30 U.S.C. § 1201 — Congressional findings

Page 228 TITLE 30—MINERAL LANDS AND MINING § 1201 1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon. Sec. 1298. Alaskan surface coal mine study. 1299. Study of reclamation standards for surface mining of other minerals. 1300. Indian lands. 1301. Experimental practices. 1302. Authorization of appropriations. 1303. Coordination of regulatory and inspection ac- tivities. 1304. Surface owner protection. 1305. Federal lessee protection. 1306. Effect on rights of owner of coal in Alaska to conduct surface mining operations. 1307. Water rights and replacement. 1308. Advance appropriations. 1308a. Use of civil penalty funds to reclaim lands. 1308b. Transfer of computer hardware, software and other technical equipment. 1309. Certification and training of blasters. 1309a. Subsidence. 1309b. Research. SUBCHAPTER VIII—UNIVERSITY COAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES 1311. Establishment of university coal research laboratories. 1312. Financial assistance. 1313. Limitation on payments. 1314. Payments; Federal share of operating ex- penses. 1315. Advisory Council on Coal Research. 1316. Authorization of appropriations. SUBCHAPTER IX—ENERGY RESOURCE GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS 1321. Fellowship awards. 1322. Fellowship recipients. 1323. Distribution of fellowships. 1324. Stipends and allowances. 1325. Limitation on fellowships. 1326. Fellowship conditions. 1327. Authorization of appropriations. 1328. Research, development projects, etc., relating to alternative coal mining technologies. SUBCHAPTER I—STATEMENT OF FINDINGS AND POLICY § 1201. Congressional findings The Congress finds and declares that— (a) extraction of coal and other minerals from the earth can be accomplished by various methods of mining, including surface mining; (b) coal mining operations presently con- tribute significantly to the Nation’s energy re- quirements; surface coal mining constitutes one method of extraction of the resource; the overwhelming percentage of the Nation’s coal reserves can only be extracted by underground mining methods, and it is, therefore, essential to the national interest to insure the exist- ence of an expanding and economically healthy underground coal mining industry; (c) many surface mining operations result in disturbances of surface areas that burden and adversely affect commerce and the public wel- fare by destroying or diminishing the utility of land for commercial, industrial, residential, recreational, agricultural, and forestry pur- poses, by causing erosion and landslides, by contributing to floods, by polluting the water, by destroying fish and wildlife habitats, by impairing natural beauty, by damaging the property of citizens, by creating hazards dan- gerous to life and property by degrading the quality of life in local communities, and by counteracting governmental programs and ef- forts to conserve soil, water, and other natural resources; (d) the expansion of coal mining to meet the Nation’s energy needs makes even more ur- gent the establishment of appropriate stand- ards to minimize damage to the environment and to productivity of the soil and to protect the health and safety of the public.1 (e) surface mining and reclamation tech- nology are now developed so that effective and reasonable regulation of surface coal mining operations by the States and by the Federal Government in accordance with the require- ments of this chapter is an appropriate and necessary means to minimize so far as prac- ticable the adverse social, economic, and envi- ronmental effects of such mining operations; (f) because of the diversity in terrain, cli- mate, biologic, chemical, and other physical conditions in areas subject to mining oper- ations, the primary governmental responsi- bility for developing, authorizing, issuing, and enforcing regulations for surface mining and reclamation operations subject to this chapter should rest with the States; (g) surface mining and reclamation stand- ards are essential in order to insure that com- petition in interstate commerce among sellers of coal produced in different States will not be used to undermine the ability of the several States to improve and maintain adequate standards on coal mining operations within their borders; (h) there are a substantial number of acres of land throughout major regions of the United States disturbed by surface and under- ground coal on which little or no reclamation was conducted, and the impacts from these unreclaimed lands impose social and economic costs on residents in nearby and adjoining areas as well as continuing to impair environ- mental quality; (i) while there is a need to regulate surface mining operations for minerals other than coal, more data and analyses are needed to serve as a basis for effective and reasonable regulation of such operations; (j) surface and underground coal mining op- erations affect interstate commerce, con- tribute to the economic well-being, security, and general welfare of the Nation and should be conducted in an environmentally sound manner; and (k) the cooperative effort established by this chapter is necessary to prevent or mitigate ad- verse environmental effects of present and fu- ture surface coal mining operations. (Pub. L. 95–87, title I, § 101, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 447.