45 U.S.C. § 541 — Untitled legal text

Page 148 TITLE 45—RAILROADS §§ 501 to 502 Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 209(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2245; Pub. L. 100–342, § 12, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 630, re- lated to annual report by Secretary of Transportation on administration of this subchapter. See section 20116 of Title 49. Section 441, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 10, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1815; amended Pub. L. 100–342, § 5, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 102–365, § 5(b), Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 975, related to protection and rights of railroad employees. See section 20109 of Title 49. A prior section 441, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 93–90, § 2, Aug. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 205, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 94–56, § 3, July 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 94–348, § 2(a), July 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 95–574, § 2, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2459, authorized appro- priations to carry out this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–423, § 2, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811. Section 442, Pub. L. 95–574, § 3, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2459, related to limitations on funding for railroad re- search and development programs. See section 20117 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 443, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 213, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 11, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1816, related to pay classifications of railroad safety inspectors and rail- road safety specialists. See section 5109(c) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 444, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 214, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 2, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1195, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 703, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2580; Pub. L. 100–342, § 2, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–400; Pub. L. 102–365, § 12, Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 980, authorized ap- propriations to carry out this chapter. See sections 20108 and 20117 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 445, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 215, as added Pub. L. 100–342, § 20, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 638, related to grade crossing demonstration projects to reduce acci- dents involving trains. See sections 20117 and 20134 of Title 49. Section 446, Pub. L. 101–647, title XVII, § 1704, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4846, related to railroad police officers. See section 28101 of Title 49. Section 447, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 216, as added Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–399, related to railroad user fees. See section 20115 of Title 49. CHAPTER 14—RAIL PASSENGER SERVICE SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS §§ 501 to 502. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 501, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 101, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 102, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1171, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 687, related to congressional findings on needs for cost- and energy-efficient intercity rail passenger service. See section 24101 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 501a, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 102, as added Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 103(a), Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1172, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 688, enumerated goals established by Congress for Amtrak. See section 24101 of Title 49. A prior section 102 of Pub. L. 91–518 was renumbered section 103 and classified to section 502 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b). Section 502, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 103, formerly § 102, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 93–146, § 2, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 548; renumbered § 103 and amended Pub. L. 96–73, title I, §§ 103(a), 104, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537, 538; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1173, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4012, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 109; Pub. L. 102–533, § 8, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3519, defined terms for purposes of this chapter. See section 24102 of Title 49, Transportation. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 91–518, § 1, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1327, as amended by Pub. L. 93–496, § 12, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1531, provided that Pub. L. 91–518 (enacting this chapter and section 250 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, amending section 856 of former Title 31, Money and Fi- nance, and enacting provision set out as a note under section 250 of Title 26) could be cited as the ‘‘Rail Pas- senger Service Act’’, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379. SUBCHAPTER II—BASIC NATIONAL RAIL PASSENGER SYSTEM §§ 521, 522. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 521, Pub. L. 91–518, title II, § 201, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1329, authorized report designating routes and basic service on intercity passenger system. Section 522, Pub. L. 91–518, title II, § 202, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1329, directed review of preliminary report of Secretary designating the basic system. SUBCHAPTER III—NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION §§ 541 to 548. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 541, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1330; Pub. L. 95–421, § 11, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1188(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 699; Pub. L. 100–342, § 18(a), June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 636, authorized establishment of National Railroad Pas- senger Corporation. See sections 24101 and 24301 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 542, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 302, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1330, related to Presidential appointment of incorporators to establish National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Section 543, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 303, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1330; Pub. L. 92–316, § 1(a), June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 227; Pub. L. 93–146, § 3(a), Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 548; Pub. L. 94–25, § 2, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(f), formerly § 705(f), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 124, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 94–555, title I, § 103, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2615; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1174(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 97–216, title I, § 101, July 18, 1982, 96 Stat. 187; Pub. L. 100–342, § 18(b), (c), June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 636, related to board of directors, officers, bylaws, and stock voting rights of National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See sections 24302 and 24303 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 544, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 304, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1331; Pub. L. 93–496, § 2, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1526; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1175, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4003, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 102–533, § 5, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3517, re- lated to issuance by National Railroad Passenger Cor- poration of stock, bonds, and other certificates of in- debtedness. See section 24304 of Title 49. Section 545, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 305, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1332; Pub. L. 92–316, § 2, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 228; Pub. L. 93–146, §§ 4–6, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 549, 550; Pub. L. 93–496, §§ 3, 4, 6, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1527, 1528; Pub. L. 94–25, § 3, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(g), formerly § 705(g), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 125, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 94–555, title I, § 104, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2615; Pub. L. 95–421, § 10, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, §§ 105–111(a), Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 539–541; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1176, 1177(a), 1188(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 692, 699; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4007(e), title XIII, § 13031(h)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 108, 310, enumerated general powers of National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See sections 24301, 24305 to 24307, 24311, 24709, and 24902 of Title 49. Page 149 TITLE 45—RAILROADS §§ 581 to 591 Section 545a, Pub. L. 95–421, § 19, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 930, directed National Railroad Passenger Corporation to attract and serve bulk mail needs of Postal Service. See section 24305 of Title 49. Section 546, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 306, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1332; Pub. L. 92–316, § 3, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 228; Pub. L. 93–146, § 7, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 551; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(e), formerly § 705(e), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 124, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 94–555, title I, §§ 105, 106, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2615, 2616; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 112, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 541; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1178, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §§ 4004, 4007(b), 4013, 4015, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 107–110; Pub. L. 101–610, title VI, § 601(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3185; Pub. L. 102–533, § 6, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3517, re- lated to laws applicable to National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See sections 24301, 24305, and 24306 of Title 49. Section 546a, Pub. L. 95–421, § 7, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 927, related to jurisdiction of Interstate Commerce Commission over rate, fare, charge, and marketing practices of National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See section 24301 of Title 49. Section 546b, Pub. L. 97–257, title I, Sept. 10, 1982, 96 Stat. 852, exempted National Railroad Passenger Cor- poration from taxes or other fees imposed by any State, political subdivision, or local taxing authority levied on Corporation or any railroad subsidiary and provided United States district courts with jurisdiction to en- force exemption. See section 24301 of Title 49. Section 547, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 307, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1333; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1179, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693, related to jurisdiction of United States dis- trict courts to impose sanctions. See section 24103 of Title 49. Section 548, Pub. L. 91–518, title III, § 308, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1333; Pub. L. 92–316, § 4, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 228; Pub. L. 93–146, § 8, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 551; Pub. L. 94–25, § 4, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 113, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1180, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4005, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 100–342, § 18(d), June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 637, related to reports by Na- tional Railroad Passenger Corporation to President and Congress. See section 24315 of Title 49. SUBCHAPTER IV—PROVISION OF RAIL PASSENGER SERVICES §§ 561 to 563. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 561, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 401, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1334; Pub. L. 93–146, § 9, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 551, related to assumption of intercity rail passenger serv- ice by National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See section 24701 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 562, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 402, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1335; Pub. L. 92–316, § 5, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 93–146, § 10, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 552; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(a), (h), formerly § 705(a), (h), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 123, 125, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 95–421, § 15, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 114, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 216, May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1181, 1188(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693, 699; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §§ 4006, 4017(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 107, 110; Pub. L. 101–641, § 9(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4658, re- lated to facilities and service agreements. See sections 24308, 24311, and 24903 of Title 49. Section 563, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 403, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1335; Pub. L. 92–316, § 6, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 93–146, § 11(a), Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 93–496, § 5, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1527; Pub. L. 94–25, §§ 5, 6, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(c), (i), formerly § 705(c), (i), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 124, 125, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 94–555, title I, § 107, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2616; Pub. L. 95–421, §§ 16–18, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 929, 930; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 115, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 213, May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 96–448, title V, § 508(f), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1958; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1182(a), 1183(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693, 697; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4014(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 109; Pub. L. 102–533, §§ 7(b), 10, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3519, 3520, related to State supported institution or retention of rail pas- senger service. See sections 24703, 24704, and 24708 of Title 49. § 564. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379; Pub. L. 103–429, § 8(6), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4390 Section, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 404, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1336; Pub. L. 93–146, § 11(b), Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 93–496, § 7, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1530; Pub. L. 94–25, §§ 7, 8, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(d), formerly § 705(d), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 124, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, §§ 116(a), 117–119, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 545, 546; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1183(a)–(d), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 695–697; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §§ 4008, 4014(a)(2)–(7), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 108–110; Pub. L. 104–287, § 7(1), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3400, related to addition to or discontinuance of routes and services. See sections 24703 and 24705 to 24707 of Title 49, Transportation. §§ 565, 566. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 565, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 405, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1337; Pub. L. 92–316, §§ 7, 8, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 230; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 120(a), Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1177(b), 1184, 1188(d), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 692, 697, 699; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4016, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 110, related to protective ar- rangements for railroad employees. See sections 24307, 24312, and 24706 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 566, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 406, as added Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 121, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 548, re- lated to retention and maintenance of facilities. See section 24309 of Title 49. SUBCHAPTER V—AMTRAK COMMUTER SERVICES §§ 581 to 591. Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379 Section 581, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 501, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1137, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 647; amended Pub. L. 100–457, title III, § 336, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2153, related to establishment and incorpora- tion of Amtrak Commuter Services Corporation. See section 24501 of Title 49, Transportation. A prior section 581, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 501, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1338, provided for appointment of a fif- teen-man financial advisory panel by President, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–25, § 9, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 92. Section 582, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 502, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1137, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 648, re- lated to Board of Directors and officers of Amtrak Commuter Services Corporation. See sections 24502 and 24503 of Title 49, Transportation. A prior section 582, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 502, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1338, directed advisory panel to advise directors of Corporation on ways and means of increas- ing capitalization of Corporation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–25, § 9, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 92. Section 583, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 503, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1137, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 648, enu- merated general powers of Amtrak Commuter Services Corporation. See sections 24501 and 24504 of Title 49, Transportation. A prior section 583, Pub. L. 91–518, title V, § 503, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1338, provided for a report to Congress