49 U.S.C. § 114 — Transportation Security Administration

Page 62 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 gation of authority, or any document of or pertaining to the Office or an officer or employee of the Office is deemed to refer to the Administration or a member or employee of the Administration, as appropriate.’’ § 114. Transportation Security Administration (a) IN GENERAL.—The Transportation Security Administration shall be an administration of the Department of Homeland Security. (b) LEADERSHIP.— (1) HEAD OF TRANSPORTATION SECURITY AD- MINISTRATION.— (A) APPOINTMENT.—The head of the Admin- istration shall be the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration (re- ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Adminis- trator’’). The Administrator shall be ap- pointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (B) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Administrator must— (i) be a citizen of the United States; and (ii) have experience in a field directly re- lated to transportation or security. (C) TERM.—Effective with respect to any individual appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, after the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the term of office of an individual appointed as the Administrator shall be 5 years. The term of office of an in- dividual serving as the Administrator on the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act shall be 5 years beginning on the date that the Administrator began serving. (2) DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR.— (A) APPOINTMENT.—There is established in the Transportation Security Administration a Deputy Administrator, who shall assist the Administrator in the management of the Transportation Security Administration. The Deputy Administrator shall be ap- pointed by the President. (B) VACANCY.—The Deputy Administrator shall be Acting Administrator during the ab- sence or incapacity of the Administrator or during a vacancy in the office of Adminis- trator. (C) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Deputy Adminis- trator must— (i) be a citizen of the United States; and (ii) have experience in a field directly re- lated to transportation or security. (3) CHIEF COUNSEL.— (A) APPOINTMENT.—There is established in the Transportation Security Administration a Chief Counsel, who shall advise the Admin- istrator and other senior officials on all legal matters relating to the responsibil- ities, functions, and management of the Transportation Security Administration. (B) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Chief Counsel must be a citizen of the United States. (c) LIMITATION ON OWNERSHIP OF STOCKS AND BONDS.—The Administrator may not own stock in or bonds of a transportation or security en- terprise or an enterprise that makes equipment that could be used for security purposes. (d) FUNCTIONS.—The Administrator shall be re- sponsible for security in all modes of transpor- tation, including— (1) carrying out chapter 449, relating to civil aviation security, and related research and de- velopment activities; and (2) security responsibilities over other modes of transportation that are exercised by the De- partment of Transportation. (e) SCREENING OPERATIONS.—The Adminis- trator shall— (1) be responsible for day-to-day Federal se- curity screening operations for passenger air transportation and intrastate air transpor- tation under sections 44901 and 44935; (2) develop standards for the hiring and re- tention of security screening personnel; (3) train and test security screening per- sonnel; and (4) be responsible for hiring and training per- sonnel to provide security screening at all air- ports in the United States where screening is required under section 44901, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies and departments. (f) ADDITIONAL DUTIES AND POWERS.—In addi- tion to carrying out the functions specified in subsections (d) and (e), the Administrator shall— (1) receive, assess, and distribute intel- ligence information related to transportation security; (2) assess threats to transportation; (3) develop policies, strategies, and plans for dealing with threats to transportation secu- rity; (4) make other plans related to transpor- tation security, including coordinating coun- termeasures with appropriate departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government; (5) serve as the primary liaison for transpor- tation security to the intelligence and law en- forcement communities; (6) on a day-to-day basis, manage and pro- vide operational guidance to the field security resources of the Administration, including Federal Security Managers as provided by sec- tion 44933; (7) enforce security-related regulations and requirements; (8) identify and undertake research and de- velopment activities necessary to enhance transportation security; (9) inspect, maintain, and test security fa- cilities, equipment, and systems; (10) ensure the adequacy of security meas- ures for the transportation of cargo; (11) oversee the implementation, and ensure the adequacy, of security measures at airports and other transportation facilities; (12) require background checks for airport security screening personnel, individuals with access to secure areas of airports, and other transportation security personnel; (13) work in conjunction with the Adminis- trator of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to any actions or activities that may affect aviation safety or air carrier oper- ations; (14) work with the International Civil Avia- tion Organization and appropriate aeronautic Page 63 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 authorities of foreign governments under sec- tion 44907 to address security concerns on pas- senger flights by foreign air carriers in foreign air transportation; (15) establish and maintain a National De- ployment Office as required under section 44948 of this title; and (16) carry out such other duties, and exercise such other powers, relating to transportation security as the Administrator considers appro- priate, to the extent authorized by law. (g) NATIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the direction and control of the Secretary of Homeland Secu- rity, the Administrator, during a national emergency, shall have the following respon- sibilities: (A) To coordinate domestic transpor- tation, including aviation, rail, and other surface transportation, and maritime trans- portation (including port security). (B) To coordinate and oversee the trans- portation-related responsibilities of other departments and agencies of the Federal Government other than the Department of Defense and the military departments. (C) To coordinate and provide notice to other departments and agencies of the Fed- eral Government, and appropriate agencies of State and local governments, including departments and agencies for transpor- tation, law enforcement, and border control, about threats to transportation. (D) To carry out such other duties, and ex- ercise such other powers, relating to trans- portation during a national emergency as the Secretary of Homeland Security shall prescribe. (2) AUTHORITY OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.—The authority of the Adminis- trator under this subsection shall not super- sede the authority of any other department or agency of the Federal Government under law with respect to transportation or transpor- tation-related matters, whether or not during a national emergency. (3) CIRCUMSTANCES.—The Secretary of Home- land Security shall prescribe the cir- cumstances constituting a national emergency for purposes of this subsection. (h) MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY INFORMATION.— In consultation with the Transportation Secu- rity Oversight Board, the Administrator shall— (1) enter into memoranda of understanding with Federal agencies or other entities to share or otherwise cross-check as necessary data on individuals identified on Federal agen- cy databases who may pose a risk to transpor- tation or national security; (2) establish procedures for notifying the Ad- ministrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis- tration, appropriate State and local law en- forcement officials, and airport or airline se- curity officers of the identity of individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat to airline or passenger safety; (3) in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies and air carriers, establish policies and procedures requiring air carriers— (A) to use information from government agencies to identify individuals on passenger lists who may be a threat to civil aviation or national security; and (B) if such an individual is identified, no- tify appropriate law enforcement agencies, prevent the individual from boarding an air- craft, or take other appropriate action with respect to that individual; and (4) consider requiring passenger air carriers to share passenger lists with appropriate Fed- eral agencies for the purpose of identifying in- dividuals who may pose a threat to aviation safety or national security. (i) VIEW OF NTSB.—In taking any action under this section that could affect safety, the Admin- istrator shall give great weight to the timely views of the National Transportation Safety Board. (j) ACQUISITIONS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator is au- thorized— (A) to acquire (by purchase, lease, con- demnation, or otherwise) such real property, or any interest therein, within and outside the continental United States, as the Ad- ministrator considers necessary; (B) to acquire (by purchase, lease, con- demnation, or otherwise) and to construct, repair, operate, and maintain such personal property (including office space and pat- ents), or any interest therein, within and outside the continental United States, as the Administrator considers necessary; (C) to lease to others such real and per- sonal property and to provide by contract or otherwise for necessary facilities for the welfare of its employees and to acquire, maintain, and operate equipment for these facilities; (D) to acquire services, including such per- sonal services as the Secretary of Homeland Security determines necessary, and to ac- quire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise) and to construct, repair, operate, and maintain research and testing sites and facilities; and (E) in cooperation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, to utilize the research and development facili- ties of the Federal Aviation Administration. (2) TITLE.—Title to any property or interest therein acquired pursuant to this subsection shall be held by the Government of the United States. (k) TRANSFERS OF FUNDS.—The Administrator is authorized to accept transfers of unobligated balances and unexpended balances of funds ap- propriated to other Federal agencies (as such term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5) to carry out functions assigned by law to the Ad- ministrator. (l) REGULATIONS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator is au- thorized to issue, rescind, and revise such reg- ulations as are necessary to carry out the functions of the Administration. (2) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law or executive order (in- Page 64 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized. cluding an executive order requiring a cost- benefit analysis), if the Administrator deter- mines that a regulation or security directive must be issued immediately in order to pro- tect transportation security, the Adminis- trator shall issue the regulation or security directive without providing notice or an op- portunity for comment and without prior ap- proval of the Secretary. (B) REVIEW BY TRANSPORTATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT BOARD.—Any regulation or secu- rity directive issued under this paragraph shall be subject to review by the Transpor- tation Security Oversight Board established under section 115. Any regulation or security directive issued under this paragraph shall remain effective for a period not to exceed 90 days unless ratified or disapproved by the Board or rescinded by the Administrator. (3) FACTORS TO CONSIDER.—In determining whether to issue, rescind, or revise a regula- tion under this section, the Administrator shall consider, as a factor in the final deter- mination, whether the costs of the regulation are excessive in relation to the enhancement of security the regulation will provide. The Administrator may waive requirements for an analysis that estimates the number of lives that will be saved by the regulation and the monetary value of such lives if the Adminis- trator determines that it is not feasible to make such an estimate. (4) AIRWORTHINESS OBJECTIONS BY FAA.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall not take an aviation security action under this title if the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration notifies the Admin- istrator that the action could adversely af- fect the airworthiness of an aircraft. (B) REVIEW BY SECRETARY.—Notwith- standing subparagraph (A), the Adminis- trator may take such an action, after receiv- ing a notification concerning the action from the Administrator of the Federal Avia- tion Administration under subparagraph (A), if the Secretary of Transportation subse- quently approves the action. (m) PERSONNEL AND SERVICES; COOPERATION BY ADMINISTRATOR.— (1) AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATOR.—In car- rying out the functions of the Administration, the Administrator shall have the same author- ity as is provided to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under sub- sections (l) and (m) of section 106. (2) AUTHORITY OF AGENCY HEADS.—The head of a Federal agency shall have the same au- thority to provide services, supplies, equip- ment, personnel, and facilities to the Adminis- trator as the head has to provide services, sup- plies, equipment, personnel, and facilities to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Ad- ministration under section 106(m). (n) PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The personnel management system established by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under section 40122 shall apply to employees of the Transportation Security Administration, or, subject to the requirements of such section, the Administrator may make such modifica- tions to the personnel management system with respect to such employees as the Admin- istrator considers appropriate, such as adopt- ing aspects of other personnel systems of the Department of Homeland Security. (2) MERITORIOUS EXECUTIVE OR DISTINGUISHED EXECUTIVE RANK AWARDS.—Notwithstanding section 40122(g)(2) of this title, the applicable sections of title 5 shall apply to the Transpor- tation Security Administration personnel management system, except that— (A) for purposes of applying such provi- sions to the personnel management system— (i) the term ‘‘agency’’ means the Depart- ment of Homeland Security; (ii) the term ‘‘senior executive’’ means a Transportation Security Administration executive serving on a Transportation Se- curity Executive Service appointment; (iii) the term ‘‘career appointee’’ means a Transportation Security Administration executive serving on a career Transpor- tation Security Executive Service appoint- ment; and (iv) The 1 term ‘‘senior career employee’’ means a Transportation Security Adminis- tration employee covered by the Transpor- tation Security Administration Core Com- pensation System at the L or M pay band; (B) receipt by a career appointee or a sen- ior career employee of the rank of Meri- torious Executive or Meritorious Senior Pro- fessional entitles the individual to a lump- sum payment of an amount equal to 20 per- cent of annual basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the ap- plicable Transportation Security Adminis- tration pay system; and (C) receipt by a career appointee or a sen- ior career employee of the rank of Distin- guished Executive or Distinguished Senior Professional entitles the individual to a lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 35 percent of annual basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the applicable Transportation Security Adminis- tration pay system. (3) DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE SECTIONS OF TITLE 5.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘applica- ble sections of title 5’’ means— (A) subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 4507 of title 5; and (B) subsections (b) and (c) of section 4507a of title 5. (o) AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.—The Transportation Security Administration shall be subject to chapter 4 of title 5 and other laws relating to the authority of the Inspector Gen- eral of the Department of Homeland Security. (p) LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may designate an employee of the Transportation Security Administration or other Federal agency to serve as a law enforcement officer. (2) POWERS.