33 U.S.C. § 1121 — Congressional declaration of policy

Page 328 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1107 and accomplishments in terms of the objectives set forth pursuant to this Act. (b) Reports made under this section shall con- tain such recommendations for legislation as the President may consider necessary or desir- able for the attainment of the objectives of this Act, and shall contain an estimate of funding re- quirements of each agency and department of the United States for marine science activities during the succeeding fiscal year. (Pub. L. 89–454, title I, § 7, June 17, 1966, 80 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 99–386, title II, § 203(a), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 823.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–454, June 17, 1966, 80 Stat. 203, which, at the time this section was enacted, consisted only of sections 1 to 9, which are classified generally to this subchapter. Pub. L. 89–688, § 2, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1001, redesignated the Act as title I and made conforming amendments, substituting references to title I for previous references to the Act as a whole, but not in this section. Pub. L. 89–454 was amended by Pub. L. 89–688 by adding title II, which is classified generally to subchapter II of this chapter, and later by Pub. L. 92–583 by adding title III, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§ 1451 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. AMENDMENTS 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–386 substituted ‘‘bienni- ally in January’’ for ‘‘in January of each year’’. § 1107. Definitions For the purposes of this subchapter, the term ‘‘marine science’’ shall be deemed to apply to oceanographic and scientific endeavors and dis- ciplines, and engineering and technology in and with relation to the marine environment; and the term ‘‘marine environment’’ shall be deemed to include (a) the oceans, (b) the Continental Shelf of the United States, (c) the Great Lakes, (d) seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas ad- jacent to the coasts of the United States to the depth of two hundred meters, or beyond that limit, to where the depths of the superjacent wa- ters admit of the exploitation of the natural re- sources of such areas, (e) the seabed and subsoil of similar submarine areas adjacent to the coasts of islands which comprise United States territory, and (f) the resources thereof. (Pub. L. 89–454, title I, § 8, June 17, 1966, 80 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 89–688, § 2(b), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1001.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1966—Pub. L. 89–688 substituted ‘‘this title’’ for ‘‘this Act’’, which, for purposes of codification, has been changed to ‘‘this subchapter’’. § 1108. Authorization of appropriations There are hereby authorized to be appro- priated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter, but sums appropriated for any one fiscal year shall not exceed $1,200,000. (Pub. L. 89–454, title I, § 9, June 17, 1966, 80 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 89–688, § 2(b), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1001; Pub. L. 91–15, § 2, May 23, 1969, 83 Stat. 10.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1969—Pub. L. 91–15 substituted ‘‘$1,200,000’’ for ‘‘$1,500,000’’. 1966—Pub. L. 89–688 substituted ‘‘this title’’ for ‘‘this Act’’, which, for purposes of codification, has been changed to ‘‘this subchapter’’. SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM § 1121. Congressional declaration of policy (a) Findings The Congress finds and declares the following: (1) The national interest requires a strategy to— (A) provide for the understanding and wise use of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes re- sources and the environment; (B) foster economic competitiveness; (C) promote public stewardship and wise economic development of the coastal ocean and its margins, the Great Lakes, and the exclusive economic zone; (D) encourage the development of prepara- tion, forecast, analysis, mitigation, re- sponse, and recovery systems for coastal hazards; (E) understand global environmental proc- esses and their impacts on ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources; and (F) promote domestic and international cooperative solutions to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes issues. (2) Investment in a strong program of inte- grated research, education, extension, train- ing, technology transfer, and public service is essential for this strategy. (3) The expanding use and development of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources re- sulting from growing coastal area populations and the increasing pressures on the coastal and Great Lakes environment challenge the ability of the United States to manage such resources wisely. (4) The vitality of the Nation and the quality of life of its citizens depend increasingly on the understanding, assessment, development, management, utilization, and conservation of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources. These resources supply food, energy, and min- erals and contribute to human health, the quality of the environment, national security, and the enhancement of commerce. (5) The understanding, assessment, develop- ment, management, utilization, and conserva- tion of such resources require a broad commit- ment and an intense involvement on the part of the Federal Government in continuing part- nership with State and local governments, pri- vate industry, universities, organizations, and individuals concerned with or affected by ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources. (6) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, through the national sea grant college program, offers the most suit- able locus and means for such commitment and engagement through the promotion of ac- tivities that will result in greater such under- standing, assessment, development, manage- Page 329 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1121 1 So in original. ment, management,1 utilization, and conserva- tion of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes re- sources. The most cost-effective way to pro- mote such activities is through continued and increased Federal support of the establish- ment, development, management, and oper- ation of programs and projects by sea grant colleges, sea grant institutes, and other insti- tutions, including strong collaborations be- tween Administration scientists and research and outreach personnel at academic institu- tions. (b) Objective The objective of this subchapter is to increase