19 U.S.C. § 2 — Rearrangement and limitation of districts;

Page 4 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 2 This results in a net reduction of more than 50 sepa- rate principal field offices by concentration of super- visory responsibilities in fewer officials in charge of re- gional and district activities. In addition to the six of- fices of regional commissioner, about 25 offices of dis- trict director will be established. The regional commis- sioners and district directors will assume the overall principal supervisory responsibilities and functions of collectors of customs, appraisers of merchandise, comp- trollers of customs, laboratories, and supervising cus- toms agents. At the headquarters level, four new offices will be es- tablished to replace seven divisions. A new position of special assistant to the Commissioner will be created and charged with responsibility for insuring that all Customs employees conduct themselves in strict com- pliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Up to now this function has been one of a number lodged with an existing division. After investigation I have found and hereby declare that each reorganization included in Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1965 is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2(a) of the Re- organization Act of 1949, as amended. It should be emphasized that abolition by Reorga- nization Plan No. 1 of 1965 of the offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise will in no way prejudice any right of any person affected by the laws adminis- tered by the Bureau of Customs. The rights of import- ers and others, for example, before the Customs Court, arising out of the administration of such functions will remain unaffected. In addition it should be emphasized that all essential services to the importing, exporting, and traveling public will continue to be performed. This reorganization plan will permit a needed mod- ernization of the organization and procedure of the Bu- reau of Customs. It will permit a more effective admin- istration of the customs laws. I urge the Congress to permit Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1965 to become effective. LYNDON B. JOHNSON. THE WHITE HOUSE, March 25, 1965. § 2. Rearrangement and limitation of districts; changing locations The President is authorized from time to time, as the exigencies of the service may require, to rearrange, by consolidation or otherwise, the several customs-collection districts and to dis- continue ports of entry by abolishing the same or establishing others in their stead. The Presi- dent is authorized from time to time to change the location of the headquarters in any customs- collection district as the needs of the service may require. (Aug. 1, 1914, ch. 223, 38 Stat. 623; May 29, 1928, ch. 901, § 1(19), 45 Stat. 987; Pub. L. 91–271, title III, § 302, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 291.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1970—Pub. L. 91–271 struck out provisions limiting the number of customs-collection districts and ports of entry to those established and authorized as of Aug. 1, 1914, except as thereafter provided by law, and provi- sions requiring the collector of customs of each cus- toms-collection district to be officially designated by the number of the district for which appointed. 1928—Act May 29, 1928, provided for discontinuance of the statement or report as required by a proviso at end of section which read as follows: ‘‘That the President shall, at the beginning of each regular session, submit to Congress a statement of all acts, if any, done under the provisions of this section and the reasons therefor.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 91–271 effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after Oct. 1, 1970, and such other ar- ticles entered or withdrawn from warehouse for con- sumption prior to such date, or with respect to which a protest has not been disallowed in whole or in part before Oct. 1, 1970, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as a note under section 1500 of this title. VIRGINIA INLAND PORT; WITHDRAWAL OF DESIGNATION AS CUSTOMS SERVICE PORT OF ENTRY PROHIBITED Pub. L. 104–52, title V, § 512, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 492, provided that: ‘‘Notwithstanding any provision of this or any other Act, during the fiscal year ending Sep- tember 30, 1996, and thereafter, no funds may be obli- gated or expended in any way to withdraw the designa- tion of the Virginia Inland Port at Front Royal, Vir- ginia, as a United States Customs Service port of entry.’’ [For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and li- abilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Sec- retary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of re- lated references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of Novem- ber 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Se- curity, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended gen- erally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.] COLUMBIA-SNAKE CUSTOMS DISTRICT Pub. L. 98–573, title II, § 238, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2993, directed Commissioner of United States Customs Serv- ice to establish a customs district known as Columbia- Snake Customs District. PEMBINA, NORTH DAKOTA, CUSTOMS DISTRICT; CHANGE IN BOUNDARIES PROHIBITED WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL CONSENT Pub. L. 93–245, ch. X, § 1000, Jan. 3, 1974, 87 Stat. 1083, prohibited use of funds to change boundaries of Pembina, North Dakota Customs District (Region IX), without consent of certain Congressional committees. CUSTOMS DISTRICTS AND PORTS OF ENTRY An alphabetical index of ports of entry is contained in Schedule D of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule, which is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title. For list of international airports of entry, see section 122.13 of Part 122 of Chapter 1 of Title 19, Customs Du- ties, of the Code of Federal Regulations. Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of cus- toms, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchan- dise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treas- ury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than December 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out as a note under section 1 of this title. Functions of all officers of Department of the Treas- ury, and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him Page 5 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 6 to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appen- dix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- ees. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Treasury of au- thority vested in President by this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10289, § 1(a), Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. § 3. Superintendence of collection of import du- ties The Secretary of the Treasury shall direct the superintendence of the collection of the duties on imports as he shall judge best. (R.S. § 249.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION R.S. § 249 derived from act May 8, 1792, ch. 37, § 6, 1 Stat. 280. Section, prior to its incorporation into the Code, con- tained the words ‘‘and tonnage,’’ after ‘‘duties on im- ports’’. These words were omitted as superseded by sec- tion 3 of the former Appendix to Title 46, Shipping, which charged the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection with the execution of the laws relating to the collection of the tonnage tax. Sec- tion 3 of the former Appendix to Title 46 was repealed by Pub. L. 109–304, § 19, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1710. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries ANALYSIS REGARDING THE CES PROGRAM; EFFECT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAM Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9501(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–380, as amended by Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, § 691(b)(1), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 114–125, title VIII, § 802(d)(2), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 210, provided that: ‘‘(1) The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a comprehensive analysis, including a cost-benefit study, of the centralized cargo examina- tion station (CES) concept from the perspective of both the United States Customs Service and business com- munity users. The analysis shall be submitted on the same day to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Fi- nance of the Senate (hereinafter in this subsection re- ferred to as the ‘Committees’) not later than March 30, 1988, and shall include recommendations as to how best to implement cargo inspection procedures. ‘‘(2) The United States Customs Service— ‘‘(A) may not, after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987], establish any new centralized cargo examination station at any ocean port, airport, or land border location unless the Customs Service provides to the Committees advance notice, in writ- ing, of not less than 90 days regarding the proposed establishment; and ‘‘(B) shall, on such date of enactment, suspend oper- ations at each centralized cargo examination station that was operating at an airport on the day before such date until the 90th day after a date— ‘‘(i) that is not earlier than the date on which the analysis required under paragraph (1) is submitted to the Committees, and ‘‘(ii) on which the Customs Service provides to the Committees notice, in writing, that it intends to resume such operations at the station. During the period of suspension of operations under subparagraph (B) at any centralized cargo examination station at an airport, the Secretary of the Treasury shall maintain customs operations and staffing at that airport at a level not less than that which was in effect immediately before the suspension took effect. ‘‘(3) The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized to obtain from the operators of centralized cargo examination stations information regarding the fees paid to them for the provision of services at these stations.’’ [For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and li- abilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Sec- retary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of re- lated references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of Novem- ber 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Se- curity, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended gen- erally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.] § 4. Omitted Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section, act Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 251, § 1, 42 Stat. 1453, re- lated to appointment, compensation, and qualifications of director and assistant directors of customs. See sec- tions 2071 to 2073 of this title. §§ 5, 5a. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–271, title III, § 321(a), (b), June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 293 Section 5, R.S. § 2613, act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, § 523, 42 Stat. 974, provided that collectors, comp- trollers, and surveyors be appointed for four year terms. Section 5a, act July 5, 1932, ch. 430, title I, 47 Stat. 584, abolished, except at the Port of New York, the of- fices of surveyor and appraiser, and those of their as- sistants and deputies, and transferred the duties of such officers to such persons as designated by the Sec- retary of the Treasury. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after Oct. 1, 1970, and such other articles entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption prior to such date, or with respect to which a protest has not been disallowed in whole or in part before Oct. 1, 1970, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as an Effective Date of 1970 Amendment note under section 1500 of this title. § 6. Designation of customs officers for foreign service; status; rejection of designated cus- toms officer; applicability of civil service laws Any officer of the customs service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury for foreign service, shall, through the Department of State, be regularly and officially attached to the diplo- matic missions of the United States in the coun- tries in which they are to be stationed, and when such officers are assigned to countries in which there are no diplomatic missions of the United States, appropriate recognition and standing with full facilities for discharging their official duties shall be arranged by the Depart- ment of State. The Secretary of State may re-