—While engaged in official duties of the Administration as required to fulfill the responsibilities under this section, a law en- Page 65 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 forcement officer designated under paragraph (1) may— (A) carry a firearm; (B) make an arrest without a warrant for any offense against the United States com- mitted in the presence of the officer, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if the officer has probable cause to believe that the person to be ar- rested has committed or is committing the felony; and (C) seek and execute warrants for arrest or seizure of evidence issued under the author- ity of the United States upon probable cause that a violation has been committed. (3) GUIDELINES ON EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY.— The authority provided by this subsection shall be exercised in accordance with guide- lines prescribed by the Administrator, in con- sultation with the Attorney General of the United States, and shall include adherence to the Attorney General’s policy on use of deadly force. (4) REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF AUTHOR- ITY.—The powers authorized by this subsection may be rescinded or suspended should the At- torney General determine that the Adminis- trator has not complied with the guidelines prescribed in paragraph (3) and conveys the de- termination in writing to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Administrator. (q) AUTHORITY TO EXEMPT.—The Adminis- trator may grant an exemption from a regula- tion prescribed in carrying out this section if the Administrator determines that the exemp- tion is in the public interest. (r) NONDISCLOSURE OF SECURITY ACTIVITIES.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5, the Administrator shall prescribe regulations prohibiting the disclosure of infor- mation obtained or developed in carrying out security under authority of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Public Law 107–71) or under chapter 449 of this title if the Administrator decides that disclosing the in- formation would— (A) be an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy; (B) reveal a trade secret or privileged or confidential commercial or financial infor- mation; or (C) be detrimental to the security of trans- portation. (2) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION TO CON- GRESS.—Paragraph (1) does not authorize in- formation to be withheld from a committee of Congress authorized to have the information. (3) LIMITATION ON TRANSFERABILITY OF DU- TIES.—Except as otherwise provided by law, the Administrator may not transfer a duty or power under this subsection to another depart- ment, agency, or instrumentality of the United States. (4) LIMITATIONS.—Nothing in this subsection, or any other provision of law, shall be con- strued to authorize the designation of infor- mation as sensitive security information (as defined in section 1520.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations)— (A) to conceal a violation of law, ineffi- ciency, or administrative error; (B) to prevent embarrassment to a person, organization, or agency; (C) to restrain competition; or (D) to prevent or delay the release of infor- mation that does not require protection in the interest of transportation security, in- cluding basic scientific research information not clearly related to transportation secu- rity. (s) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY STRATEGIC PLANNING.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop, prepare, implement, and update, as needed— (A) a National Strategy for Transportation Security; and (B) transportation modal security plans addressing security risks, including threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences, for avia- tion, railroad, ferry, highway, maritime, pipeline, public transportation, over-the- road bus, and other transportation infra- structure assets. (2) ROLE OF SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION.— The Secretary of Homeland Security shall work jointly with the Secretary of Transpor- tation in developing, revising, and updating the documents required by paragraph (1). (3) CONTENTS OF NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY.—The National Strategy for Transportation Security shall in- clude the following: (A) An identification and evaluation of the transportation assets in the United States that, in the interests of national security and commerce, must be protected from at- tack or disruption by terrorist or other hos- tile forces, including modal security plans for aviation, bridge and tunnel, commuter rail and ferry, highway, maritime, pipeline, rail, mass transit, over-the-road bus, and other public transportation infrastructure assets that could be at risk of such an at- tack or disruption. (B) The development of risk-based prior- ities, based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary of Homeland Security (including assessments conducted under the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007) across all transportation modes and realistic deadlines for addressing security needs associated with those assets referred to in subpara- graph (A). (C) The most appropriate, practical, and cost-effective means of defending those as- sets against threats to their security. (D) A forward-looking strategic plan that sets forth the agreed upon roles and missions of Federal, State, regional, local, and tribal authorities and establishes mechanisms for encouraging cooperation and participation by private sector entities, including non- profit employee labor organizations, in the implementation of such plan. (E) A comprehensive delineation of preven- tion, response, and recovery responsibilities and issues regarding threatened and exe- cuted acts of terrorism within the United States and threatened and executed acts of Page 66 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 terrorism outside the United States to the extent such acts affect United States trans- portation systems. (F) A prioritization of research and devel- opment objectives that support transpor- tation security needs, giving a higher pri- ority to research and development directed toward protecting vital transportation as- sets. Transportation security research and development projects shall be based, to the extent practicable, on such prioritization. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed to require the termination of any research or development project initiated by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary of Transportation before the date of enactment of the Implementing Rec- ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. (G) A 3- and 10-year budget for Federal transportation security programs that will achieve the priorities of the National Strat- egy for Transportation Security. (H) Methods for linking the individual transportation modal security plans and the programs contained therein, and a plan for addressing the security needs of intermodal transportation. (I) Transportation modal security plans described in paragraph (1)(B), including oper- ational recovery plans to expedite, to the maximum extent practicable, the return to operation of an adversely affected transpor- tation system following a major terrorist at- tack on that system or other incident. These plans shall be coordinated with the resump- tion of trade protocols required under sec- tion 202 of the SAFE Port Act (6 U.S.C. 942) and the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan required under section 70103(a) of title 46. (4) SUBMISSION OF PLANS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Home- land Security shall submit the National Strategy for Transportation Security, in- cluding the transportation modal security plans and any revisions to the National Strategy for Transportation Security and the transportation modal security plans, to appropriate congressional committees not less frequently than April 1 of each even- numbered year. (B) PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORT.— (i) REQUIREMENT FOR REPORT.—Each year, in conjunction with the submission of the budget to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall sub- mit to the appropriate congressional com- mittees an assessment of the progress made on implementing the National Strat- egy for Transportation Security, including the transportation modal security plans. (ii) CONTENT.—Each progress report sub- mitted under this subparagraph shall in- clude, at a minimum, the following: (I) Recommendations for improving and implementing the National Strategy for Transportation Security and the transportation modal and intermodal se- curity plans that the Secretary of Home- land Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, considers appropriate. (II) An accounting of all grants for transportation security, including grants and contracts for research and develop- ment, awarded by the Secretary of Homeland Security in the most recent fiscal year and a description of how such grants accomplished the goals of the Na- tional Strategy for Transportation Secu- rity. (III) An accounting of all— (aa) funds requested in the Presi- dent’s budget submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31 for the most re- cent fiscal year for transportation se- curity, by mode; (bb) personnel working on transpor- tation security by mode, including the number of contractors; and (cc) information on the turnover in the previous year among senior staff of the Department of Homeland Security, including component agencies, work- ing on transportation security issues. Such information shall include the number of employees who have perma- nently left the office, agency, or area in which they worked, and the amount of time that they worked for the De- partment of Homeland Security. (iii) WRITTEN EXPLANATION OF TRANSPOR- TATION SECURITY ACTIVITIES NOT DELIN- EATED IN THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY.—At the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Home- land Security shall submit to the appro- priate congressional committees a written explanation of any Federal transportation security activity that is inconsistent with the National Strategy for Transportation Security, including the amount of funds to be expended for the activity and the num- ber of personnel involved. (C) CLASSIFIED MATERIAL.—Any part of the National Strategy for Transportation Secu- rity or the transportation modal security plans that involve information that is prop- erly classified under criteria established by Executive order shall be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees sepa- rately in a classified format. (D) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Rep- resentatives and the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Homeland Security and Gov- ernmental Affairs, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (5) PRIORITY STATUS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The National Strategy for Transportation Security shall be the governing document for Federal transpor- tation security efforts. Page 67 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 (B) OTHER PLANS AND REPORTS.—The Na- tional Strategy for Transportation Security shall include, as an integral part or as an ap- pendix— (i) the current National Maritime Trans- portation Security Plan under section 70103 of title 46; (ii) the report required by section 44938 of this title; (iii) transportation modal security plans required under this section; (iv) the transportation sector specific plan required under Homeland Security Presidential Directive–7; and (v) any other transportation security plan or report that the Secretary of Home- land Security determines appropriate for inclusion. (6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the re- sponsibilities under this section, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation, shall consult, as appropriate, with Federal, State, and local agencies, tribal governments, private sector entities (including nonprofit employee labor organizations), institutions of higher learning, and other entities. (7) PLAN DISTRIBUTION.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall make available and appropriately publicize an unclassified version of the National Strategy for Transportation Security, including its component transpor- tation modal security plans, to Federal, State, regional, local and tribal authorities, trans- portation system owners or operators, private sector stakeholders, including nonprofit em- ployee labor organizations representing trans- portation employees, institutions of higher learning, and other appropriate entities. (t) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY INFORMATION SHARING PLAN.— (1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: (A) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ has the meaning given that term in subsection (s)(4)(E). (B) PLAN.—The term ‘‘Plan’’ means the Transportation Security Information Shar- ing Plan established under paragraph (2). (C) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STAKEHOLDERS.— The term ‘‘public and private stakeholders’’ means Federal, State, and local agencies, tribal governments, and appropriate private entities, including nonprofit employee labor organizations representing transportation employees. (D) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY INFORMA- TION.—The term ‘‘transportation security in- formation’’ means information relating to the risks to transportation modes, including aviation, public transportation, railroad, ferry, highway, maritime, pipeline, and over- the-road bus transportation, and may in- clude specific and general intelligence prod- ucts, as appropriate. (2) ESTABLISHMENT OF PLAN.—The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the program manager of the information shar- ing environment established under section 1016 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pre- vention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 485), the Sec- retary of Transportation, and public and pri- vate stakeholders, shall establish a Transpor- tation Security Information Sharing Plan. In establishing the Plan, the Secretary of Home- land Security shall gather input on the devel- opment of the Plan from private and public stakeholders and the program manager of the information sharing environment established under section 1016 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 485). (3) PURPOSE OF PLAN.—The Plan shall pro- mote sharing of transportation security infor- mation between the Department of Homeland Security and public and private stakeholders. (4) CONTENT OF PLAN.—The Plan shall in- clude— (A) a description of how intelligence ana- lysts within the Department of Homeland Security will coordinate their activities within the Department and with other Fed- eral, State, and local agencies, and tribal governments, including coordination with existing modal information sharing centers and the center described in section 1410 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007; (B) the establishment of a point of con- tact, which may be a single point of contact within the Department of Homeland Secu- rity, for each mode of transportation for the sharing of transportation security informa- tion with public and private stakeholders, including an explanation and justification to the appropriate congressional committees if the point of contact established pursuant to this subparagraph differs from the agency within the Department of Homeland Secu- rity that has the primary authority, or has been delegated such authority by the Sec- retary of Homeland Security, to regulate the security of that transportation mode; (C) a reasonable deadline by which the Plan will be implemented; and (D) a description of resource needs for ful- filling the Plan. (5) COORDINATION WITH INFORMATION SHAR- ING.—The Plan shall be— (A) implemented in coordination, as appro- priate, with the program manager for the in- formation sharing environment established under section 1016 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 485); and (B) consistent with the establishment of the information sharing environment and any policies, guidelines, procedures, instruc- tions, or standards established by the Presi- dent or the program manager for the imple- mentation and management of the informa- tion sharing environment. (6) ANNUAL REPORT ON PLAN.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall annually submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report containing the Plan. (7) SECURITY CLEARANCES.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall, to the greatest ex- tent practicable, take steps to expedite the se- curity clearances needed for designated public Page 68 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 and private stakeholders to receive and obtain access to classified information distributed under this section, as appropriate. (8) CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIAL.—The Sec- retary of Homeland Security, to the greatest extent practicable, shall provide designated public and private stakeholders with transpor- tation security information in an unclassified format. (u) ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS AND ORDERS OF THE SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY.— (1) APPLICATION OF SUBSECTION.— (A) IN GENERAL.—This subsection applies to the enforcement of regulations pre- scribed, and orders issued, by the Secretary of Homeland Security under a provision of chapter 701 of title 46 and under a provision of this title other than a provision of chap- ter 449 (in this subsection referred to as an ‘‘applicable provision of this title’’). (B) VIOLATIONS OF CHAPTER 449.—The pen- alties for violations of regulations pre- scribed and orders issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Administrator under chapter 449 of this title are provided under chapter 463 of this title. (C) NONAPPLICATION TO CERTAIN VIOLA- TIONS.— (i) Paragraphs (2) through (5) do not apply to violations of regulations pre- scribed, and orders issued, by the Sec- retary of Homeland Security under a pro- vision of this title— (I) involving the transportation of per- sonnel or shipments of materials by con- tractors where the Department of De- fense has assumed control and responsi- bility; (II) by a member of the armed forces of the United States when performing offi- cial duties; or (III) by a civilian employee of the De- partment of Defense when performing of- ficial duties. (ii) Violations described in subclause (I), (II), or (III) of clause (i) shall be subject to penalties as determined by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Defense’s designee. (2) CIVIL PENALTY.— (A) IN GENERAL.—A person is liable to the United States Government for a civil pen- alty of not more than $10,000 for a violation of a regulation prescribed, or order issued, by the Secretary of Homeland Security under an applicable provision of this title. (B) REPEAT VIOLATIONS.—A separate viola- tion occurs under this paragraph for each day the violation continues. (3) ADMINISTRATIVE IMPOSITION OF CIVIL PEN- ALTIES.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Home- land Security may impose a civil penalty for a violation of a regulation prescribed, or order issued, under an applicable provision of this title. The Secretary shall give writ- ten notice of the finding of a violation and the penalty. (B) SCOPE OF CIVIL ACTION.—In a civil ac- tion to collect a civil penalty imposed by the Secretary of Homeland Security under this subsection, a court may not re-examine issues of liability or the amount of the pen- alty. (C) JURISDICTION.—The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive juris- diction of civil actions to collect a civil pen- alty imposed by the Secretary of Homeland Security under this subsection if— (i) the amount in controversy is more than— (I) $400,000, if the violation was com- mitted by a person other than an indi- vidual or small business concern; or (II) $50,000 if the violation was com- mitted by an individual or small busi- ness concern; (ii) the action is in rem or another ac- tion in rem based on the same violation has been brought; or (iii) another action has been brought for an injunction based on the same violation. (D) MAXIMUM PENALTY.—The maximum civil penalty the Secretary of Homeland Se- curity administratively may impose under this paragraph is— (i) $400,000, if the violation was com- mitted by a person other than an indi- vidual or small business concern; or (ii) $50,000, if the violation was com- mitted by an individual or small business concern. (E) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO REQUEST HEARING.—Before imposing a penalty under this section the Secretary of Homeland Se- curity shall provide to the person against whom the penalty is to be imposed— (i) written notice of the proposed pen- alty; and (ii) the opportunity to request a hearing on the proposed penalty, if the Secretary of Homeland Security receives the request not later than 30 days after the date on which the person receives notice. (4) COMPROMISE AND SETOFF.— (A) The Secretary of Homeland Security may compromise the amount of a civil pen- alty imposed under this subsection. (B) The Government may deduct the amount of a civil penalty imposed or com- promised under this subsection from amounts it owes the person liable for the penalty. (5) INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS.—Chap- ter 461 shall apply to investigations and pro- ceedings brought under this subsection to the same extent that it applies to investigations and proceedings brought with respect to avia- tion security duties designated to be carried out by the Secretary of Homeland Security. (6) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: (A) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ does not include— (i) the United States Postal Service; or (ii) the Department of Defense. (B) SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN.—The term ‘‘small business concern’’ has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632). Page 69 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 (7) ENFORCEMENT TRANSPARENCY.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Home- land Security shall— (i) provide an annual summary to the public of all enforcement actions taken by the Secretary under this subsection; and (ii) include in each such summary the docket number of each enforcement ac- tion, the type of alleged violation, the pen- alty or penalties proposed, and the final assessment amount of each penalty. (B) ELECTRONIC AVAILABILITY.—Each sum- mary under this paragraph shall be made available to the public by electronic means. (C) RELATIONSHIP TO THE FREEDOM OF IN- FORMATION ACT AND THE PRIVACY ACT.—Noth- ing in this subsection shall be construed to require disclosure of information or records that are exempt from disclosure under sec- tions 552 or 552a of title 5. (v) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Trans- portation Security Administration for salaries, operations, and maintenance of the Administra- tion— (1) $7,849,247,000 for fiscal year 2019; (2) $7,888,494,000 for fiscal year 2020; and (3) $7,917,936,000 for fiscal year 2021. (w) LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION.— (1) IN GENERAL.—For each of the areas de- scribed in paragraph (2), the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall appoint at least 1 individual who shall— (A) report directly to the Administrator or the Administrator’s designated direct re- port; and (B) be responsible and accountable for that area. (2) AREAS DESCRIBED.—The areas described in this paragraph are as follows: (A) Aviation security operations and train- ing, including risk-based, adaptive secu- rity— (i) focused on airport checkpoint and baggage screening operations; (ii) workforce training and development programs; and (iii) ensuring compliance with aviation security law, including regulations, and other specialized programs designed to se- cure air transportation. (B) Surface transportation security oper- ations and training, including risk-based, adaptive security— (i) focused on accomplishing security systems assessments; (ii) reviewing and prioritizing projects for appropriated surface transportation se- curity grants; (iii) operator compliance with surface transportation security law, including reg- ulations, and voluntary industry stand- ards; and (iv) workforce training and development programs, and other specialized programs designed to secure surface transportation. (C) Transportation industry engagement and planning, including the development, in- terpretation, promotion, and oversight of a unified effort regarding risk-based, risk-re- ducing security policies and plans (including strategic planning for future contingencies and security challenges) between govern- ment and transportation stakeholders, in- cluding airports, domestic and international airlines, general aviation, air cargo, mass transit and passenger rail, freight rail, pipe- line, highway and motor carriers, and mari- time. (D) International strategy and operations, including agency efforts to work with inter- national partners to secure the global trans- portation network. (E) Trusted and registered traveler pro- grams, including the management and mar- keting of the agency’s trusted traveler ini- tiatives, including the PreCheck Program, and coordination with trusted traveler pro- grams of other Department of Homeland Se- curity agencies and the private sector. (F) Technology acquisition and deploy- ment, including the oversight, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition, deployment, and maintenance of security technology and other acquisition programs. (G) Inspection and compliance, including the integrity, efficiency and effectiveness of the agency’s workforce, operations, and pro- grams through objective audits, covert test- ing, inspections, criminal investigations, and regulatory compliance. (H) Civil rights, liberties, and traveler en- gagement, including ensuring that agency employees and the traveling public are treated in a fair and lawful manner con- sistent with Federal laws and regulations protecting privacy and prohibiting discrimi- nation and reprisal. (I) Legislative and public affairs, including communication and engagement with inter- nal and external audiences in a timely, accu- rate, and transparent manner, and develop- ment and implementation of strategies with- in the agency to achieve congressional ap- proval or authorization of agency programs and policies. (3) NOTIFICATION.—The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con- gress— (A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, a list of the names of the individuals ap- pointed under paragraph (1); and (B) an update of the list not later than 5 days after any new individual is appointed under paragraph (1). (x) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY PREPAREDNESS PLAN.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this sub- section, the Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Administrator, in coordi- nation with the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Homeland Security, and in con- sultation with the partners identified under paragraphs (3)(A)(i) through (3)(A)(iv), shall develop a transportation security prepared- ness plan to address the event of a commu- Page 70 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 nicable disease outbreak. The Secretary, act- ing through the Administrator, shall ensure such plan aligns with relevant Federal plans and strategies for communicable disease out- breaks. (2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In developing the plan required under paragraph (1), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall con- sider each of the following: (A) The findings of the survey required under section 6411 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022. (B) The findings of the analysis required under section 6414 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022. (C) The plan required under section 6415 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022. (D) All relevant reports and recommenda- tions regarding the Administration’s re- sponse to the COVID–19 pandemic, including any reports and recommendations issued by the Comptroller General and the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Se- curity. (E) Lessons learned from Federal inter- agency efforts during the COVID–19 pan- demic. (3) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The plan developed under paragraph (1) shall include each of the following: (A) Plans for communicating and collabo- rating in the event of a communicable dis- ease outbreak with the following partners: (i) Appropriate Federal departments and agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Transportation, the Depart- ment of Labor, and appropriate inter- agency task forces. (ii) The workforce of the Administration, including through the labor organization certified as the exclusive representative of full- and part-time non-supervisory Ad- ministration personnel carrying out screening functions under section 44901 of this title. (iii) International partners, including the International Civil Aviation Organiza- tion and foreign governments, airports, and air carriers. (iv) Public and private stakeholders, as such term is defined under subsection (t)(1)(C). (v) The traveling public. (B) Plans for protecting the safety of the Transportation Security Administration workforce, including— (i) reducing the risk of communicable disease transmission at screening check- points and within the Administration’s workforce related to the Administration’s transportation security operations and mission; (ii) ensuring the safety and hygiene of screening checkpoints and other workstations; (iii) supporting equitable and appro- priate access to relevant vaccines, pre- scriptions, and other medical care; and (iv) tracking rates of employee illness, recovery, and death. (C) Criteria for determining the conditions that may warrant the integration of addi- tional actions in the aviation screening sys- tem in response to the communicable dis- ease outbreak and a range of potential roles and responsibilities that align with such conditions. (D) Contingency plans for temporarily ad- justing checkpoint operations to provide for passenger and employee safety while main- taining security during the communicable disease outbreak. (E) Provisions setting forth criteria for es- tablishing an interagency task force or other standing engagement platform with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services and the Depart- ment of Transportation, to address such communicable disease outbreak. (F) A description of scenarios in which the Administrator should consider exercising authorities provided under subsection (g) and for what purposes. (G) Considerations for assessing the appro- priateness of issuing security directives and emergency amendments to regulated parties in various modes of transportation, includ- ing surface transportation, and plans for en- suring compliance with such measures. (H) A description of any potential obsta- cles, including funding constraints and limi- tations to authorities, that could restrict the ability of the Administration to respond appropriately to a communicable disease outbreak. (4) DISSEMINATION.—Upon development of the plan required under paragraph (1), the Ad- ministrator shall disseminate the plan to the partners identified under paragraph (3)(A) and to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Com- mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- mental Affairs and the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. (5) REVIEW OF PLAN.—Not later than two years after the date on which the plan is dis- seminated under paragraph (4), and biennially thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in coordination with the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Homeland Security, shall review the plan and, after consultation with the partners identified under paragraphs (3)(A)(i) through (3)(A)(iv), update the plan as appropriate. (Added Pub. L. 107–71, title I, § 101(a), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 597; amended Pub. L. 107–296, title XVI, § 1601(b), title XVII, § 1707, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2312, 2318; Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title III, § 351(d), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 108–458, title IV, § 4001(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3710; Pub. L. 110–53, title XII, §§ 1202, 1203(a), title XIII, § 1302(a), title XV, § 1503(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 381, 383, 390, 425; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, § 568(a), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2092; Pub. L. 111–83, title V, § 561(c)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2182; Pub. L. 114–301, § 2(d), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Page 71 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 Stat. 1514; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §§ 1903, 1904(a), (b)(1), 1905, 1909, 1988(c), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3543, 3544, 3546, 3549, 3623; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIV, § 6412(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(b)(95), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4353.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(C) and (w)(3)(A), is the date of enactment of title I of div. K of Pub. L. 115–254, which was approved Oct. 5, 2018. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act, re- ferred to in subsec. (r)(1), is Pub. L. 107–71, Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 597. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2001 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables. The Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Com- mission Act of 2007, referred to in subsec. (s)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 110–53, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 266. Section 1410 of the Act is classified to section 1139 of Title 6, Domestic Security. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 6 and Tables. The date of enactment of the Implementing Rec- ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, re- ferred to in subsec. (s)(3)(F), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–53, which was approved Aug. 3, 2007. The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (x)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–81, which was approved Dec. 27, 2021. Section 6411 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, referred to in subsec. (x)(2)(A), is section 6411 of div. F of Pub. L. 117–81, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2409, which is not classified to the Code. Section 6414 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, referred to in subsec. (x)(2)(B), is section 6414 of div. F of Pub. L. 117–81, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2412, which is not classified to the Code. Section 6415 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, referred to in subsec. (x)(2)(C), is section 6415 of Pub. L. 117–81, which is set out as a note under section 44901 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted ‘‘chapter 4 of title 5’’ for ‘‘the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)’’. 2021—Subsec. (x). Pub. L. 117–81 added subsec. (x). 2018—Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(a)(3), substituted ‘‘Admin- istrator’’ for ‘‘Under Secretary’’ wherever appearing in subsecs. (c) to (n), (p), (q), and (r). Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(a)(1), substituted ‘‘Department of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Department of Transportation’’. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(a)(2), amended sub- sec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as fol- lows: ‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—The head of the Administration shall be the Under Secretary of Transportation for Se- curity. The Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. ‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Under Secretary must— ‘‘(A) be a citizen of the United States; and ‘‘(B) have experience in a field directly related to transportation or security. ‘‘(3) TERM.—The term of office of an individual ap- pointed as the Under Secretary shall be 5 years.’’ Subsec. (f)(15), (16). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1988(c), added par. (15) and redesignated former par. (15) as (16). Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(A)(i)(I), sub- stituted ‘‘Subject to the direction and control of the Secretary of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Subject to the direction and control of the Secretary’’ in introductory provisions. Subsecs. (g)(1)(D), (3), (j)(1)(D). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(A)(i)(II), (ii), (B), inserted ‘‘of Homeland Se- curity’’ after ‘‘Secretary’’. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(C), substituted ‘‘functions assigned’’ for ‘‘functions transferred, on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation and Trans- portation Security Act,’’. Subsec. (l)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(D), sub- stituted ‘‘Administrator of the Federal Aviation Ad- ministration under subparagraph (A)’’ for ‘‘Adminis- trator under subparagraph (A)’’. Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1909, inserted par. (1) designation and heading before ‘‘The personnel man- agement system’’, added pars. (2) and (3), and realigned margins. Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(E), substituted ‘‘Depart- ment of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Department of Transportation’’. Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(F), substituted ‘‘Department of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Department of Transportation’’. Subsec. (p)(4). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(G), sub- stituted ‘‘Secretary of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Sec- retary of Transportation’’. Subsec. (s)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(i), in- serted closing parenthesis after ‘‘Act of 2007’’. Subsec. (s)(4). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(I), sub- stituted ‘‘Submission of plans’’ for ‘‘Submissions of plans to Congress’’ in heading. Subsec. (s)(4)(A). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(IV)(bb), which directed amendment of subpar. (A) by substituting ‘‘The’’ for ‘‘After December 31, 2015, the’’, was executed by making the substitution for ‘‘After December 31, 2005, the’’ to reflect the prob- able intent of Congress. Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(IV)(aa), substituted ‘‘In general’’ for ‘‘Subsequent versions’’ in heading. Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(II), (III), redesig- nated subpar. (B) as (A) and struck out former subpar. (A). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (A) read as fol- lows: ‘‘The Secretary of Homeland Security shall sub- mit the National Strategy for Transportation Security, including the transportation modal security plans, de- veloped under this subsection to the appropriate con- gressional committees not later than April 1, 2005.’’ Subsec. (s)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(III), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B). Former subpar. (B) re- designated (A). Subsec. (s)(4)(B)(ii)(III)(cc). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(V), substituted ‘‘for the Department of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘for the Department’’. Subsec. (s)(4)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(H)(ii)(III), redesignated subpars. (D) and (E) as (C) and (D), respectively. Former subpar. (C) redesig- nated (B). Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(I), redesignated subsec. (u) as (t). Subsec. (t)(1)(D), (E). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(J)(i), redesignated subpar. (E) as (D) and struck out former subpar. (D). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (D) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Secretary’ means the Sec- retary of Homeland Security.’’ Subsec. (t)(2). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(J)(ii), in- serted ‘‘of Homeland Security’’ after ‘‘Plan, the Sec- retary’’. Subsec. (t)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(J)(iii), in- serted ‘‘of Homeland Security’’ after ‘‘agency within the Department’’ and after ‘‘Secretary’’. Subsec. (t)(6). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(J)(iv), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appro- priate congressional committees, a report containing the Plan. ‘‘(B) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit- tees a report on updates to and the implementation of the Plan.’’ Page 72 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 Subsec. (t)(7), (8). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(J)(v), in- serted ‘‘of Homeland Security’’ after ‘‘Secretary’’. Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(I), redesig- nated subsec. (v) as (u). Former subsec. (u) redesignated (t). Subsec. (u)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(K)(i)(I), inserted ‘‘or the Administrator’’ after ‘‘Secretary of Homeland Security’’. Subsec. (u)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(K)(i)(II), substituted ‘‘Secretary of Defense’s designee’’ for ‘‘Secretary’s designee’’. Subsec. (u)(3)(B) to (E), (4)(A), (5). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(K)(i)(III), (ii), (iii), inserted ‘‘of Homeland Security’’ after ‘‘Secretary’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (u)(7)(A). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(K)(iv)(I), substituted ‘‘The Secretary of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Not later than December 31, 2008, and annually there- after, the Secretary’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (u)(7)(D). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(K)(iv)(II), struck out subpar. (D). Text read as follows: ‘‘Not later than 180 days after the enactment of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, the Secretary shall provide a report to the public de- scribing the enforcement process established under this subsection.’’ Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1904(b)(1)(I), redesig- nated subsec. (w) as (v). Former subsec. (v) redesig- nated (u). Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1905, added subsec. (w). Former subsec. (w) redesignated (v). Pub. L. 115–254, § 1903, amended subsec. (w) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (w) related to authoriza- tion of appropriations for railroad, over-the-road bus and trucking, and hazardous material and pipeline se- curity for fiscal years 2008 through 2011. 2016—Subsec. (u)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–301, § 2(d)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘subsection (s)(4)(E)’’ for ‘‘subsection (t)’’. Subsec. (u)(7) to (9). Pub. L. 114–301, § 2(d)(2), (3), re- designated pars. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively, and struck out former par. (7) which related to surveys and reports. 2009—Subsec. (r)(4). Pub. L. 111–83 added par. (4). 2007—Subsecs. (o) to (s). Pub. L. 110–161 redesignated subsecs. (p) to (s) as (o) to (r), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (o). Text of former subsec. (o) read as follows: ‘‘The acquisition management system estab- lished by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under section 40110 shall apply to ac- quisitions of equipment, supplies, and materials by the Transportation Security Administration, or, subject to the requirements of such section, the Under Secretary may make such modifications to the acquisition man- agement system with respect to such acquisitions of equipment, supplies, and materials as the Under Sec- retary considers appropriate, such as adopting aspects of other acquisition management systems of the De- partment of Transportation.’’ Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 110–161 redesignated subsec. (t) as (s). Subsec. (t)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(a), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: ‘‘transportation modal security plans.’’ Subsec. (t)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(b)(1), inserted ‘‘, based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary of Homeland Security (including assess- ments conducted under the Implementing Rec- ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007’’ after ‘‘risk-based priorities’’. Subsec. (t)(3)(D). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(b)(2), sub- stituted ‘‘local, and tribal’’ for ‘‘and local’’ and ‘‘co- operation and participation by private sector entities, including nonprofit employee labor organizations,’’ for ‘‘private sector cooperation and participation’’. Subsec. (t)(3)(E). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(b)(3), sub- stituted ‘‘prevention, response, and recovery’’ for ‘‘re- sponse and recovery’’ and inserted ‘‘and threatened and executed acts of terrorism outside the United States to the extent such acts affect United States transpor- tation systems’’ before period at end. Subsec. (t)(3)(F). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(b)(4), inserted at end ‘‘Transportation security research and develop- ment projects shall be based, to the extent practicable, on such prioritization. Nothing in the preceding sen- tence shall be construed to require the termination of any research or development project initiated by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary of Transportation before the date of enactment of the Im- plementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007.’’ Subsec. (t)(3)(G) to (I). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(b)(5), added subpars. (G) to (I). Subsec. (t)(4)(C)(i). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(c)(1)(A), in- serted ‘‘, including the transportation modal security plans’’ before period at end. Subsec. (t)(4)(C)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(c)(1)(B), added cls. (ii) and (iii) and struck out former cl. (ii). Text of former cl. (ii) read as follows: ‘‘Each progress report under this subparagraph shall include, at a min- imum, recommendations for improving and imple- menting the National Strategy for Transportation Se- curity and the transportation modal security plans that the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, considers appropriate.’’ Subsec. (t)(4)(E). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(c)(2), added sub- par. (E) and struck out former subpar. (E). Text of former subpar. (E) read as follows: ‘‘In this subsection, the term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Select Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.’’ Subsec. (t)(5)(B)(iv), (v). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(d), added cl. (iv) and redesignated former cl. (iv) as (v). Subsec. (t)(6), (7). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1202(e), added pars. (6) and (7). Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1203(a), added subsec. (u). Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1302(a), added subsec. (v). Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 110–53, § 1503(a), added subsec. (w). 2004—Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 108–458 added subsec. (t). 2003—Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 108–7 inserted ‘‘or other Federal agency’’ after ‘‘Transportation Security Ad- ministration’’. 2002—Subsec. (l)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–296, § 1707, inserted ‘‘for a period not to exceed 90 days’’ after ‘‘effective’’ and ‘‘ratified or’’ before ‘‘disapproved’’. Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 107–296, § 1601(b), added subsec. (s). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1994, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3646, provided that: ‘‘References relating to the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security in stat- utes, Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, or delegations of authority that precede the effective date of this Act [meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–254, Oct. 5, 2018] shall be deemed to refer, as appro- priate, to the Administrator of the Transportation Se- curity Administration.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, § 568(b), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2092, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007]. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 108–458, title IV, § 4082, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3732, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 44925 of this title, amending this section, sections 44903, 44904, 44909, 44917, 44923, 46301 to 46303, and 48301 of this title, and sections 70102 and 70103 of Title 46, Shipping, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 44703, 44901, 44913, 44917, 44923, 44925, and 44935 of this title, section 2751 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 70101 of Title 46] shall take ef- fect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004].’’ Page 73 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Do- mestic Security. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and li- abilities of the Transportation Security Administra- tion of the Department of Transportation, including the functions of the Secretary of Transportation, and of the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Secu- rity, and for treatment of related references, see sec- tions 203(2), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY SCREENING MODERNIZATION Pub. L. 118–202, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2688, provided that: ‘‘SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘This Act may be cited as the ‘Transportation Secu- rity Screening Modernization Act of 2024’. ‘‘SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. ‘‘In this Act: ‘‘(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of the Transportation Secu- rity Administration. ‘‘(2) HAZMAT ENDORSEMENT.—The term ‘HAZMAT Endorsement’ means the Hazardous Materials En- dorsement Threat Assessment program authorized under section 5103a of title 49, United States Code. ‘‘(3) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and the ter- ritories and possessions of the United States. ‘‘(4) TSA.—The term ‘TSA’ means the Transpor- tation Security Administration. ‘‘(5) TWIC.