5 U.S.C. § 8331 — Definitions

Page 975 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 Standard changes are made to conform with the defi- nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 2 of the Act of September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 648), referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out as a note under section 8322 of this title. § 8320. Offense or violation committed in compli- ance with orders When it is established by satisfactory evidence that an individual— (1) was convicted of an offense named by sec- tion 8312 of this title; or (2) violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title; as a result of proper compliance with orders issued, in a confidential relationship, by an agency or other authority of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, the right to receive an- nuity or retired pay may not be denied. (Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 5 U.S.C. 2285(c). Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, § 1 ‘‘Sec. 6(c)’’, 75 Stat. 645. The reference to conviction of an offense which con- stitutes a violation of former section 2283 (which is car- ried into this title as sections 8314 and 8315) is omitted as being covered by the words ‘‘violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title’’ which are added on authority of the words ‘‘conviction or violation’’ in former section 2285(c). Standard changes are made to conform with the defi- nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. § 8321. Liability of accountable employees An accountable employee may not be held re- sponsible for a payment made in violation of this subchapter when the payment made is in due course and without fraud, collusion, or gross negligence. (Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 5 U.S.C. 2286. Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, § 1 ‘‘Sec. 7’’, 75 Stat. 645. The words ‘‘and section 3282 of Title 18’’ are omitted as unnecessary. Standard changes are made to conform with the defi- nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. § 8322. Effect on other statutes This subchapter does not restrict authority under a statute, other than this subchapter, to deny or withhold benefits authorized by statute. (Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 5 U.S.C. 2288. Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, § 1 ‘‘Sec. 9’’, 75 Stat. 646. The words ‘‘and section 3282 of Title 18’’ are omitted as unnecessary. Standard changes are made to conform with the defi- nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries RETROACTIVE RESTORATION OF ANNUITY AND RETIRED PAY; REDEPOSITS OF CONTRIBUTIONS AND OFFSETS Section 2 of Pub. L. 87–299, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 648, provided that: ‘‘(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any per- son, including his survivor or beneficiary, to whom an- nuity or retired pay is not payable under the Act of September 1, 1954 [this subchapter], as in effect at any time prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1961], by reason of any conviction of an offense, any commission of a violation, any refusal to answer, or any absence under indictment, or under charges, for any offense, shall be restored the right to receive such annuity or retired pay for any and all periods for which he would have had the right to receive such annuity or retired pay if the Act of September 1, 1954 [this sub- chapter], had not been enacted, unless, under the amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending former chapter 31 of this title, now this sub- chapter, and section 3282 of Title 18, Crimes and Crimi- nal Procedure], such annuity or retired pay remains nonpayable to such person, including his survivor or beneficiary. ‘‘(b) No annuity accrued or accruing, prior to, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1961], on account of the restoration, by reason of the amend- ment made by the first section of this Act [amending former chapter 31 of this title, now this subchapter, and section 3282 of Title 18] and by reason of subsection (a) of this section, of the right to receive such annuity, shall be paid until any sum refunded under section 3 of the Act of September 1, 1954 [former section 2284 of this title, now section 8316 of this title, prior to amendment Sept. 26, 1961], as in effect prior to the date of enact- ment of such amendment [Sept. 26, 1961], is deposited or is collected by offset against the annuity.’’ SUBCHAPTER III—CIVIL SERVICE RETIREMENT § 8331. Definitions For the purpose of this subchapter— (1) ‘‘employee’’ means— (A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title; (B) the Architect of the Capitol, an em- ployee of the Architect of the Capitol, and an employee of the Botanic Garden; (C) a Congressional employee as defined by section 2107 of this title (other than the Ar- chitect of the Capitol, an employee of the Architect of the Capitol, and an employee of the Botanic Garden), after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become subject to this sub- chapter; (D) a temporary Congressional employee appointed at an annual rate of pay, after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become sub- ject to this subchapter; Page 976 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 (E) a United States Commissioner whose total pay for services performed as Commis- sioner is not less than $3,000 in each of the last 3 consecutive calendar years ending after December 31, 1954; (F) an individual employed by a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16; (G) an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia be- fore October 1, 1987; (H) an individual employed by Gallaudet College; (I) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838); (J) an alien (i) who was previously em- ployed by the Government, (ii) who is em- ployed full time by a foreign government for the purpose of protecting or furthering the interests of the United States during an interruption of diplomatic or consular rela- tions, and (iii) for whose services reimburse- ment is made to the foreign government by the United States; (K) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President, or a former Vice President under section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (78 