the understanding, assessment, development, management, utilization, and conservation of the Nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes re- sources by providing assistance to promote a strong educational base, responsive research and training activities, broad and prompt dissemina- tion of knowledge and techniques, and multi- disciplinary approaches to environmental prob- lems. (c) Purpose It is the purpose of the Congress to achieve the objective of this subchapter by extending and strengthening the national sea grant program, initially established in 1966, to promote inte- grated research, education, training, and exten- sion services and activities in fields related to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources. (Pub. L. 89–454, title II, § 202, as added Pub. L. 89–688, § 1, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 998; amended Pub. L. 94–461, § 2, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 95–428, § 2(b), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 100–220, title III, §§ 3103, 3104(b)(1)(A), (B), Dec. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 1469, 1470; Pub. L. 105–160, § 3, Mar. 6, 1998, 112 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 107–299, § 2, Nov. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 2345; Pub. L. 110–394, § 3, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4205.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(c), inserted ‘‘management,’’ after ‘‘development,’’ wherever appear- ing. Subsec. (a)(1)(D), (E). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(a)(1), added subpars. (D) and (E) and struck out former subpars. (D) and (E) which read as follows: ‘‘(D) encourage the development of forecast and anal- ysis systems for coastal hazards; ‘‘(E) understand global environmental processes; and’’. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(a)(2), substituted ‘‘program of integrated research, education, exten- sion,’’ for ‘‘program of research, education,’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(a)(3), added par. (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: ‘‘The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, through the national sea grant college program, offers the most suitable locus and means for such com- mitment and involvement through the promotion of ac- tivities that will result in greater such understanding, assessment, development, utilization, and conserva- tion. The most cost-effective way to promote such ac- tivities is through continued and increased Federal support of the establishment, development, and oper- ation of programs and projects by sea grant colleges, sea grant institutes, and other institutions, including strong collaborations between Administration sci- entists and scientists at academic institutions.’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(c), inserted ‘‘manage- ment,’’ after ‘‘development,’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–394, § 3(b), substituted ‘‘to pro- mote integrated research, education, training, and ex- tension services and activities’’ for ‘‘to promote re- search, education, training, and advisory service activi- ties’’. 2002—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 107–299 inserted ‘‘, including strong collaborations between Administra- tion scientists and scientists at academic institutions’’ before period at end. 1998—Subsec. (a)(1)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 105–160, § 3(a), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpars. (D) and (E) as (E) and (F), respectively. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 105–160, § 3(b), substituted ‘‘The most cost-effective way to promote such activities is through continued and increased Federal support of the establishment, development, and operation of programs and projects by sea grant colleges, sea grant institutes, and other institutions.’’ for ‘‘Continued and increased Federal support of the establishment, development, and operation of programs and projects by sea grant col- leges, sea grant regional consortia, institutions of high- er education, institutes, laboratories, and other appro- priate public and private entities is the most cost-effec- tive way to promote such activities.’’ 1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–220, §§ 3103(1), 3104(b)(1)(A), added pars. (1) to (3), redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as (4) to (6), respectively, and substituted ‘‘ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources’’ for ‘‘ocean and coastal resources’’ in pars. (4) and (5). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–220, § 3103(2), substituted ‘‘ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources by pro- viding assistance to promote a strong educational base, responsive research and training activities, broad and prompt dissemination of knowledge and techniques, and multidisciplinary approaches to environmental problems.’’ for ‘‘ocean and coastal resources by pro- viding assistance to promote a strong educational base, responsive research and training activities, and broad and prompt dissemination of knowledge and tech- niques.’’ Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–220, § 3104(b)(1)(B), substituted ‘‘ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources’’ for ‘‘ocean and coastal resources’’. 1978—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–428 substituted ‘‘na- tional sea grant college program’’ for ‘‘national sea grant program’’. 1976—Pub. L. 94–461 completely rewrote the Congres- sional statement of findings, objectives, and purposes of the National Sea Grant Program Act to reflect the extension and strengthening of the national sea grant program to promote research, education, training, and advisory service activities in fields related to ocean and coastal resources through federal support to sea grant colleges, sea grant regional consortia, and other institutions through the National Oceanic and Atmos- pheric Administration, and to make education, train- ing, research, and advisory services responsive to state, local, regional, or national needs and problems. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–221, § 1, Dec. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 1057, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1123, 1126, 1127, 1128, and 1131 of this title, repealing section 857–20 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1123 and 1127 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Program Amend- ments Act of 2020’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–394, § 1, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4205, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending this section and sec- tions 1122 to 1124, 1126 to 1128, and 1131 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1128 Page 330 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1122 1 See References in Text note below. 