—The term ‘TWIC means the Transpor- tation Worker Identification Credential authorized under section 70105 of title 46, United States Code. ‘‘SEC. 3. STREAMLINING OF APPLICATIONS FOR CERTAIN SECURITY THREAT ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECU- RITY ADMINISTRATION. ‘‘(a) STREAMLINING.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Administrator shall take such actions as are nec- essary, including issuance of an interim final rule if needed, to streamline the procedures for individuals applying for or renewing enrollment in more than one TSA security threat assessment program, in par- ticular, the TWIC and HAZMAT Endorsement pro- grams, and any other credentialing programs as de- termined by the Administrator, by— ‘‘(A) permitting an individual to enroll at any TSA authorized enrollment center once for a threat assessment program endorsement and use the appli- cation, including associated biometric and bio- graphic data, as well as information generated by TSA’s vetting, for one of such programs to enroll in any other of such programs; ‘‘(B) permitting an individual to visit any TSA authorized enrollment center and enroll in more than one TSA security threat assessment program at the same time for a fee that is less than the cu- mulative fee that would otherwise be incurred for each such program separately; ‘‘(C) permitting an individual to undergo a streamlined and expeditious renewal process; ‘‘(D) aligning the expiration of an individual’s successful, valid eligibility determination with the expiration of that individual’s eligibility to partici- pate in subsequent TSA security threat assessment programs to which the individual applies; ‘‘(E) providing to States the expiration dates for each individual’s TSA security threat assessment to ensure a commercial driver’s license of an indi- vidual who holds a HAZMAT Endorsement does not indicate the individual is authorized to transport hazardous materials after the expiration date of the enrollment of the individual in the HAZMAT En- dorsement security threat assessment program if such commercial driver’s license has an expiration date that is different from the expiration date of such enrollment; and ‘‘(F) enrolling an individual in a subsequent TSA security threat assessment program at the min- imum cost necessary for the TSA to cover printing, issuance, and case management costs, costs associ- ated with the collection of any additional biometric and biographic data in accordance with paragraph (3), and other costs that are not duplicative. ‘‘(2) STATE REQUIREMENTS FOR STREAMLINING.—Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the States shall carry out the responsibil- ities of the States pursuant to section 5103a of title 49, United States Code. ‘‘(3) SPECIAL RULE.—If an individual under this sub- section is at different times applying for or renewing enrollment in more than one TSA security threat as- sessment program, such individual may be required to revisit a TSA authorized enrollment center for the collection of additional data, such as biometrics, nec- essary for any such program that were not so col- lected in connection with any other such program. ‘‘(b) PUBLICATION.—The Administrator shall post on a publicly available website of the TSA information re- lating to the streamlining of the enrollment processes for individuals applying for more than one TSA secu- rity threat assessment program described in subsection (a). ‘‘(c) EXPEDITED RULEMAKING.—Notwithstanding sec- tions 551 through 559 of title 5, United States Code, nothing in this section shall require notice and com- ment rulemaking, and to the extent it is necessary to add additional requirements for which limited rule- making may be advisable, the Administrator shall im- plement such requirements through publication of an interim final rule. ‘‘(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief Congress on progress made toward the implemen- tation of this section. ‘‘SEC. 4. ELIMINATING DUPLICATIVE COSTS. ‘‘(a) AUDIT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Comp- troller General of the United States shall audit the ad- ministration of the security threat assessment pro- grams by the TSA and the States, including the TWIC and HAZMAT Endorsement programs. ‘‘(b) ELEMENTS.— ‘‘(1) TSA AUDIT.—In conducting the audit of the TSA required by subsection (a), the Comptroller Gen- eral shall— ‘‘(A) identify any redundancies and duplications in costs and administration of security threat as- sessment programs that if eliminated would not im- pact national security and any benefits of elimi- nating such redundancies and duplications and im- proving the experiences for individuals applying for or renewing enrollment in more than one TSA secu- rity threat assessment program; ‘‘(B) review the impacts of the implementation by the TSA of recommendations from previous studies conducted by the Comptroller General, including GAO–07–756 and GAO–17–182, on increasing the effi- ciency and effectiveness, and reducing costs, of processing applications for enrollment and renewal in TSA security threat assessment programs; ‘‘(C) review the findings of the assessment re- quired by section 1(b) of the Act entitled ‘An Act to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to pre- pare a comprehensive security assessment of the Page 74 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 transportation security card program, and for other purposes’, approved December 16, 2016 (46 U.S.C. 70105 note; Public Law 114–278) and determine whether the TSA has implemented any remedies to redundancies and duplication identified by that as- sessment and whether such implementation im- pacted national security; ‘‘(D) determine whether there are unique chal- lenges rural applicants have with accessing TSA se- curity threat assessment programs; ‘‘(E) assess the numbers and locations of enroll- ment centers for meeting the needs of such pro- grams, including determining the access provided to rural applicants; ‘‘(F) identify potential opportunities that exist to improve the enrollment center operations of and customer experience with such programs; ‘‘(G) identify potential opportunities to har- monize the enrollment, vetting, and renewal proc- esses of such programs in which similar informa- tion is collected for similar security threat assess- ment processes for different vetted credentials while not impacting national security; ‘‘(H) identify other ways the TSA can reduce the costs of the TSA security threat assessment pro- grams while not impacting national security; and ‘‘(I) review the vetting, application, and enroll- ment processes of each TSA security threat assess- ment program. ‘‘(2) STATE AUDIT.—In conducting the audit of the States required by subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review— ‘‘(A) the administration of the HAZMAT Endorse- ment program by the States; ‘‘(B) methods by which the States could stream- line the HAZMAT Endorsement program; and ‘‘(C) any potential barriers States face admin- istering TSA security threat assessment programs for individuals applying to TWIC and the HAZMAT Endorsement program or individuals that already have a TWIC credential. ‘‘(c) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the completion of the audit required by subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Administrator, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- tation of the Senate, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report that includes— ‘‘(1) a summary and analysis of the costs associated with the operation and administration of each indi- vidual TSA security threat assessment program; ‘‘(2) a summary and analysis of the application and enrollment costs associated with providing an indi- vidual multiple credentials under TSA security threat assessment programs; ‘‘(3) an identification of any potential duplicative processes associated with an applicant applying for, or the vetting or enrollment by the TSA of an indi- vidual in, a subsequent or multiple TSA security threat assessment programs; ‘‘(4) a breakdown of costs borne by applicants for current enrollment and renewal processes of such programs; ‘‘(5) ways to improve access to such programs, in- cluding for rural applicants; ‘‘(6) any potential recommendations to the TSA for reducing costs and streamlining the administration and operation of each TSA security threat assess- ment program while not impacting national security; ‘‘(7) any potential recommendations for the TSA to administer such programs in a way that would im- prove national security; and ‘‘(8) any potential recommendations for ways States can improve their role in administering the HAZMAT Endorsement program and streamline the application process or reduce costs for individuals seeking multiple transportation security credentials. ‘‘(d) IMPLEMENTATION.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the receipt of the report required by sub- section (c), the Administrator shall— ‘‘(A) implement the recommendations from such report; ‘‘(B) provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a written notification detailing— ‘‘(i) the timeline for implementation of each recommendation from the report; ‘‘(ii) justifications for any implementation timeline lasting longer than 2 years; and ‘‘(iii) justifications for recommendations that the Administrator has declined to pursue or im- plement. ‘‘(2) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the receipt of the report required by sub- section (c), and annually thereafter until the date that the TSA has implemented each recommendation made in such report, the Administrator shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- tation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives on the im- plementation of recommendations from the report.’’ AUTHORIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION PERSONNEL DETAILS Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIV, § 6413, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2412, provided that: ‘‘(a) COORDINATION.—Pursuant to sections 106(m) and 114(m) of title 49, United States Code, the Adminis- trator of the Transportation Security Administration may provide Transportation Security Administration personnel, who are not engaged in front line transpor- tation security efforts, to other components of the De- partment and other Federal agencies to improve co- ordination with such components and agencies to pre- pare for, protect against, and respond to public health threats to the transportation security system of the United States. ‘‘(b) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Admin- istrator shall brief the appropriate congressional com- mittees regarding efforts to improve coordination with other components of the Department of Homeland Se- curity and other Federal agencies to prepare for, pro- tect against, and respond to public health threats to the transportation security system of the United States.’’ AVIATION SECURITY Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIV, § 6423(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2420, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Ad- ministrator of the Transportation Security Adminis- tration shall develop and implement guidelines with re- spect to domestic and last point of departure airports to— ‘‘(A) ensure the inclusion, as appropriate, of air car- riers, domestic airport operators, and other transpor- tation security stakeholders in the development and implementation of security directives and emergency amendments; ‘‘(B) document input provided by air carriers, do- mestic airport operators, and other transportation security stakeholders during the security directive and emergency amendment, development, and imple- mentation processes; ‘‘(C) define a process, including timeframes, and with the inclusion of feedback from air carriers, do- mestic airport operators, and other transportation security stakeholders, for cancelling or incorporating security directives and emergency amendments into security programs; ‘‘(D) conduct engagement with foreign partners on the implementation of security directives and emer- gency amendments, as appropriate, including rec- ognition if existing security measures at a last point of departure airport are found to provide commensu- rate security as intended by potential new security directives and emergency amendments; and Page 75 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 ‘‘(E) ensure that new security directives and emer- gency amendments are focused on defined security outcomes. ‘‘(2) BRIEFING TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall brief the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Com- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the guidelines described in paragraph (1). ‘‘(3) DECISIONS NOT SUBJECT TO JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Not- withstanding any other provision of law, any action of the Administrator of the Transportation Security Ad- ministration under paragraph (1) is not subject to judi- cial review.’’ EMERGENCY TSA EMPLOYEE LEAVE FUND Pub. L. 117–2, title VII, § 7104, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 100, provided that: ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT; APPROPRIATION.—There is estab- lished in the Transportation Security Administration (in this section referred to as the ‘Administration’) the Emergency TSA Employee Leave Fund (in this section referred to as the ‘Fund’), to be administered by the Administrator of the Administration, for the purposes set forth in subsection (b). In addition to amounts oth- erwise available, there is appropriated for fiscal year 2021, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $13,000,000, which shall be deposited into the Fund and remain available through September 30, 2022. ‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—Amounts in the Fund shall be avail- able to the Administration for the use of paid leave under this section by any employee of the Administra- tion who is unable to work because the employee— ‘‘(1) is subject to a Federal, State, or local quar- antine or isolation order related to COVID–19; ‘‘(2) has been advised by a health care provider to self-quarantine due to concerns related to COVID–19; ‘‘(3) is caring for an individual who is subject to such an order or has been so advised; ‘‘(4) is experiencing symptoms of COVID–19 and seeking a medical diagnosis; ‘‘(5) is caring for a son or daughter of such em- ployee if the school or place of care of the son or daughter has been closed, if the school of such son or daughter requires or makes optional a virtual learn- ing instruction model or requires or makes optional a hybrid of in-person and virtual learning instruction models, or the child care provider of such son or daughter is unavailable, due to COVID–19 pre- cautions; ‘‘(6) is experiencing any other substantially similar condition; ‘‘(7) is caring for a family member with a mental or physical disability or who is 55 years of age or older and incapable of self-care, without regard to whether another individual other than the employee is avail- able to care for such family member, if the place of care for such family member is closed or the direct care provider is unavailable due to COVID–19; or ‘‘(8) is obtaining immunization related to COVID–19 or is recovering from any injury, disability, illness, or condition related to such immunization. ‘‘(c) LIMITATIONS.— ‘‘(1) PERIOD OF AVAILABILITY.—Paid leave under this section may only be provided to and used by an em- ployee of the Administration during the period begin- ning on the date of enactment of this section [Mar. 11, 2021] and ending on September 30, 2021. ‘‘(2) TOTAL HOURS; AMOUNT.—Paid leave under this section— ‘‘(A) shall be provided to an employee of the Ad- ministration in an amount not to exceed 600 hours of paid leave for each full-time employee, and in the case of a part-time employee, employee on an uncommon tour of duty, or employee with a sea- sonal work schedule, in an amount not to exceed the proportional equivalent of 600 hours to the ex- tent amounts in the Fund remain available for re- imbursement; ‘‘(B) shall be paid at the same hourly rate as other leave payments; and ‘‘(C) may not be provided to an employee if the leave would result in payments greater than $2,800 in aggregate for any biweekly pay period for a full- time employee, or a proportionally equivalent bi- weekly limit for a part-time employee. ‘‘(3) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LEAVE.—Paid leave under this section— ‘‘(A) is in addition to any other leave provided to an employee of the Administration; and ‘‘(B) may not be used by an employee of the Ad- ministration concurrently with any other paid leave. ‘‘(4) CALCULATION OF RETIREMENT BENEFIT.—Any paid leave provided to an employee of the Adminis- tration under this section shall reduce the total serv- ice used to calculate any Federal civilian retirement benefit.’’ DEEMED REFERENCES TO CHAPTERS 509 AND 511 OF TITLE 51 General references to ‘‘this title’’ deemed to refer also to chapters 509 and 511 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, see section 4(d)(8) of Pub. L. 111–314, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. TRANSMITTALS TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1910, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3550, provided that: ‘‘With regard to each report, legislative proposal, or other communication of the Ex- ecutive Branch related to the TSA and required to be submitted to Congress or the appropriate committees of Congress, the Administrator shall transmit such communication directly to the appropriate committees of Congress.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1910 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] THIRD PARTY TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1911, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3550, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the responsibilities under section 114(f)(9) [probably means section 114(f)(9) of Title 10, United States Code], the Administrator shall develop and implement, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], a program to enable a vendor of related security screen- ing technology to obtain testing and verification, in- cluding as an alternative to the TSA’s test and evalua- tion process, by an appropriate third party, of such technology before procurement or deployment. ‘‘(b) DETECTION TESTING.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The third party testing and verification program authorized under subsection (a) shall include detection testing to evaluate the per- formance of the security screening technology sys- tem regarding the probability of detection, the prob- ability of false alarm, and such other indicators that the system is able to meet the TSA’s mission needs. ‘‘(2) RESULTS.—The results of the third party detec- tion testing under paragraph (1) shall be considered final if the results are approved by the Administra- tion in accordance with approval standards developed by the Administrator. ‘‘(3) COORDINATION WITH FINAL TESTING.—To the ex- tent practicable, but without compromising the in- tegrity of the TSA test and evaluation process, the Administrator shall coordinate the third party detec- tion testing under paragraph (1) with any subsequent, final Federal Government testing. ‘‘(4) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.—To the extent practicable and permissible under law and consid- ering the national security interests of the United States, the Administrator shall— Page 76 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 ‘‘(A) share detection testing information and standards with appropriate international partners; and ‘‘(B) coordinate with the appropriate inter- national partners to align TSA testing and evalua- tion with relevant international standards to maxi- mize the capability to detect explosives and other threats. ‘‘(c) OPERATIONAL TESTING.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), the third party testing and verification program author- ized under subsection (a) shall include operational testing. ‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Third party operational testing under paragraph (1) may not exceed 1 year. ‘‘(d) ALTERNATIVE.—Third party testing under sub- section (a) shall replace as an alternative, at the dis- cretion of the Administrator, the testing at the TSA Systems Integration Facility, including testing for— ‘‘(1) health and safety factors; ‘‘(2) operator interface; ‘‘(3) human factors; ‘‘(4) environmental factors; ‘‘(5) throughput; ‘‘(6) reliability, maintainability, and availability factors; and ‘‘(7) interoperability. ‘‘(e) TESTING AND VERIFICATION FRAMEWORK.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall— ‘‘(A) establish a framework for the third party testing and for verifying a security technology is operationally effective and able to meet the TSA’s mission needs before it may enter or re-enter, as applicable, the operational context at an airport or other transportation facility; ‘‘(B) use phased implementation to allow the TSA and the third party to establish best practices; and ‘‘(C) oversee the third party testing and evalua- tion framework. ‘‘(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Administrator shall request ASAC’s Security Technology Subcommittee, in consultation with representatives of the security manufacturers industry, to develop and submit to the Administrator recommendations for the third party testing and verification framework. ‘‘(f) FIELD TESTING.—The Administrator shall prioritize the field testing and evaluation, including by third parties, of security technology and equipment at airports and on site at security technology manufac- turers whenever possible as an alternative to the TSA Systems Integration Facility. ‘‘(g) APPROPRIATE THIRD PARTIES.— ‘‘(1) CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENT.—An appropriate third party under subsection (a) shall be— ‘‘(A) if an individual, a citizen of the United States; or ‘‘(B) if an entity, owned and controlled by a cit- izen of the United States. ‘‘(2) WAIVER.—The Administrator may waive the re- quirement under paragraph (1)(B) if the entity is a United States subsidiary of a parent company that has implemented a foreign ownership, control, or in- fluence mitigation plan that has been approved by the Defense Security Service [now Defense Counter- intelligence and Security Agency] of the Department of Defense before applying to provide third party testing. The Administrator may reject any applica- tion to provide third party testing under subsection (a) submitted by an entity that requires a waiver under this paragraph. ‘‘(3) CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.—The Administrator shall ensure, to the extent possible, that an entity providing third party testing under this section does not have a contractual, business, or other pecuniary interest (exclusive of any such testing) in— ‘‘(A) the security screening technology subject to such testing; or ‘‘(B) the vendor of such technology. ‘‘(h) GAO REVIEW.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Comp- troller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a study on the third party testing program developed under this section[.] ‘‘(2) REVIEW.—The study under paragraph (1) shall include a review of the following: ‘‘(A) Any efficiencies or gains in effectiveness achieved in TSA operations, including technology acquisition or screening operations, as a result of such program. ‘‘(B) The degree to which the TSA conducts time- ly and regular oversight of the appropriate third parties engaged in such testing. ‘‘(C) The effect of such program on the following: ‘‘(i) The introduction of innovative detection technologies into security screening operations. ‘‘(ii) The availability of testing for technologies developed by small to medium sized businesses. ‘‘(D) Any vulnerabilities associated with such program, including with respect to the following: ‘‘(i) National security. ‘‘(ii) Any conflicts of interest between the ap- propriate third parties engaged in such testing and the entities providing such technologies to be tested. ‘‘(iii) Waste, fraud, and abuse.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1911 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION FACILITY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1912, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3552, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall continue to operate the Transportation Security Administration Systems Integration Facility (referred to in this sec- tion as the ‘TSIF’) for the purposes of testing and eval- uating advanced transportation security screening technologies related to the mission of the TSA. ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The TSIF shall— ‘‘(1) evaluate the technologies described in sub- section (a) to enhance the security of transportation systems through screening and threat mitigation and detection; ‘‘(2) test the technologies described in subsection (a) to support identified mission needs of the TSA and to meet requirements for acquisitions and procure- ment; ‘‘(3) to the extent practicable, provide original equipment manufacturers with test plans to mini- mize requirement interpretation disputes and adhere to provided test plans; ‘‘(4) collaborate with other technical laboratories and facilities for purposes of augmenting the capa- bilities of the TSIF; ‘‘(5) deliver advanced transportation security screening technologies that enhance the overall secu- rity of domestic transportation systems; and ‘‘(6) to the extent practicable, provide funding and promote efforts to enable participation by a small business concern (as the term is described under sec- tion 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) that— ‘‘(A) has an advanced technology or capability; but ‘‘(B) does not have adequate resources to partici- pate in testing and evaluation processes. ‘‘(c) STAFFING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION.—The Ad- ministrator shall ensure adequate staffing and resource allocations for the TSIF in a manner that— ‘‘(1) prevents unnecessary delays in the testing and evaluation of advanced transportation security screening technologies for acquisitions and procure- ment determinations; ‘‘(2) ensures the issuance of final paperwork certifi- cation no later than 45 days after the date such test- ing and evaluation has concluded; and ‘‘(3) ensures collaboration with technology stake- holders to close capabilities gaps in transportation security. Page 77 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 ‘‘(d) DEADLINE.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress if testing and evaluation by the TSIF of an advanced transpor- tation security screening technology under this sec- tion exceeds 180 days from the delivery date. ‘‘(2) NOTIFICATION.—The notification under para- graph (1) shall include— ‘‘(A) information relating to the delivery date; ‘‘(B) a justification for why the testing and eval- uation process has exceeded 180 days; and ‘‘(C) the estimated date for completion of such testing and evaluation. ‘‘(3) DEFINITION OF DELIVERY DATE.—In this sub- section, the term ‘delivery date’ means the date that the owner of an advanced transportation security screening technology— ‘‘(A) after installation, delivers the technology to the TSA for testing and evaluation; and ‘‘(B) submits to the Administrator, in such form and manner as the Administrator prescribes, a signed notification of the delivery described in sub- paragraph (A). ‘‘(e) RETESTING AND EVALUATION.—Advanced trans- portation security screening technology that fails test- ing and evaluation by the TSIF may be retested and evaluated at the discretion of the Administrator. ‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the authority or responsi- bility of an officer of the Department, or an officer of any other Federal department or agency, with respect to research, development, testing, and evaluation of technologies, including such authorities or responsibil- ities of the Undersecretary [probably should be ‘‘Under Secretary’’] for Science and Technology of the Depart- ment and Assistant Secretary of the Countering Weap- ons of Mass Destruction Office of the Department.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1912 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1931, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3569, provided that: ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: ‘‘(1) PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STAKEHOLDERS.—The term ‘public and private stakeholders’ has the meaning given the term in section 114(t)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code. ‘‘(2) SURFACE TRANSPORTATION ASSET.—The term ‘surface transportation asset’ includes— ‘‘(A) facilities, equipment, or systems used to pro- vide transportation services by— ‘‘(i) a public transportation agency (as the term is defined in section 1402 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131)); ‘‘(ii) a railroad carrier (as the term is defined in section 20102 of title 49, United States Code); [or] ‘‘(iii) an owner or operator of— ‘‘(I) an entity offering scheduled, fixed-route transportation services by over-the road bus (as the term is defined in section 1501 of the Imple- menting Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis- sion Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1151)); or ‘‘(II) a bus terminal; or ‘‘(B) other transportation facilities, equipment, or systems, as determined by the Secretary. ‘‘(b) PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP.— ‘‘(1) WORKING GROUP.—The Administrator, in co- ordination with the National Protection and Pro- grams Directorate, shall establish a working group to promote collaborative engagement between the TSA and public and private stakeholders to develop non- binding recommendations for enhancing security in public areas of transportation facilities (including fa- cilities that are surface transportation assets), in- cluding recommendations regarding the following: ‘‘(A) Information sharing and interoperable com- munication capabilities among the TSA and public and private stakeholders with respect to terrorist or other threats. ‘‘(B) Coordinated incident response procedures. ‘‘(C) The prevention of terrorist attacks and other incidents through strategic planning, security training, exercises and drills, law enforcement pa- trols, worker vetting, and suspicious activity re- porting. ‘‘(D) Infrastructure protection through effective construction design barriers and installation of ad- vanced surveillance and other security tech- nologies. ‘‘(2) ANNUAL REPORT.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date the working group is established under para- graph (1), the Administrator shall submit to the ap- propriate committee of Congress [probably should be ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’] a report, covering the 12-month period preceding the date of the report, on— ‘‘(i) the organization of the working group; ‘‘(ii) the activities of the working group; ‘‘(iii) the participation of the TSA and public and private stakeholders in the activities of the working group; [and] ‘‘(iv) the findings of the working group, includ- ing any recommendations. ‘‘(B) PUBLICATION.—The Administrator may pub- lish a public version of such report that describes the activities of the working group and such related matters as would be informative to the public, con- sistent with section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(3) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FACA.—The Federal Advi- sory Committee Act ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] shall not apply to the working group established under subsection (a) [probably should be ‘‘paragraph (1)’’] or any subcommittee thereof. ‘‘(c) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— ‘‘(A) inform owners and operators of surface transportation assets about the availability of technical assistance, including vulnerability assess- ment tools and cybersecurity guidelines, to help protect and enhance the resilience of public areas of such assets; and ‘‘(B) upon request, and subject to the availability of appropriations, provide such technical assistance to owners and operators of surface transportation assets. ‘‘(2) BEST PRACTICES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall publish on the Department website and widely disseminate, as appropriate, current best practices for protecting and enhancing the resilience of public areas of trans- portation facilities (including facilities that are sur- face transportation assets), including associated frameworks or templates for implementation. ‘‘(d) REVIEW.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall— ‘‘(A) review of [sic] regulations, directives, poli- cies, and procedures issued by the Administrator regarding the transportation of a firearm and am- munition; and ‘‘(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings of the review under subparagraph (A), including, as appropriate, information on any plans to modify any regulation, directive, policy, or procedure based on the review. ‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—In preparing the report under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consult with— ‘‘(A) ASAC; ‘‘(B) the Surface Transportation Security Advi- sory Committee under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 [6 U.S.C. 204]; and Page 78 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 ‘‘(C) appropriate public and private stake- holders.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1931 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] PUBLIC AREA BEST PRACTICES Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1932, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3571, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, in ac- cordance with law and as received or developed, peri- odically submit information, on any best practices de- veloped by the TSA or appropriate transportation stakeholders related to protecting the public spaces of transportation infrastructure from emerging threats, to the following: ‘‘(1) Federal Security Directors at airports. ‘‘(2) Appropriate security directors for other modes of transportation. ‘‘(3) Other appropriate transportation security stakeholders. ‘‘(b) INFORMATION SHARING.