10 U.S.C. § 181 — Joint Requirements Oversight Council

Page 271 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 181 (c) DUTIES.—The board shall, on an annual basis— (1) review all aspects of the athletics pro- grams of the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, and the United States Air Force Academy, including— (A) the policies relating to the administra- tion of such programs; (B) the appropriateness of the balance be- tween the emphasis placed by each academy on athletics and the emphasis placed by such academy on academic pursuits; and (C) the extent to which all athletes in all sports are treated equitably under the ath- letics program of each academy; and (2) determine ways in which the administra- tion of the athletics programs at the acad- emies can serve as models for the administra- tion of athletics programs at civilian institu- tions of higher education. (d) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.—(1) Each member of the board who is not an officer or em- ployee of the Federal Government shall be com- pensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for Ex- ecutive Schedule Level IV under section 5315 of title 5, for each day (including travel time) dur- ing which such member is engaged in the per- formance of the duties of the board. Members of the board who are officers or employees of the United States shall serve without compensation in addition to that received for their services as officers or employees of the United States. (2) The members of the board shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the board. (Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, § 513(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1360; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1066(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title X, § 1087(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–290.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2000—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted ‘‘section 5315’’ for ‘‘section 5376’’. 1999—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted ‘‘Exec- utive Schedule Level IV under section 5376 of title 5’’ for ‘‘grade GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5’’. § 181. Joint Requirements Oversight Council (a) IN GENERAL.—There is a Joint Require- ments Oversight Council in the Department of Defense. (b) MISSION.—In addition to other matters as- signed to it by the President or Secretary of De- fense, the Joint Requirements Oversight Council shall assist the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in— (1) assessing joint military capabilities, and identifying, approving, and prioritizing gaps in such capabilities, to meet applicable require- ments in the national defense strategy under section 113(g) of this title; (2) increasing awareness of global trends, threats, and adversary capabilities to address gaps in joint military capabilities and validate joint requirements developed by the military departments; (3) reviewing and validating whether a capa- bility proposed by an armed force, Defense Agency, or other entity of the Department of Defense fulfills a gap in joint military capa- bilities; (4) establishing and approving joint perform- ance requirements that— (A) ensure interoperability, where appro- priate, between and among joint military ca- pabilities; and (B) are necessary, as designated by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to ful- fill capability gaps of more than one armed force, Defense Agency, or other entity of the Department; (5) reviewing performance requirements for any existing or proposed capability that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff deter- mines should be reviewed by the Council; (6) identifying new joint military capabili- ties based on advances in technology and con- cepts of operation; and (7) identifying alternatives to any acquisi- tion program that meets approved joint mili- tary capability requirements for the purposes of sections 4251(b), 4252(a)(4), and 4375(b) of this title. (c) COMPOSITION.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Joint Requirements Oversight Council is composed of the fol- lowing: (A) The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who is the Chair of the Council and is the principal adviser to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for making rec- ommendations about joint military capabili- ties or joint performance requirements. (B) An Army officer in the grade of gen- eral. (C) A Navy officer in the grade of admiral. (D) An Air Force officer in the grade of general. (E) A Marine Corps officer in the grade of general. (F) A Space Force officer in the grade of general. (2) SELECTION OF MEMBERS.—Members of the Council under subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of paragraph (1) shall be selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense, from officers in the grade of general or admi- ral, as the case may be, who are recommended for selection by the Secretary of the military department concerned. (3) RECOMMENDATIONS.—In making any rec- ommendation to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as described in paragraph (1)(A), the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall provide the Chairman any dis- senting view of members of the Council under paragraph (1) with respect to such rec- ommendation. (d) ADVISORS.— Page 272 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 181 (1) IN GENERAL.—The following officials of the Department of Defense shall serve as advi- sors to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council on matters within their authority and expertise: (A) The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. (B) The Under Secretary of Defense for In- telligence and Security. (C) The Under Secretary of Defense for Ac- quisition and Sustainment. (D) The Under Secretary of Defense for Re- search and Engineering who shall serve as the Chief Technical Advisor to the Council and— (i) shall provide assistance in evaluating the technical feasibility of requirements under development; and (ii) shall identify options for expanding or generating new requirements based on opportunities provided by new or emerging technologies. (E) The Under Secretary of Defense (Comp- troller). (F) The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation. (G) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation. (H) The commander of a combatant com- mand when matters related to the area of re- sponsibility or functions of that command are under consideration by the Council. (2) INPUT FROM COMBATANT COMMANDS.—The Council shall seek and consider input from the commanders of the combatant commands in carrying out its mission under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b). (3) INPUT FROM CHIEFS OF STAFF.