2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized. of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Program Amendments Act of 2008’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–299, § 1, Nov. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 2345, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 857–20 of this title, amending this section and sections 1123, 1124, 1126 to 1128, and 1131 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1123 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Program Act Amendments of 2002’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–160, § 1, Mar. 6, 1998, 112 Stat. 21, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1541 of Title 15, Com- merce and Trade, amending this section and sections 1122, 1123, 1126 to 1128, and 1131 of this title, repealing section 1124a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1123 and 1131 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Pro- gram Reauthorization Act of 1998’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1991 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 102–186, § 1, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1282, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1122 to 1124, 1127, 1128, and 1131 of this title and section 4741 of Title 16, Conservation, and repealing sections 1125 and 1130 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant Col- lege Program Authorization Act of 1991’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–220, title III, § 3001, Dec. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 1469, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending this section and sections 1122 to 1131 of this title and enacting pro- visions set out as notes under this section and sections 883a and 1125 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Marine Science, Technology, and Policy Development Act of 1987’.’’ Section 3101 of subtitle A (§§ 3101–3111) of title III of Pub. L. 100–220 provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [amending this section and sections 1122 to 1131 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1125 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Program Authorization Act of 1987’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1976 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 94–461, § 1, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1961, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting sections 1124a, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, and 1131 of this title and amending this section, sections 1122, 1123, and 1124 of this title, sec- tions 5314 and 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and provisions set out as notes under this section, section 1511 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Or- ganization and Employees] may be cited as the ‘Sea Grant Program Improvement Act of 1976’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 89–454, title II, § 201, as added by Pub. L. 89–688, § 1, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 998, and amended by Pub. L. 94–461, § 2, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 95–428, § 2(a), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 999, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the ‘National Sea Grant College Program Act’.’’ § 1122. Definitions As used in this subchapter— (1) The term ‘‘Administration’’ means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis- tration. (2) The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director of the national sea grant college program, ap- pointed pursuant to section 1123(b) 1 of this title. (3) the 2 term ‘‘director of a sea grant col- lege’’ means a person designated by his or her institution to direct a sea grant college or sea grant institute. (4) The term ‘‘field related to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources’’ means any dis- cipline or field, including marine affairs, re- source management, technology, education, or science, which is concerned with or likely to improve the understanding, assessment, devel- opment, management, utilization, or con- servation of ocean, coastal, or Great Lakes re- sources. (5) The term ‘‘institution’’ means any public or private institution of higher education, in- stitute, laboratory, or State or local agency. (6) The term ‘‘includes’’ and variants thereof should be read as if the phrase ‘‘but is not lim- ited to’’ were also set forth. (7) The term ‘‘ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources’’ means the resources that are located in, derived from, or traceable to, the seabed, subsoil, and waters of— (A) the coastal zone, as defined in section 1453(1) of title 16; (B) the Great Lakes; (C) Lake Champlain (to the extent that such resources have hydrological, biological, physical, or geological characteristics and problems similar or related to those of the Great Lakes); (D) the territorial sea; (E) the exclusive economic zone; (F) the Outer Continental Shelf; and (G) the high seas. (8) The term ‘‘resource’’ means— (A) living resources (including natural and cultured plant life, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and wildlife); (B) nonliving resources (including energy sources, minerals, and chemical substances); (C) the habitat of a living resource, the coastal space, the ecosystems, the nutrient- rich areas, and the other components of the marine environment that contribute to or provide (or which are capable of contrib- uting to or providing) recreational, scenic, esthetic, biological, habitational, commer- cial, economic, or conservation values; and (D) man-made, tangible, intangible, ac- tual, or potential resources. (9) The term ‘‘Board’’ means the National Sea Grant Advisory Board established under section 1128 of this title. (10) The term ‘‘person’’ means any indi- vidual; any public or private corporation, partnership, or other association or entity (in- cluding any sea grant college, sea grant insti- tute or other institution); or any State, polit- ical subdivision of a State, or agency or officer thereof. (11) The term ‘‘project’’ means any individ- ually described activity in a field related to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources in- volving research, education, training, or ex- tension services administered by a person with expertise in such a field. (12) The term ‘‘sea grant college’’ means any institution, or any association or alliance of