—The Administrator shall, in accordance with law— ‘‘(1) in coordination with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and industry partners, imple- ment improvements to the Air Domain Intelligence and Analysis Center to encourage increased partici- pation from stakeholders and enhance government and industry security information sharing on trans- portation security threats, including on cybersecurity threat awareness; ‘‘(2) expand and improve the City and Airport Threat Assessment or similar program to public and private stakeholders to capture, quantify, commu- nicate, and apply applicable intelligence to inform transportation infrastructure mitigation measures, such as— ‘‘(A) quantifying levels of risk by airport that can be used to determine risk-based security mitigation measures at each location; and ‘‘(B) determining random and surge employee in- spection operations based on changing levels of risk; ‘‘(3) continue to disseminate Transportation Intel- ligence Notes, tear-lines, and related intelligence products to appropriate transportation security stakeholders on a regular basis; and ‘‘(4) continue to conduct both regular routine and threat-specific classified briefings between the TSA and appropriate transportation sector stakeholders on an individual or group basis to provide greater in- formation sharing between public and private sectors. ‘‘(c) MASS NOTIFICATION.—The Administrator shall encourage security stakeholders to utilize mass notifi- cation systems, including the Integrated Public Alert Warning System of the Federal Emergency Manage- ment Agency and social media platforms, to dissemi- nate information to transportation community em- ployees, travelers, and the general public, as appro- priate. ‘‘(d) PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Administrator, shall expand public programs of the Department of Homeland Secu- rity and the TSA that increase security threat aware- ness, education, and training to include transportation network public area employees, including airport and transportation vendors, local hotels, cab and limousine companies, ridesharing companies, cleaning companies, gas station attendants, cargo operators, and general aviation members.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1932 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED STRATEGY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1964, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3604, provided that: ‘‘(a) SECURITY ASSESSMENT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Ad- ministrator shall complete an assessment of the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation systems. ‘‘(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In conducting the security assessment under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, at a minimum— ‘‘(A) consider appropriate intelligence; ‘‘(B) consider security breaches and attacks at do- mestic and international surface transportation fa- cilities; ‘‘(C) consider the vulnerabilities and risks associ- ated with specific modes of surface transportation; ‘‘(D) evaluate the vetting and security training of— ‘‘(i) employees in surface transportation; and ‘‘(ii) other individuals with access to sensitive or secure areas of surface transportation net- works; and ‘‘(E) consider input from— ‘‘(i) representatives of different modes of sur- face transportation; ‘‘(ii) representatives of critical infrastructure entities; ‘‘(iii) the Transportation Systems Sector Co- ordinating Council; and ‘‘(iv) the heads of other relevant Federal depart- ments or agencies. ‘‘(b) RISK-BASED SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY STRATEGY.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date the security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall use the results of the assessment— ‘‘(A) to develop and implement a cross-cutting, risk-based surface transportation security strategy that includes— ‘‘(i) all surface transportation modes; ‘‘(ii) a mitigating strategy that aligns with each vulnerability and risk identified in sub- section (a); ‘‘(iii) a planning process to inform resource al- location; ‘‘(iv) priorities, milestones, and performance metrics to measure the effectiveness of the risk- based surface transportation security strategy; and ‘‘(v) processes for sharing relevant and timely intelligence threat information with appropriate stakeholders; ‘‘(B) to develop a management oversight strategy that— ‘‘(i) identifies the parties responsible for the im- plementation, management, and oversight of the risk-based surface transportation security strat- egy; and ‘‘(ii) includes a plan for implementing the risk- based surface transportation security strategy; and ‘‘(C) to modify the risk-based budget and resource allocations, in accordance with section 1965(c) [set out as a note below], for the Transportation Secu- rity Administration. ‘‘(2) COORDINATED APPROACH.—In developing and im- plementing the risk-based surface transportation se- curity strategy under paragraph (1), the Adminis- trator shall coordinate with the heads of other rel- evant Federal departments or agencies, and stake- holders, as appropriate— ‘‘(A) to evaluate existing surface transportation security programs, policies, and initiatives, includ- ing the explosives detection canine teams, for con- sistency with the risk-based security strategy and, to the extent practicable, avoid any unnecessary duplication of effort; ‘‘(B) to determine the extent to which stake- holder security programs, policies, and initiatives address the vulnerabilities and risks to surface Page 79 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 transportation systems identified in subsection (a); and ‘‘(C) subject to subparagraph (B), to mitigate each vulnerability and risk to surface transportation systems identified in subsection (a). ‘‘(c) REPORT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date the security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall submit to the ap- propriate committees of Congress and the Inspector General of the Department a report that— ‘‘(A) describes the process used to complete the security assessment; ‘‘(B) describes the process used to develop the risk-based security strategy; ‘‘(C) describes the risk-based security strategy; ‘‘(D) includes the management oversight strat- egy; ‘‘(E) includes— ‘‘(i) the findings of the security assessment; ‘‘(ii) a description of the actions recommended or taken by the Administrator to mitigate the vulnerabilities and risks identified in subsection (a), including interagency coordination; ‘‘(iii) any recommendations for improving the coordinated approach to mitigating vulnerabilities and risks to surface transpor- tation systems; and ‘‘(iv) any recommended changes to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the modal an- nexes to such plan, or relevant surface transpor- tation security programs, policies, or initiatives; and ‘‘(F) may contain a classified annex. ‘‘(2) PROTECTIONS.—In preparing the report, the Ad- ministrator shall take appropriate actions to safe- guard information described by section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, or protected from disclosure by any other law of the United States. ‘‘(d) UPDATES.—Not less frequently than semiannu- ally, the Administrator shall report to or brief the ap- propriate committees of Congress on the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation systems and how those vulnerabilities and risks affect the risk-based security strategy.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1964 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] RISK-BASED BUDGETING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1965, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3606, provided that: ‘‘(a) REPORT.—In conjunction with the submission of the Department’s annual budget request to the Office of Management and Budget, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a re- port that describes a risk-based budget and resource al- location plan for surface transportation sectors, within and across modes, that— ‘‘(1) reflects the risk-based surface transportation security strategy under section 1964(b) [set out as a note above]; and ‘‘(2) is organized by appropriations account, pro- gram, project, and initiative. ‘‘(b) BUDGET TRANSPARENCY.—In submitting the an- nual budget of the United States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Presi- dent shall clearly distinguish the resources requested for surface transportation security from the resources requested for aviation security. ‘‘(c) RESOURCE REALLOCATION.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days after the date on which the Transportation Security Adminis- tration allocates any resources or personnel, includ- ing personnel sharing, detailing, or assignment, or the use of facilities, technology systems, or vetting resources, for a nontransportation security purpose or National Special Security Event (as defined in sec- tion 2001 of Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601)), the Secretary shall provide the notification de- scribed in paragraph (2) to the appropriate commit- tees of Congress. ‘‘(2) NOTIFICATION.—A notification described in this paragraph shall include— ‘‘(A) the reason for and a justification of the re- source or personnel allocation; ‘‘(B) the expected end date of the resource or per- sonnel allocation; and ‘‘(C) the projected cost to the Transportation Se- curity Administration of the personnel or resource allocation. ‘‘(d) 5-YEAR CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Secu- rity of the House of Representatives a 5-year capital in- vestment plan, consistent with the 5-year technology investment plan under section 1611 of title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 [6 U.S.C. 563], as amend- ed by section 3 of the Transportation Security Acquisi- tion Reform Act (Public Law 113–245; 128 Stat. 2871).’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1965 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] TRANSPARENCY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1967, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3607, provided that: ‘‘(a) REGULATIONS.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], and every 180 days thereafter, the Administrator [of the Trans- portation Security Administration] shall publish on a public website information regarding the status of each regulation relating to surface transportation se- curity that is directed by law to be issued and that has not been issued if not less than 2 years have passed since the date of enactment of the law. ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The information published under paragraph (1) shall include— ‘‘(A) an updated rulemaking schedule for the out- standing regulation; ‘‘(B) current staff allocations; ‘‘(C) data collection or research relating to the development of the rulemaking; ‘‘(D) current efforts, if any, with security experts, advisory committees, and other stakeholders; and ‘‘(E) other relevant details associated with the de- velopment of the rulemaking that impact the progress of the rulemaking. ‘‘(b) INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter until all of the requirements under titles XIII [6 U.S.C. 1111 et seq.], XIV [6 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.], and XV [6 U.S.C. 1151 et seq.] of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1111 et seq.) and under this title [see Tables for classification] have been fully implemented, the In- spector General of the Department shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress [Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Rep- resentatives] a report that— ‘‘(1) identifies the requirements under such titles of that Act and under this title that have not been fully implemented; ‘‘(2) describes what, if any, additional action is nec- essary; and ‘‘(3) includes recommendations regarding whether any of the requirements under such titles of that Act or this title should be amended or repealed.’’ TSA COUNTERTERRORISM ASSET DEPLOYMENT Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1968(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3608, provided that: Page 80 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Administrator [of the Trans- portation Security Administration] deploys any counterterrorism personnel or resource, such as explo- sive detection sweeps, random bag inspections, or pa- trols by Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response teams, to enhance security at a transportation system or transportation facility for a period of not less than 180 consecutive days, the Administrator shall provide sufficient notification to the system or facility oper- ator, as applicable, not less than 14 days prior to termi- nating the deployment. ‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—This subsection shall not apply if the Administrator— ‘‘(A) determines there is an urgent security need for the personnel or resource described in paragraph (1); and ‘‘(B) notifies the appropriate committees of Con- gress [Committees on Commerce, Science, and Trans- portation and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives] of the de- termination under subparagraph (A).’’ BEST PRACTICES TO SECURE AGAINST VEHICLE-BASED ATTACKS Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1982, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3620, provided that: ‘‘Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Ad- ministrator [of the Transportation Security Adminis- tration] shall disseminate best practices to public and private stakeholders regarding how to enhance trans- portation security against the threat of a vehicle-based terrorist attack.’’ RISK SCENARIOS Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1986, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3621, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall annually develop, consistent with the transportation modal se- curity plans required under section 114(s) of title 49, United States Code, risk-based priorities based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary across all transportation modes that consider threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences. ‘‘(b) SCENARIOS.—The Administrator shall ensure that the risk-based priorities identified under subsection (a) are informed by an analysis of terrorist attack sce- narios for each transportation mode, including cyber- attack scenarios and intelligence and open source in- formation about current and evolving threats. ‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date that annual risk-based priorities are developed under subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that in- cludes the following: ‘‘(1) Copies of the risk assessments for each trans- portation mode. ‘‘(2) A summary that ranks the risks within and across modes. ‘‘(3) A description of the risk-based priorities for se- curing the transportation sector that identifies and prioritizes the greatest security needs of such trans- portation sector, both across and within modes, in the order that such priorities should be addressed. ‘‘(4) Information on the underlying methodologies used to assess risks across and within each transpor- tation mode and the basis for any assumptions re- garding threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences made in assessing and prioritizing risks within each such mode and across modes. ‘‘(d) CLASSIFICATION.—The information provided under subsection (c) may be submitted in a classified format or unclassified format, as the Administrator considers appropriate.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1986 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] INTEGRATED AND UNIFIED OPERATIONS CENTERS Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1987, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3622, provided that: ‘‘(a) FRAMEWORK.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Admin- istrator, in consultation with the heads of other appro- priate offices or components of the Department, shall make available to public and private stakeholders a framework for establishing an integrated and unified operations center responsible for overseeing daily oper- ations of a transportation facility that promotes co- ordination for responses to terrorism, serious incidents, and other purposes, as determined appropriate by the Administrator. ‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress regarding the establishment and activities of integrated and unified operations centers at transportation facilities at which the TSA has a presence.