Stat. 153), who immediately be- fore the date of such appointment was an employee as defined under any other sub- paragraph of this paragraph; and (L) an employee described in section 2105(c) who has made an election under sec- tion 8347(q)(1) to remain covered under this subchapter; but does not include— (i) a justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 451 of title 28; (ii) an employee subject to another retire- ment system for Government employees (be- sides any employee excluded by clause (x), but including any employee who has made an election under section 8347(q)(2) to re- main covered by a retirement system estab- lished for employees described in section 2105(c)); (iii) an employee or group of employees in or under an Executive agency excluded by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8347(g) of this title; (iv) an individual or group of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia excluded by the Office under section 8347(h) of this title; (v) an employee of the Administrative Of- fice of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, or a court named by section 610 of title 28, excluded by the Director of the Administrative Office under section 8347(o) of this title; (vi) a construction employee or other tem- porary, part-time, or intermittent employee of the Tennessee Valley Authority; (vii) an employee under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol excluded by the Ar- chitect of the Capitol under section 8347(i) of this title; (viii) an employee under the Library of Congress excluded by the Librarian of Con- gress under section 8347(j) of this title; (ix) a student-employee as defined by sec- tion 5351 of this title; (x) an employee subject to the Federal Em- ployees’ Retirement System; (xi) an employee under the Botanic Garden excluded by the Director or Acting Director of the Botanic Garden under section 8347(l) of this title; or (xii) a member of the Foreign Service (as described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980), appointed after Decem- ber 31, 1987. Notwithstanding this paragraph, the employ- ment of a teacher in the recess period between two school years in a position other than a teaching position in which he served imme- diately before the recess period does not qual- ify the individual as an employee for the pur- pose of this subchapter. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, ‘‘teacher’’ and ‘‘teaching position’’ have the meanings given them by section 901 of title 20; (2) ‘‘Member’’ means a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title, after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become subject to this subchapter, but does not include any such Member of Congress who is subject to the Fed- eral Employees’ Retirement System or who makes an election under section 8401(20) of this title not to be subject to such System; (3) ‘‘basic pay’’ includes— (A) the amount a Member received from April 1, 1954, to February 28, 1955, as expense allowance under section 601(b) of the Legis- lative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 850), as amended; and that amount from Jan- uary 3, 1953, to March 31, 1954, if deposit is made therefor as provided by section 8334 of this title; (B) additional pay provided by— (i) subsection (a) of section 60e–7 of title 2 and the provisions of law referred to by that subsection; and (ii) sections 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, 60e–11, 60e–12, 60e–13, and 60e–14 of title 2; (C) premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title; (D) with respect to a law enforcement offi- cer, premium pay under section 5545(c)(2) of this title; (E) availability pay— (i) received by a criminal investigator under section 5545a of this title; or (ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal or criminal investi- gator (as defined in section 5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security Administra- tion, subject to all restrictions and earn- ing limitations imposed on criminal inves- tigators receiving such pay under section 5545a, including the premium pay limita- tions under section 5547; (F) pay as provided in section 5545b(b)(2) and (c)(2); (G) with respect to a customs officer (re- ferred to in subsection (e)(1) of section 5 of Page 977 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. 2 See Change of Name note below. the Act of February 13, 1911), compensation for overtime inspectional services provided for under subsection (a) of such section 5, but not to exceed 50 percent of any statutory maximum in overtime pay for customs offi- cers which is in effect for the year involved; (H) any amount received under section 5948 (relating to physicians comparability allow- ances); and (I) with respect to a border patrol agent, the amount of supplemental pay received through application of the level 1 border pa- trol rate of pay or the level 2 border patrol rate of pay for scheduled overtime within the regular tour of duty of the border patrol agent as provided in section 5550; but does not include bonuses, allowances, overtime pay, military pay, pay given in addi- tion to the base pay of the position as fixed by law or regulation except as provided by sub- paragraphs (B) through (I) of this paragraph 1 retroactive pay under section 5344 of this title in the case of a retired or deceased employee, uniform allowances under section 5901 of this title, or lump-sum leave payments under sub- chapter VI of chapter 55 of this title. For an employee paid on a fee basis, the maximum amount of basic pay which may be used is $10,000; (4) ‘‘average pay’’ means the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employee’s or Member’s rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of creditable service or, in the case of an annuity under subsection (d) or (e)(1) of section 8341 of this title based on service of less than 3 years, over the total service, with each rate weighted by the time it was in effect; (5) ‘‘Fund’’ means the Civil Service Retire- ment and Disability Fund; [(6) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 403(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606;] (7) ‘‘Government’’ means the Government of the United States, the government of the Dis- trict of Columbia, Gallaudet