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in pars. (e), (f), and (k), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 95–87, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 445, which enacted this chapter and amended section 1114 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. Page 229 TITLE 30—MINERAL LANDS AND MINING § 1202 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–260, div. Y, § 1, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2417, provided that: ‘‘This division [amending section 1232 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1232 of this title] may be cited as the ‘American Miner Benefits Improvement Act of 2020’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–94, div. M, § 101, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3091, provided that: ‘‘This division [amending section 1232 of this title and sections 401 and 457 of Title 26, In- ternal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1232 of this title and section 401 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Bipartisan American Min- ers Act of 2019’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–223, div. C, § 202(a), as added by Pub. L. 115–30, par. (2), Apr. 28, 2017, 131 Stat. 134, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 1232 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Further Continued Health Benefits for Miners Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2016 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–223, div. C, § 167(a), as added by Pub. L. 114–254, div. A, § 101(3), Dec. 10, 2016, 130 Stat. 1009, pro- vided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 1232 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Continued Health Benefits for Miners Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–432, div. C, title II, § 200, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3006, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1244 of this title, amending sections 1231 to 1233, 1236, 1238, 1240a, 1260, 1300, and 1302 of this title and sections 9701, 9702, 9704 to 9707, 9711, 9712, and 9721 of Title 26, In- ternal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1232 of this title and sections 9701, 9704, and 9712 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act Amendments of 2006’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, § 6001, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–289, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 6001–6014) of title VI of Pub. L. 101–508, enacting sec- tion 1240a of this title, amending sections 1231 to 1237, 1239, 1257, and 1302 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1231 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Abandoned Mine Reclamation Act of 1990’.’’ Pub. L. 101–498, § 1, Nov. 2, 1990, 104 Stat. 1207, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1230a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Strategic and Critical Min- erals Act of 1990’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–483, § 13, Oct. 12, 1988, 102 Stat. 2341, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1221, 1222, 1224, 1226, 1229, and 1230 of this title and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under this section and section 1229 of this title] may be cited as the Mining and Min- eral Resources Research Institute Amendments of 1988.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 95–87, § 1, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 445, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting this chapter and amending section 1114 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the ‘Surface Mining Control and Rec- lamation Act of 1977’.’’ Pub. L. 98–409, § 11, as added by Pub. L. 100–483, § 12, Oct. 12, 1988, 102 Stat. 2341; amended by Pub. L. 104–312, § 1(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3819, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting subchapter III of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Mining and Mineral Resources Institutes Act’.’’ § 1202. Statement of purpose It is the purpose of this chapter to— (a) establish a nationwide program to pro- tect society and the environment from the ad- verse effects of surface coal mining operations; (b) assure that the rights of surface land- owners and other persons with a legal interest in the land or appurtenances thereto are fully protected from such operations; (c) assure that surface mining operations are not conducted where reclamation as required by this chapter is not feasible; (d) assure that surface coal mining oper- ations are so conducted as to protect the envi- ronment; (e) assure that adequate procedures are un- dertaken to reclaim surface areas as contem- poraneously as possible with the surface coal mining operations; (f) assure that the coal supply essential to the Nation’s energy requirements, and to its economic and social well-being is provided and strike a balance between protection of the en- vironment and agricultural productivity and the Nation’s need for coal as an essential source of energy; (g) assist the States in developing and imple- menting a program to achieve the purposes of this chapter; (h) promote the reclamation of mined areas left without adequate reclamation prior to Au- gust 3, 1977, and which continue, in their unreclaimed condition, to substantially de- grade the quality of the environment, prevent or damage the beneficial use of land or water resources, or endanger the health or safety of the public; (i) assure that appropriate procedures are provided for the public participation in the de- velopment, revision, and enforcement of regu- lations, standards, reclamation plans, or pro- grams established by the Secretary or any State under this chapter; (j) provide a means for development of the data and analyses necessary to establish effec- tive and reasonable regulation of surface min- ing operations for other minerals; (k) encourage the full utilization of coal re- sources through the development and applica- tion of underground extraction technologies; (l) stimulate, sponsor, provide for and/or sup- plement present programs for the conduct of research investigations, experiments, and demonstrations, in the exploration, extrac- tion, processing, development, and production of minerals and the training of mineral engi- neers and scientists in the field of mining, minerals resources, and technology, and the establishment of an appropriate research and training center in various States; and (m) wherever necessary, exercise the full reach of Federal constitutional powers to in- sure the protection of the public interest through effective control of surface coal min- ing operations. (Pub. L. 95–87, title I, § 102, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 448.)