42 U.S.C. § 285j — Purpose of Institute

Page 743 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 285j Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP, and Strengthening Pub- lic Health Act of 2022, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter. SUBPART 8—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL RESEARCH § 285h. Purpose of Institute The general purpose of the National Institute of Dental Research is the conduct and support of research, training, health information dissemi- nation, and other programs with respect to the cause, prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of dental and oral diseases and condi- tions. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 453, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 856.) SUBPART 9—NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE § 285i. Purpose of Institute The general purpose of the National Eye Insti- tute (hereafter in this subpart referred to as the ‘‘Institute’’) is the conduct and support of re- search, training, health information dissemina- tion, and other programs with respect to blind- ing eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of sight, and the special health problems and requirements of the blind. Subject to section 285i–1 of this title, the Director of the Institute may carry out a pro- gram of grants for public and private nonprofit vision research facilities. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 455, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 856; amended Pub. L. 103–43, title XI, § 1101(b), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 169.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1993—Pub. L. 103–43 substituted ‘‘Subject to section 285i–1 of this title, the Director’’ for ‘‘The Director’’ in second sentence. § 285i–1. Clinical research on eye care and diabe- tes (a) Program of grants The Director of the Institute, in consultation with the advisory council for the Institute, may award research grants to one or more Diabetes Eye Research Institutions for the support of pro- grams in clinical or health services aimed at— (1) providing comprehensive eye care serv- ices for people with diabetes, including a full complement of preventive, diagnostic and treatment procedures; (2) developing new and improved techniques of patient care through basic and clinical re- search; (3) assisting in translation of the latest re- search advances into clinical practice; and (4) expanding the knowledge of the eye and diabetes through further research. (b) Use of funds Amounts received under a grant awarded under this section shall be used for the fol- lowing: (1) Establishing the biochemical, cellular, and genetic mechanisms associated with dia- betic eye disease and the earlier detection of pending eye abnormalities. The focus of work under this paragraph shall require that oph- thalmologists have training in the most up-to- date molecular and cell biological methods. (2) Establishing new frontiers in technology, such as video-based diagnostic and research resources, to— (A) provide improved patient care; (B) provide for the evaluation of retinal physiology and its affect on diabetes; and (C) provide for the assessment of risks for the development and progression of diabetic eye disease and a more immediate evalua- tion of various therapies aimed at pre- venting diabetic eye disease. Such technologies shall be designed to permit evaluations to be performed both in humans and in animal models. (3) The translation of the results of vision research into the improved care of patients with diabetic eye disease. Such translation shall require the application of institutional resources that encompass patient care, clin- ical research and basic laboratory research. (4) The conduct of research concerning the outcomes of eye care treatments and eye health education programs as they relate to patients with diabetic eye disease, including the evaluation of regional approaches to such research. (c) Authorized expenditures The purposes for which a grant under sub- section (a) may be expended include equipment for the research described in such subsection. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 456, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title XI, § 1101(a), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 168.) SUBPART 10—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 100–553, § 2(2), Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2769, and Pub. L. 100–607, title I, § 101(2), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3049, made identical amendments to subpart heading, substituting ‘‘Neurological Disorders’’ for ‘‘Neuro- logical and Communicative Disorders’’. Pub. L. 100–690, title II, § 2613(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4238, amended subpart heading to read as if the amendment by Pub. L. 100–607 had not been enacted. § 285j. Purpose of Institute The general purpose of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (hereafter in this subpart referred to as the ‘‘Institute’’) is the conduct and support of research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to neurological disease and disorder and stroke. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 457, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 857; amended Pub. L. 100–553, § 2(3), Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2769; Pub. L. 100–607, title I, § 101(3), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3049; Pub. L. 100–690, title II, § 2613(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4238; Pub. L. 101–93, § 5(a), Aug. 16, 1989, 103 Stat. 611.) Page 744 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 285j–1 Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1989—Pub. L. 101–93 substituted ‘‘disease and’’ for ‘‘disease and and’’. 