University, and, in the case of an employee described in para- graph (1)(L), a nonappropriated fund instru- mentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c); (8) ‘‘lump-sum credit’’ means the unrefunded amount consisting of— (A) retirement deductions made from the basic pay of an employee or Member; (B) amounts deposited by an employee or Member covering earlier service, including any amounts deposited under section 8334(j) of this title; and (C) interest on the deductions and deposits at 4 percent a year to December 31, 1947, and 3 percent a year thereafter compounded an- nually to December 31, 1956, or, in the case of an employee or Member separated or trans- ferred to a position in which he does not con- tinue subject to this subchapter before he has completed 5 years of civilian service, to the date of the separation or transfer; but does not include interest— (i) if the service covered thereby aggre- gates 1 year or less; or (ii) for the fractional part of a month in the total service; (9) ‘‘annuitant’’ means a former employee or Member who, on the basis of his service, meets all requirements of this subchapter for title to annuity and files claim therefor; (10) ‘‘survivor’’ means an individual entitled to annuity under this subchapter based on the service of a deceased employee, Member, or annuitant; (11) ‘‘survivor annuitant’’ means a survivor who files claim for annuity; (12) ‘‘service’’ means employment creditable under section 8332 of this title; (13) ‘‘military service’’ means honorable ac- tive service— (A) in the armed forces; (B) in the Regular or Reserve Corps 2 of the Public Health Service after June 30, 1960; or (C) as a commissioned officer of the Envi- ronmental Science Services Administration after June 30, 1961; and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but does not include service in the National Guard ex- cept when ordered to active duty in the serv- ice of the United States or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this sub- chapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that oc- curs on or after August 1, 1990; (14) ‘‘Member service’’ means service as a Member and includes the period from the date of the beginning of the term for which elected or appointed to the date on which he takes of- fice as a Member; (15) ‘‘price index’’ means the Consumer Price Index (all items—United States city average) published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; (16) ‘‘base month’’ means the month for which the price index showed a percent rise forming the basis for a cost-of-living annuity increase; (17) ‘‘normal-cost percentage’’ means the entry-age normal cost computed by the Office of Personnel Management in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practice and standards (using dynamic assumptions) and expressed as a level percentage of aggregate basic pay; (18) ‘‘Fund balance’’ means the current net assets of the Fund available for payment of benefits, as determined by the Office in ac- cordance with appropriate accounting stand- ards, but does not include any amount attrib- utable to— (A) the Federal Employees’ Retirement System; or (B) contributions made under the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Tem- porary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on be- half of any individual who became subject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System; Page 978 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 (19) ‘‘unfunded liability’’ means the esti- mated excess of the present value of all bene- fits payable from the Fund to employees and Members, and former employees and Members, subject to this subchapter, and to their sur- vivors, over the sum of— (A) the present value of deductions to be withheld from the future basic pay of em- ployees and Members currently subject to this subchapter and of future agency con- tributions to be made in their behalf; plus (B) the present value of Government pay- ments to the Fund under section 8348(f) of this title; plus (C) the Fund balance as of the date the un- funded liability is determined; (20) ‘‘law enforcement officer’’ means an em- ployee, the duties of whose position are pri- marily the investigation, apprehension, or de- tention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a super- visory or administrative position. For the pur- pose of this paragraph, ‘‘detention’’ includes the duties of— (A) employees of the Bureau of Prisons and Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated; (B) employees of the Public Health Service assigned to the field service of the Bureau of Prisons or of the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated; (C) employees in the field service at Army or Navy disciplinary barracks or at confine- ment and rehabilitation facilities operated by any of the armed forces; and (D) employees of the Department of Cor- rections of the District of Columbia, its in- dustries and utilities; whose duties in connection with individuals in detention suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States or of the District of Columbia or offenses against the punitive articles of the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of title 10) require frequent (as determined by the appro- priate administrative authority with the con- currence of the Office) direct contact with these individuals in their detention, direction, supervision, inspection, training, employment, care, transportation, or rehabilitation; (21) ‘‘firefighter’’ means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily to per- form work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires or the mainte- nance and use of firefighting apparatus and equipment, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a super- visory or administrative position; (22) ‘‘bankruptcy judge’’ means an indi- vidual— (A) who is appointed under section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 62) or under section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549), and— (i) who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984; or (ii) whose service as a United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the pe- riod beginning on October 1, 1979, and end- ing on July 10, 1984, is terminated by rea- son of death or disability; or (B) who is