26 U.S.C. § 683 — Use of trust as an exchange fund

Page 1854 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 681 funded branch plans, and time and manner for making elections, see section 2(e) of Pub. L. 96–603, set out as an Effective Date note under section 404A of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 94–455, title X, § 1013(f)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1616, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section (other than subsection (c)) [enacting this sec- tion and amending sections 643, 678, 6048, and 6678 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after De- cember 31, 1975, but only in the case of— ‘‘(A) foreign trusts created after May 21, 1974, and ‘‘(B) transfers of property to foreign trusts after May 21, 1974.’’ SUBPART F—MISCELLANEOUS Sec. 681. Limitation on charitable deduction. [682. Repealed.] 683. Use of trust as an exchange fund. 684. Recognition of gain on certain transfers to certain foreign trusts and estates. 685. Treatment of funeral trusts. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2017—Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11051(b)(1)(C), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2089, struck out item 682 ‘‘Income of an estate or trust in case of divorce, etc.’’ 2010—Pub. L. 111–312, title III, § 301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300, amended analysis to read as if amend- ment by Pub. L. 107–16, § 542(e)(1)(D), had never been en- acted. See 2001 Amendment note below. 2001—Pub. L. 107–16, title V, § 542(e)(1)(D), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 85, inserted ‘‘and nonresident aliens’’ after ‘‘estates’’ in item 684. 1997—Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1131(c)(6), title XIII, § 1309(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 980, 1043, added items 684 and 685. 1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, § 2131(e)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1924, substituted ‘‘Use of trust as an exchange fund’’ for ‘‘Applicability of provisions’’ in item 683. § 681. Limitation on charitable deduction (a) Trade or business income In computing the deduction allowable under section 642(c) to a trust, no amount otherwise allowable under section 642(c) as a deduction shall be allowed as a deduction with respect to income of the taxable year which is allocable to its unrelated business income for such year. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘‘unrelated business income’’ means an amount equal to the amount which, if such trust were exempt from tax under section 501(a) by reason of section 501(c)(3), would be computed as its un- related business taxable income under section 512 (relating to income derived from certain business activities and from certain property ac- quired with borrowed funds). (b) Cross reference For disallowance of certain charitable, etc., deduc- tions otherwise allowable under section 642(c), see sections 508(d) and 4948(c)(4). (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 232; Pub. L. 90–630, § 6(b), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1330; Pub. L. 91–172, title I, §§ 101(j)(18), (19), 121(d)(2)(B), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 528, 547.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(d)(2)(B), sub- stituted reference to certain property acquired with borrowed funds for reference to certain leases. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172, § 101(j)(18), (19), redesig- nated subsec. (d) as (b) and substituted ‘‘sections 518(d) and 4948(c)(4)’’ for ‘‘section 503(e)’’. Former subsec. (b), dealing generally with the operation of trusts, was struck out. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172, § 101(j)(18), struck out sub- sec. (c) dealing with accumulated income. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172, § 101(j)(19), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b). 1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–630 inserted provision that par. (1) does not apply to income attributable to property transferred to a trust before January 1, 1951, by the creator thereof if the trust was irrevocable on such date and if the income is required to be accumu- lated pursuant to the mandatory terms of the instru- ment creating the trust. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1969 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 101(j)(18), (19) of Pub. L. 91–172 effective Jan. 1, 1970, see section 101(k)(1) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4940 of this title. Amendment by section 121(d)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 121(g) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 511 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1968 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 90–630, § 6(c), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1330, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 504 of this title] and (b) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1953, and ending after Au- gust 16, 1954. For purposes of sections 3814 and 162(g)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, provisions having the same effect as such amendments shall be treated as included in such sections effective with respect to tax- able years beginning after December 31, 1950.’’ [§ 682. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11051(b)(1)(C), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2089] Section, Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 234; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 422(d)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 798, related to income of an estate or trust in case of di- vorce. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal applicable to any divorce or separation instru- ment (as defined in former section 71(b)(2) of this title as in effect before Dec. 22, 2017) executed after Dec. 31, 2018, and to such instruments executed on or before Dec. 31, 2018, and modified after Dec. 31, 2018, if the modification expressly provides that the amendment made by section 11051 of Pub. L. 115–97 applies to such modification, see section 11051(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as an Effective Date of 2017 Amendment note under section 61 of this title. § 683. Use of trust as an exchange fund (a) General rule Except as provided in subsection (b), if prop- erty is transferred to a trust in exchange for an interest in other trust property and if the trust would be an investment company (within the meaning of section 351) if it were a corporation, then gain shall be recognized to the transferor. (b) Exception for pooled income funds Subsection (a) shall not apply to any transfer to a pooled income fund (within the meaning of section 642(c)(5)). (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 235; Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, § 2131(e)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1924.) Page 1855 TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE § 685 Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1976—Pub. L. 94–455 substituted provisions relating to use of trust as an exchange fund for provisions setting forth rule that this part applies only to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1953, and ending after the date of the enactment of this title and exceptions thereto. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1976 AMENDMENT Amendment of section by Pub. L. 94–455 effective on Apr. 8, 1976, in taxable years ending on or after such date, see section 2131(f)(6) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 584 of this title. § 684. Recognition of gain on certain transfers to certain foreign trusts and estates (a) In general Except as provided in regulations, in the case of any transfer of property by a United States person to a foreign estate or trust, for purposes of this subtitle, such transfer shall be treated as a sale or exchange for an amount equal to the fair market value of the property transferred, and the transferor shall recognize as gain the excess of— (1) the fair market value of the property so transferred, over (2) the adjusted basis (for purposes of deter- mining gain) of such property in the hands of the transferor. (b) Exception Subsection (a) shall not apply to a transfer to a trust by a United States person to the extent that any person is treated as the owner of such trust under section 671. (c) Treatment of trusts which become foreign trusts If a trust which is not a foreign trust becomes a foreign trust, such trust shall be treated for purposes of this section as having transferred, immediately before becoming a foreign trust, all of its assets to a foreign trust. (Added Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1131(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 978; amended Pub. L. 107–16, title V, § 542(e)(1)(A)–(C), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 84, 85; Pub. L. 111–312, title III, § 301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Another section 1131(b) of Pub. L. 105–34 amended sec- tions 367, 721, and 1035 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2010—Pub. L. 111–312 amended catchline, introductory provisions of subsec. (a), and subsec. (b) to read as if amendment by Pub. L. 107–16, § 542(e)(1)(A)–(C), had never been enacted. See 2001 Amendment note below. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: ‘‘EX- CEPTIONS.— ‘‘(1) TRANSFERS TO CERTAIN TRUSTS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to a transfer to a trust by a United States person to the extent that any United States person is treated as the owner of such trust under section 671. ‘‘(2) LIFETIME TRANSFERS TO NONRESIDENT ALIENS.— Subsection (a) shall not apply to a lifetime transfer to a nonresident alien.’’ 2001—Pub. L. 107–16, § 542(e)(1)(A)–(C), amended sec- tion by inserting ‘‘and nonresident aliens’’ after ‘‘es- tates’’ in section catchline and ‘‘or to a nonresident alien’’ after ‘‘or trust’’ in introductory provisions of subsec. (a) and amending subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: ‘‘Sub- section (a) shall not apply to a transfer to a trust by a United States person to the extent that any person is treated as the owner of such trust under section 671.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2010 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 111–312 applicable to estates of decedents dying, and transfers made after Dec. 31, 2009, except as otherwise provided, see section 301(e) of Pub. L. 111–312, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note under section 121 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2001 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to transfers after Dec. 31, 2009, see section 542(f)(2) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 121 of this title. § 685. Treatment of funeral trusts (a) In general In the case of a qualified funeral trust— (1) subparts B, C, D, and E shall not apply, and (2) no deduction shall be allowed by section 642(b). (b) Qualified funeral trust For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘qualified funeral trust’’ means any trust (other than a foreign trust) if— (1) the trust arises as a result of a contract with a person engaged in the trade or business of providing funeral or burial services or prop- erty necessary to provide such services, (2) the sole purpose of the trust is to hold, invest, and reinvest funds in the trust and to use such funds solely to make payments for such services or property for the benefit of the beneficiaries of the trust, (3) the only beneficiaries of such trust are individuals with respect to whom such serv- ices or property are to be provided at their death under contracts described in paragraph (1), (4) the only contributions to the trust are contributions by or for the benefit of such beneficiaries, (5) the trustee elects the application of this subsection, and (6) the trust would (but for the election de- scribed in paragraph (5)) be treated as owned under subpart E by the purchasers of the con- tracts described in paragraph (1). A trust shall not fail to be treated as meeting the requirement of paragraph (6) by reason of the death of an individual but only during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such death. (c) Application of rate schedule Section 1(e) shall be applied to each qualified funeral trust by treating each beneficiary’s in- terest in each such trust as a separate trust. (d) Treatment of amounts refunded to purchaser on cancellation No gain or loss shall be recognized to a pur- chaser of a contract described in subsection