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1987 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] INFORMATION SHARING AND CYBERSECURITY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1989, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3624, provided that: ‘‘(a) FEDERAL SECURITY DIRECTORS.—[Amended sec- tion 44933 of this title.] ‘‘(b) PLAN TO IMPROVE INFORMATION SHARING.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Ad- ministrator shall develop a plan to improve intel- ligence information sharing with State and local transportation entities that includes best practices to ensure that the information shared is actionable, useful, and not redundant. ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The plan required under paragraph (1) shall include the following: ‘‘(A) The incorporation of best practices for infor- mation sharing. ‘‘(B) The identification of areas of overlap and re- dundancy. ‘‘(C) An evaluation and incorporation of stake- holder input in the development of such plan. ‘‘(D) The integration of any recommendations of the Comptroller General of the United States on in- formation sharing. ‘‘(3) SOLICITATION.—The Administrator shall solicit on an annual basis input from appropriate stake- holders, including State and local transportation en- tities, on the quality and quantity of intelligence re- ceived by such stakeholders relating to information sharing. ‘‘(c) BEST PRACTICES SHARING.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], the Ad- ministrator shall establish a mechanism to share with State and local transportation entities best practices from across the law enforcement spectrum, including Federal, State, local, and tribal entities, that relate to employee training, employee profes- sional development, technology development and de- ployment, hardening tactics, and passenger and em- ployee awareness programs. ‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—The Administrator shall so- licit and incorporate stakeholder input— ‘‘(A) in developing the mechanism for sharing best practices as required under paragraph (1); and ‘‘(B) not less frequently than annually on the quality and quantity of information such stake- holders receive through the mechanism established under such paragraph. ‘‘(d) CYBERSECURITY.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in consulta- tion with the Secretary, shall— ‘‘(A) not later than 120 days after the date of en- actment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], implement the Page 81 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 114 Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (referred to in this section as the ‘Framework’ developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and any update to such Framework under section 2 of the National Insti- tute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), to manage the agency’s cybersecurity risks; and ‘‘(B) evaluate, on a periodic basis, but not less often than biennially, the use of the Framework under subparagraph (A). ‘‘(2) CYBERSECURITY ENHANCEMENTS TO AVIATION SE- CURITY ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall, upon re- quest, conduct cybersecurity vulnerability assess- ments for airports and air carriers. ‘‘(3) TSA TRUSTED TRAVELER AND CREDENTIALING PROGRAM CYBER EVALUATION.— ‘‘(A) EVALUATION REQUIRED.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall— ‘‘(i) evaluate the cybersecurity of TSA trusted traveler and credentialing programs that contain personal information of specific individuals or in- formation that identifies specific individuals, in- cluding the Transportation Worker Identification Credential and PreCheck programs; ‘‘(ii) identify any cybersecurity risks under the programs described in clause (i); and ‘‘(iii) develop remediation plans to address the cybersecurity risks identified under clause (ii). ‘‘(B) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 days after the date the evaluation under subpara- graph (A) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress informa- tion relating to such evaluation, including any cybersecurity vulnerabilities identified and remedi- ation plans to address such vulnerabilities. Such submission shall be provided in a classified form. ‘‘(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the terms ‘cybersecurity risk’ and ‘incident’ have the meanings given the terms in section 227 [now section 2209] of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 148) [now 6 U.S.C. 659; see 6 U.S.C. 650].’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 1989 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out above, see section 1902 of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a Definitions of Terms in Title I of Div. K of Pub. L. 115–254 note under section 101 of this title.] SAFEGUARDING AND DISPOSAL OF PERSONAL INFORMA- TION OF REGISTERED TRAVELER PROGRAM PARTICI- PANTS Pub. L. 114–4, title V, § 536, Mar. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 67, provided that: ‘‘(a) Any company that collects or retains personal information directly from any individual who partici- pates in the Registered Traveler or successor program of the Transportation Security Administration shall hereafter safeguard and dispose of such information in accordance with the requirements in— ‘‘(1) the National Institute for Standards and Tech- nology Special Publication 800–30, entitled ‘Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Sys- tems’; ‘‘(2) the National Institute for Standards and Tech- nology Special Publication 800–53, Revision 3, enti- tled ‘Recommended Security Controls for Federal In- formation Systems and Organizations’; and ‘‘(3) any supplemental standards established by the Administrator of the Transportation Security Ad- ministration (referred to in this section as the ‘Ad- ministrator’). ‘‘(b) The airport authority or air carrier operator that sponsors the company under the Registered Trav- eler program shall hereafter be known as the ‘Spon- soring Entity’. ‘‘(c) The Administrator shall hereafter require any company covered by subsection (a) to provide, not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 4, 2015], to the Sponsoring Entity written certifi- cation that the procedures used by the company to safeguard and dispose of information are in compliance with the requirements under subsection (a). Such cer- tification shall include a description of the procedures used by the company to comply with such require- ments.’’ REGISTERED TRAVELER PROGRAMS AND BIOMETRICALLY- SECURE CARDS Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, § 571, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2093, provided that: ‘‘Effective no later than nine- ty days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007], the Transportation Security Administration shall permit approved members of Registered Traveler pro- grams to satisfy fully the required identity verification procedures at security screening checkpoints by pre- senting a biometrically-secure Registered Traveler card in lieu of the government-issued photo identifica- tion document required of non-participants: Provided, That if their identity is not confirmed biometrically, the standard identity and screening procedures will apply: Provided further, That if the Assistant Secretary (Transportation Security Administration) determines this is a threat to civil aviation, then the Assistant Secretary (Transportation Security Administration) shall notify the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives five days in ad- vance of such determination and require Registered Travelers to present government-issued photo identi- fication documents in conjunction with a biometri- cally-secure Registered Traveler card.’’ CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT OF SECURITY ASSURANCE FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STAKEHOLDERS Pub. L. 110–53, title XII, § 1203(b), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 385, as amended by Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1904(b)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3545, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary [of Homeland Security] shall provide a semiannual report to the Committee on Homeland Se- curity and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Com- mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that includes— ‘‘(A) the number of public and private stakeholders who were provided with each report; ‘‘(B) a description of the measures the Secretary has taken to ensure proper treatment and security for any classified information to be shared with the public and private stakeholders under the Plan; and ‘‘(C) an explanation of the reason for the denial of transportation security information to any stake- holder who had previously received such information. ‘‘(2) NO REPORT REQUIRED IF NO CHANGES IN STAKE- HOLDERS.—The Secretary is not required to provide a semiannual report under paragraph (1) if no stake- holders have been added to or removed from the group of persons with whom transportation security informa- tion is shared under the plan [probably should be ‘‘Plan’’] since the end of the period covered by the last preceding semiannual report.’’ SPECIALIZED TRAINING Pub. L. 110–53, title XVI, § 1611, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 485, provided that: ‘‘The Administrator of the Transpor- tation Security Administration shall provide advanced training to transportation security officers for the de- velopment of specialized security skills, including be- havior observation and analysis, explosives detection, and document examination, in order to enhance the ef- fectiveness of layered transportation security meas- ures.’’ INAPPLICABILITY OF PERSONNEL LIMITATIONS AFTER FISCAL YEAR 2007 Pub. L. 110–53, title XVI, § 1612, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 485, provided that: Page 82 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 115 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any provision of law, any statutory limitation on the number of em- ployees in the Transportation Security Administration, before or after its transfer to the Department of Home- land Security from the Department of Transportation, does not apply after fiscal year 2007. ‘‘(b) AVIATION SECURITY.—Notwithstanding any provi- sion of law imposing a limitation on the recruiting or hiring of personnel into the Transportation Security Administration to a maximum number of permanent positions, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall re- cruit and hire such personnel into the Administration as may be necessary— ‘‘(1) to provide appropriate levels of aviation secu- rity; and ‘‘(2) to accomplish that goal in such a manner that the average aviation security-related delay experi- enced by airline passengers is reduced to a level of less than 10 minutes.’’ LEASE OF PROPERTY TO TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEES Pub. L. 109–90, title V, § 514, Oct. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 2084, provided that: ‘‘Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, United States Code, for fiscal year 2006 and thereafter, the Administrator of the Transportation Se- curity Administration may impose a reasonable charge for the lease of real and personal property to Transpor- tation Security Administration employees and for use by Transportation Security Administration employees and may credit amounts received to the appropriation or fund initially charged for operating and maintaining the property, which amounts shall be available, with- out fiscal year limitation, for expenditure for property management, operation, protection, construction, re- pair, alteration, and related activities.’’ Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 108–334, title V, § 516, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1318. ACQUISITION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Pub. L. 109–90, title V, § 515, Oct. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 2084, provided that: ‘‘For fiscal year 2006 and thereafter, the acquisition management system of the Transpor- tation Security Administration shall apply to the ac- quisition of services, as well as equipment, supplies, and materials.’’ Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 108–334, title V, § 517, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1318. REGISTERED TRAVELER PROGRAM FEE Pub. L. 109–90, title V, § 540, Oct. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 2088, provided that: ‘‘For fiscal year 2006 and thereafter, notwithstanding section 553 of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall impose a fee for any registered traveler program undertaken by the Department of Homeland Security by notice in the Federal Register, and may modify the fee from time to time by notice in the Federal Register: Pro- vided, That such fees shall not exceed the aggregate costs associated with the program and shall be credited to the Transportation Security Administration reg- istered traveler fee account, to be available until ex- pended.’’ ENHANCED SECURITY MEASURES Pub. L. 107–71, title I, § 109, Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 613, as amended by Pub. L. 107–296, title XIV, § 1403(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2306, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transpor- tation for Security [now the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration] may take the following actions: ‘‘(1) Require effective 911 emergency call capability for telephones serving passenger aircraft and pas- senger trains. ‘‘(2) Establish a uniform system of identification for all State and local law enforcement personnel for use in obtaining permission to carry weapons in air- craft cabins and in obtaining access to a secured area of an airport, if otherwise authorized to carry such weapons. ‘‘(3) Establish requirements to implement trusted passenger programs and use available technologies to expedite the security screening of passengers who participate in such programs, thereby allowing secu- rity screening personnel to focus on those passengers who should be subject to more extensive screening. ‘‘(4) In consultation with the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, develop alternative security procedures under which a medical product to be transported on a flight of an air carrier would not be subject to an inspection that would irreversibly damage the product. ‘‘(5) Provide for the use of technologies, including wireless and wire line data technologies, to enable the private and secure communication of threats to aid in the screening of passengers and other individ- uals on airport property who are identified on any State or Federal security-related data base for the purpose of having an integrated response coordina- tion of various authorized airport security forces. ‘‘(6) In consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, consider whether to require all pilot licenses to incorporate a photo- graph of the license holder and appropriate biometric imprints. ‘‘(7) Provide for the use of voice stress analysis, bio- metric, or other technologies to prevent a person who might pose a danger to air safety or security from boarding the aircraft of an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air transportation or intrastate air trans- portation. ‘‘(8) Provide for the use of technology that will per- mit enhanced instant communications and informa- tion between airborne passenger aircraft and appro- priate individuals or facilities on the ground. ‘‘(9) Require that air carriers provide flight attend- ants with a discreet, hands-free, wireless method of communicating with the pilots. ‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 19, 2001], and annually thereafter until the Under Secretary [now the Adminis- trator of the Transportation Security Administration] has implemented or decided not to take each of the ac- tions specified in subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the progress of the Under Secretary in evaluating and taking such ac- tions, including any legislative recommendations that the Under Secretary may have for enhancing transpor- tation security.’’ [For definitions of terms used in section 109 of Pub. L. 107–71, set out above, see section 133 of Pub. L. 107–71, set out as a note under section 40102 of this title.] § 115. Transportation Security Oversight Board (a) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the Department of Homeland Security a board to be known as the ‘‘Transportation Security Over- sight Board’’. (b) MEMBERSHIP.— (1) NUMBER AND APPOINTMENT.—The Board shall be composed of 7 members as follows: (A) The Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Secretary’s designee. (B) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary’s designee. (C) The Attorney General, or the Attorney General’s designee. (D) The Secretary of Defense, or the Sec- retary’s designee. (E) The Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary’s designee.