and other than qualified gratuitous transfers de- scribed in subparagraph (C)’’ after ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’. Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(1), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1530(a), which di- rected amendment of subpar. (C) by striking period at end and inserting ‘‘or, to the extent the remainder in- terest is in qualified employer securities (as defined in subsection (g)(4)), all or part of such securities are to be transferred to an employee stock ownership plan (as de- fined in section 4975(e)(7)) in a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined by subsection (g)).’’, was executed by making the insertion after ‘‘for such a use’’ to re- flect the probable intent of Congress. Subpar. (C) did not contain a period after amendment by Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(1). See below. Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(1), struck out period after ‘‘for such a use’’. Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(1), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(a)(1), inserted ‘‘nor more than 50 percent’’ after ‘‘not less than 5 per- cent’’. Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1530(c)(5), inserted ‘‘and other than qualified gratuitous transfers de- scribed in subparagraph (C)’’ after ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’. Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(2), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1530(a), which di- rected amendment of subpar. (C) by striking period at end and inserting ‘‘or, to the extent the remainder in- terest is in qualified employer securities (as defined in subsection (g)(4)), all or part of such securities are to be transferred to an employee stock ownership plan (as de- fined in section 4975(e)(7)) in a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined by subsection (g)).’’, was executed by making the insertion after ‘‘for such a use’’ to re- flect the probable intent of Congress. Subpar. (C) did not contain a period after amendment by Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(2). See below. Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(2), struck out period after ‘‘for such a use’’. Subsec. (d)(2)(D). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(2), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1089(b)(4), added par. (4). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–34, § 1530(b), added subsec. (g). 1984—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (f). 1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out ‘‘or his delegate’’ after ‘‘Secretary’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, § 344(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3115, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to ter- minations of trusts occurring after the date of the en- actment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, § 424(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2974, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to tax- able years beginning after December 31, 2006.’’ Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, § 868(b), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1025, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2001 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to years be- ginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 632(a)(4) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 72 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1089(a)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 960, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to transfers in trust after June 18, 1997.’’ Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1089(b)(6), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 961, provided that: ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the amendments made by this sub- section [amending this section and section 2055 of this title] shall apply to transfers in trust after July 28, 1997. ‘‘(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN DECEDENTS.—The amendments made by this subsection shall not apply to transfers in trust under the terms of a will (or other testamentary instrument) executed on or before July 28, 1997, if the decedent— ‘‘(i) dies before January 1, 1999, without having re- published the will (or amended such instrument) by codicil or otherwise, or ‘‘(ii) was on July 28, 1997, under a mental disability to change the disposition of his property and did not regain his competence to dispose of such property be- fore the date of his death.’’ Amendment by section 1530(a), (b), (c)(5) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to transfers made by trusts to, or for the use of, an employee stock ownership plan after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1530(d) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 401 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369, applicable to transfers after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 1022(e)(2) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 2055 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Section applicable to transfers in trust made after July 31, 1969, see section 201(g)(5), set out as an Effec- tive Date of 1969 Amendment note under section 170 of this title. SAVINGS PROVISION For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining li- ability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title. SUBPART D—TREATMENT OF EXCESS DISTRIBUTIONS BY TRUSTS Sec. 665. Definitions applicable to subpart D. 666. Accumulation distribution allocated to pre- ceding years. 667. Treatment of amounts deemed distributed by trust in preceding years. 668. Interest charge on accumulation distribu- tions from foreign trusts. [669. Repealed.]