—The Coun- cil shall seek, and strongly consider, the views of the Chiefs of Staff of the armed forces, in their roles as customers of the acquisition sys- tem, on matters pertaining to a capability proposed by an armed force, Defense Agency, or other entity of the Department of Defense under subsection (b)(2) and joint performance requirements pursuant to subsection (b)(3). (4) INPUT FROM VICE CHIEF OF THE NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU.—The Council shall seek, and strongly consider, the views of the Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau regarding non- Federalized National Guard capabilities in support of homeland defense and civil support missions. (e) PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AS RESPONSI- BILITY OF ARMED FORCES.—The Chief of Staff of an armed force is responsible for all performance requirements for that armed force and, except for performance requirements specified in sub- sections (b)(4) and (b)(5), such performance re- quirements do not need to be validated by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council. (f) ANALYTIC SUPPORT.—The Secretary of De- fense shall ensure that analytical organizations within the Department of Defense, such as the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evalua- tion, provide resources and expertise in oper- ations research, systems analysis, and cost esti- mation to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council to assist the Council in performing the mission in subsection (b). (g) AVAILABILITY OF OVERSIGHT INFORMATION TO CONGRESSIONAL DEFENSE COMMITTEES.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in the case of a recommendation by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Secretary that is approved by the Secretary, oversight informa- tion with respect to such recommendation that is produced as a result of the activities of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council is made available in a timely fashion to the congres- sional defense committees. (h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: (1) The term ‘‘joint military capabilities’’ means the collective capabilities across the joint force, including both joint and force-spe- cific capabilities, that are available to con- duct military operations. (2) The term ‘‘performance requirement’’ means a performance attribute of a particular system considered critical or essential to the development of an effective military capa- bility. (3) The term ‘‘joint performance require- ment’’ means a performance requirement that is critical or essential to ensure interoper- ability or fulfill a capability gap of more than one armed force, Defense Agency, or other en- tity of the Department of Defense, or impacts the joint force in other ways such as logistics. (4) The term ‘‘oversight information’’ means information and materials comprising anal- ysis and justification that are prepared to sup- port a recommendation that is made to, and approved by, the Secretary of Defense. (Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, § 905(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 403; amended Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title IX, § 908, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2621; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1043(b)(3), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, § 942(a)–(d), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 287, 288; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, § 813(d)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4527; Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §§ 101(d)(1), 105(a), title II, § 201(b), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1709, 1717, 1719; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, § 841, title X, § 1075(b)(8), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4281, 4369; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title IX, § 951(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1891; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 802(d)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title IX, § 925(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2359; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(15), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 831(b)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1857; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, § 902(7), title XVI, § 1621(e)(1)(A)(v), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1543, 1733; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §§ 906, 924(b)(9), title XVIII, § 1850(m), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3799, 3822, 4271; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title IX, § 903(a), title XVII, § 1702(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1869, 2155; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, § 521(b), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1880.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2024—Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 118–159 substituted ‘‘in the grade of general’’ for ‘‘in the grade equivalent to the grade of general in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or admiral in the Navy’’. 2021—Subsec. (b)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(1), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively. Former par. (5) redesignated (6). Page 273 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 181 Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(1)(A), redesig- nated par. (5) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7). Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 117–81, § 1702(a)(2), which di- rected amendment of par. (6) by substituting ‘‘sections 4251(b), 4252(a)(4),’’ for ‘‘sections 2366a(b), 2366b(a)(4),’’, was executed by making the substitution in par. (7) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the redesig- nation of par. (6) as (7) by Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(1)(A). See below. Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(1)(A), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1850(m), which directed amendment of par. (6) by substituting ‘‘4375(b)’’ for ‘‘2433(e)(2)’’ ef- fective Jan. 1, 2022, was executed by making the substi- tution in par. (7) to reflect the probable intent of Con- gress and the redesignation of par. (6) as (7) by Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(1)(A), effective Dec. 27, 2021. See above. Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 116–283, § 924(b)(9), added sub- par. (F). Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 117–81, § 903(a)(2), sub- stituted ‘‘Engineering who shall serve as the Chief Technical Advisor to the Council and—’’ and cls. (i) and (ii) for ‘‘Engineering.’’ Pub. L. 116–283, § 906(b), substituted ‘‘The’’ for ‘‘the’’. Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 116–283, § 906(a), added par. (4). 2019—Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 116–92, § 1621(e)(1)(A)(v), substituted ‘‘Under Secretary of De- fense for Intelligence and Security’’ for ‘‘Under Sec- retary of Defense for Intelligence’’. Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 116–92, § 902(7)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment’’ for ‘‘Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics’’. Subsec. (d)(1)(D) to (H). Pub. L. 116–92, § 902(7)(B), (C), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpars. (D) to (G) as (E) to (H), respectively. 2018—Subsec. (b)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 115–232 redesignated pars. (4) to (7) as (3) to (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (3) which related to development of rec- ommendations for program cost and fielding targets pursuant to section 2448a of this title. 2017—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted ‘‘sec- tion 113(g)’’ for ‘‘section 118’’. 2016—Pub. L. 114–328 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Joint Requirements Oversight Council and consisted of its establishment, mission, composition, advisors, organization, avail- ability of oversight information to Congressional de- fense committees, and definitions. 2015—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–92 added par. (3). 2013—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 112–239, § 951(b)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘in ensuring that appropriate trade-offs are made among life-cycle cost, schedule, and performance objectives, and procurement quantity objectives, in the establishment and approval of military requirements’’ for ‘‘in ensuring the consideration of trade-offs among cost, schedule, and performance objectives for joint military requirements’’. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 112–239, § 951(b)(2), substituted ‘‘the total cost of such resources’’ for ‘‘such resource level’’. 2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(d), substituted ‘‘There is’’ for ‘‘The Secretary of Defense shall estab- lish’’. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–383, § 1075(b)(8), which di- rected substitution of ‘‘Program Evaluation’’ for ‘‘Per- formance Evaluation’’, could not be executed because of the amendment by Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(c)(2). See below. Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(c)(2), substituted ‘‘advisors to the Council under subsection (d)’’ for ‘‘Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), the Under Secretary of De- fense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, and the Director of Cost Assessment and Performance Eval- uation’’. Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(a)(1), inserted ‘‘Vice’’ before ‘‘Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff’’. Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(b), added sub- par. (F). Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(a)(2), substituted ‘‘under subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of paragraph (1)’’ for ‘‘, other than the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,’’. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(a)(3), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: ‘‘The functions of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as chairman of the Council may only be delegated to the Vice Chair- man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.’’ Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 111–383, § 841(c)(1), substituted ‘‘The following officials of the Department of Defense shall serve as advisors to the Council on matters within their authority and expertise:’’ for ‘‘The Under Sec- retary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Lo- gistics, the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), and the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Eval- uation shall serve as advisors to the Council on matters within their authority and expertise.’’ and added sub- pars. (A) to (F). 2009—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–23, § 201(b)(1), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–23, § 201(b)(2)(A), inserted ‘‘, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), the Under Secretary of Defense for Ac- quisition, Technology, and Logistics, and the Director of Cost Assessment and Performance Evaluation,’’ after ‘‘assist the Chairman’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 111–23, § 201(b)(2)(B)–(4), added par. (5). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–23, § 105(a), designated exist- ing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). Pub. L. 111–23, § 101(d)(1), substituted ‘‘Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation’’ for ‘‘Direc- tor of the Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation’’. 2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–181, § 942(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to mission of Joint Requirements Oversight Council. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted ‘‘section 2366a(b), section 2366b(a)(4),’’ for ‘‘section 2366a(a)(4), section 2366b(b),’’. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–181, § 942(b)(2), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–181, § 942(c), added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–181, § 942(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–181, § 942(d), added subsec. (g). 2003—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 substituted ‘‘sub- section, the term ‘oversight’’ for ‘‘subsection:’’, struck out ‘‘(A) The term ‘oversight’’ before ‘‘information’ means’’, and struck out subpar. (B) which read as fol- lows: ‘‘The term ‘congressional defense committees’ means— ‘‘(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and ‘‘(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep- resentatives.’’ 1999—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted ‘‘Committee on Armed Services’’ for ‘‘Committee on National Security’’. 1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (d). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, § 905(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 404, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall take effect on January 31, 1997.’’ INPUT FROM COMMANDERS OF COMBATANT COMMANDS Pub. L. 111–23, title I, § 105(b), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1718, provided that: ‘‘The Joint Requirements Oversight Page 274 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 182 Council in the Department of Defense shall seek and consider input from the commanders of combatant commands, in accordance with section 181(d) of title 10, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)). Such input may include, but is not limited to, an as- sessment of the following: ‘‘(1) Any current or projected missions or threats in the theater of operations of the commander of a com- batant command that would inform the assessment of a new joint military requirement. ‘‘(2) The necessity and sufficiency of a proposed joint military requirement in terms of current and projected missions or threats. ‘‘(3) The relative priority of a proposed joint mili- tary requirement in comparison with other joint military requirements within the theater of oper- ations of the commander of a combatant command. ‘‘(4) The ability of partner nations in the theater of operations of the commander of a combatant com- mand to assist in meeting the joint military require- ment or the benefit, if any, of a partner nation assist- ing in development or use of technologies developed to meet the joint military requirement.’’ REVIEW OF JOINT MILITARY REQUIREMENTS Pub. L. 111–23, title II, § 201(c), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1720, provided that: ‘‘The Secretary of Defense shall en- sure that each new joint military requirement rec- ommended by the Joint Requirements Oversight Coun- cil is reviewed to ensure that the Joint Requirements Oversight Council has, in making such recommenda- tion— ‘‘(1) taken appropriate action to seek and consider input from the commanders of the combatant com- mands, in accordance with the requirements of sec- tion 181(d) of title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 105(a) of this Act); ‘‘(2) engaged in consideration of trade-offs among cost, schedule, and performance objectives in accord- ance with the requirements of section 181(b)(1)(C) of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (b)); and ‘‘(3) engaged in consideration of issues of joint port- folio management, including alternative material and non-material solutions, as provided in Depart- ment of Defense instructions for the development of joint military requirements.’’ STUDY GUIDANCE FOR ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES Pub. L. 111–23, title II, § 201(d), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1720, provided that: ‘‘The Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation shall take the lead in the de- velopment of study guidance for an analysis of alter- natives for each joint military requirement for which the Chairman of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council is the validation authority. In developing the guidance, the Director shall solicit the advice of appro- priate officials within the Department of Defense and ensure that the guidance requires, at a minimum— ‘‘(1) full consideration of possible trade-offs among cost, schedule, and performance objectives for each alternative considered; and ‘‘(2) an assessment of whether or not the joint mili- tary requirement can be met in a manner that is con- sistent with the cost and schedule objectives rec- ommended by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council.’’ DEADLINES FOR INCLUSION OF CORE MISSION REFERENCES IN DOCUMENTS Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, § 942(f), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 288, provided that: ‘‘Effective June 1, 2009, all joint military requirements documents of the Joint Re- quirements Oversight Council produced to carry out its mission under section 181(b)(1) of title 10, United States Code, shall reference the core mission areas organized and defined under [former] section 118b of such title. Not later than October 1, 2009, all such documents pro- duced before June 1, 2009, shall reference such struc- ture.’’ REPORTS ON JOINT REQUIREMENTS OVERSIGHT COUNCIL REFORM INITIATIVE Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title IX, § 916], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–231, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, § 923, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1199, directed the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff to submit reports to committees of Congress not later than Mar. 1, 2001, Sept. 1, 2001, Mar. 1, 2002, and Mar. 1, 2003, on the progress made on the initiative of the Chairman to reform and refocus the Joint Require- ments Oversight Council. § 182. Center for Excellence in Disaster Manage- ment and Humanitarian Assistance (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Defense may operate a Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Center’’). (b) MISSIONS.—(1) The Center shall be used to provide and facilitate education, training, and research in civil-military operations, particu- larly operations that require international dis- aster management and humanitarian assistance and operations that require coordination be- tween the Department of Defense and other agencies. (2) The Center shall be used to make available high-quality disaster management and humani- tarian assistance in response to disasters. (3) The Center shall be used to provide and fa- cilitate education, training, interagency coordi- nation, and research on the following additional matters: (A) Management of the consequences of nu- clear, biological, and chemical events. (B) Management of the consequences of ter- rorism. (C) Appropriate roles for the reserve compo- nents in the management of such con- sequences and in disaster management and hu- manitarian assistance in response to natural disasters. (D) Meeting requirements for information in connection with regional and global disasters, including the use of advanced communications technology as a virtual library. (E) Tropical medicine, particularly in rela- tion to the medical readiness requirements of the Department of Defense. (4) The Center shall develop a repository of disaster risk indicators for the Asia-Pacific re- gion. (5) The Center shall perform such other mis- sions as the Secretary of Defense may specify. (c) JOINT OPERATION WITH EDUCATIONAL INSTI- TUTION AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of Defense may enter into an agreement with appropriate officials of an institution of higher education to provide for joint operation of the Center. Any such agreement shall provide for the institution to furnish necessary administrative services for the Center, including administration and alloca- tion of funds. (d) ACCEPTANCE OF DONATIONS.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of De- fense may accept, on behalf of the Center, dona- tions to be used to defray the costs of the Center or to enhance the operation of the Center. Such donations may be accepted from any agency of the Federal Government, any State or local gov- ernment, any foreign government, any founda-