1988—Pub. L. 100–553 and Pub. L. 100–607 made iden- tical amendments, substituting ‘‘Neurological Dis- orders’’ for ‘‘Neurological and Communicative Dis- orders’’ and ‘‘and disorder and stroke’’ for ‘‘disorder, stroke, and disorders of human communication’’. Pub. L. 100–690 amended this section to read as if the amend- ments by Pub. L. 100–607 had not been enacted. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 100–690, see section 2613(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as an Ef- fect of Enactment of Similar Provisions note under sec- tion 285m of this title. § 285j–1. Spinal cord regeneration research The Director of the Institute shall conduct and support research into spinal cord regenera- tion. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 458, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 857.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON SPINAL CORD INJURY Pub. L. 99–158, § 7, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 881, provided that: ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 20, 1985], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall establish in the Na- tional Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke an Interagency Committee on Spi- nal Cord Injury (hereafter in this section referred to as the ‘Interagency Committee’). The Interagency Com- mittee shall plan, develop, coordinate, and implement comprehensive Federal initiatives in research on spinal cord injury and regeneration. ‘‘(b) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION AND MEETINGS.—(1) The Interagency Committee shall consist of representatives from— ‘‘(A) the National Institute on Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke; ‘‘(B) the Department of Defense; ‘‘(C) the Department of Education; ‘‘(D) the Veterans’ Administration; ‘‘(E) the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and ‘‘(F) the National Science Foundation; designated by the heads of such entities. ‘‘(2) The Interagency Committee shall meet at least four times. The Secretary of Health and Human Serv- ices shall select the Chairman of the Interagency Com- mittee from the members of the Interagency Com- mittee. ‘‘(c) REPORT.—Within the 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 20, 1985], the Interagency Committee shall prepare and transmit to the Congress a report concerning its activities under this section. The report shall include a description of research projects on spinal cord injury and regeneration con- ducted or supported by Federal agencies during such 18- month period, the nature and purpose of each such project, the amounts expended for each such project, and an identification of the entity which conducted the research under each such project. ‘‘(d) TERMINATION.—The Interagency Committee shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Inter- agency Committee transmits the report required by subsection (c) to the Congress.’’ § 285j–2. Bioengineering research The Director of the Institute shall make grants or enter into contracts for research on the means to overcome paralysis of the extrem- ities through electrical stimulation and the use of computers. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 459, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 857.) § 285j–3. Research on multiple sclerosis The Director of the Institute shall conduct and support research on multiple sclerosis, espe- cially research on effects of genetics and hor- monal changes on the progress of the disease. (July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 460, as added Pub. L. 103–43, title XII, § 1201, June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 169.) SUBPART 11—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES § 285k. National Institute of General Medical Sciences (a) General purpose The general purpose of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences is the conduct and support of research, training, and, as appro- priate, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to general or basic medical sciences and related natural or behav- ioral sciences which have significance for two or more other national research institutes or are outside the general area of responsibility of any other national research institute. (b) Institutional development award program (1)(A) In the case of entities described in sub- paragraph (B), the Director of NIH, acting through the Director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, shall establish a pro- gram to enhance the competitiveness of such en- tities in obtaining funds from the national re- search institutes for conducting biomedical and behavioral research. (B) The entities referred to in subparagraph (A) are entities that conduct biomedical and be- havioral research and are located in a State in which the aggregate success rate for applica- tions to the national research institutes for as- sistance for such research by the entities in the State has historically constituted a low success rate of obtaining such funds, relative to such ag- gregate rate for such entities in other States. (C) With respect to enhancing competitiveness for purposes of subparagraph (A), the Director of NIH, in carrying out the program established under such subparagraph, may— (i) provide technical assistance to the enti- ties involved, including technical assistance in the preparation of applications for obtaining funds from the national research institutes; (ii) assist the entities in developing a plan for biomedical or behavioral research pro- posals; and (iii) assist the entities in implementing such plan. (2) The Director of NIH shall establish a pro- gram of supporting projects of biomedical or be- havioral research whose principal researchers are individuals who have not previously served as the principal researchers of such projects sup- ported by the Director.