appointed as a bankruptcy judge under section 152 of title 28; (23) ‘‘former spouse’’ means a former spouse of an individual— (A) if such individual performed at least 18 months of civilian service covered under this subchapter as an employee or Member, and (B) if the former spouse was married to such individual for at least 9 months; (24) ‘‘Indian court’’ means an Indian court as defined by section 201(3) of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to prescribe penalties for certain acts of violence or intimidation, and for other pur- poses’’, approved April 11, 1968 (25 U.S.C. 1301(3); 82 Stat. 77); (25) ‘‘magistrate judge’’ or ‘‘United States magistrate judge’’ means an individual ap- pointed under section 631 of title 28; (26) ‘‘Court of Federal Claims judge’’ means a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is appointed under chapter 7 of title 28 or who has served under section 167 of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982; (27) ‘‘Nuclear materials courier’’— (A) means an employee of the Department of Energy, the duties of whose position are primarily to transport, and provide armed escort and protection during transit of, nu- clear weapons, nuclear weapon components, strategic quantities of special nuclear mate- rials or other materials related to national security; and (B) includes an employee who is trans- ferred directly to a supervisory or adminis- trative position within the same Depart- ment of Energy organization, after per- forming duties referred to in subparagraph (A) for at least 3 years; (28) ‘‘Government physician’’ has the mean- ing given that term under section 5948; (29) ‘‘dynamic assumptions’’ means eco- nomic assumptions that are used in deter- mining actuarial costs and liabilities of a re- tirement system and in anticipating the ef- fects of long-term future— (A) investment yields; (B) increases in rates of basic pay; and (C) rates of price inflation; (30) the term ‘‘air traffic controller’’ or ‘‘controller’’ means— (A) a controller within the meaning of sec- tion 2109(1); and (B) a civilian employee of the Department of Transportation or the Department of De- fense who is the immediate supervisor of a person described in section 2109(1)(B); (31) ‘‘customs and border protection officer’’ means an employee in the Department of Homeland Security (A) who holds a position within the GS–1895 job series (determined ap- plying the criteria in effect as of September 1, 2007) or any successor position, and (B) whose duties include activities relating to the arrival and departure of persons, conveyances, and merchandise at ports of entry, including any such employee who is transferred directly to a Page 979 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 supervisory or administrative position in the Department of Homeland Security after per- forming such duties (as described in subpara- graph (B)) in 1 or more positions (as described in subparagraph (A)) for at least 3 years; (32) ‘‘Director’’ means the Director of the Of- fice of Personnel Management; and (33) ‘‘representative payee’’ means a person (including an organization) designated under section 8345(e)(1) to receive payments on be- half of a minor or an individual mentally in- competent or under other legal disability. (Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564; Pub. L. 89–737, § 1(2), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 90–83, § 1(72), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 213; Pub. L. 90–623, § 1(21), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 91–93, title I, § 101, title II, § 201(a), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 136, 138; Pub. L. 92–352, title I, § 105(a), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 93–350, § 2, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 94–183, § 2(38), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, § 906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, § 338(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 96–54, § 2(a)(47), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 403(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, § 306(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 98–249, § 3(b), Mar. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 98–271, § 3(b), Apr. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 98–299, § 3(b), May 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98–325, § 3(b), June 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §§ 116(a), 121(g), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343, 346; Pub. L. 98–531, § 2(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704; Pub. L. 98–615, § 2(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §§ 202, 207(f), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 591, 595; Pub. L. 100–53, § 2(a), June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§ 112, 123, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750, 1754; Pub. L. 100–679, § 13(a)(1), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4071; Pub. L. 101–474, § 5(m), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, § 7202(j)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–337; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§ 306(c)(1), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, 5117; Pub. L. 102–378, § 2(57), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13812(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 103–353, § 5(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3173; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, § 3154(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2254; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(h) [title VI, § 628(d)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521; Pub. L. 106–571, § 3(a), (b)(2), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3054, 3055; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, § 105(c), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 108–18, § 2(a), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, § 226(a)(1), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, § 535(a)(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, § 1115(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, § 100121(a)(1), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 113–277, § 2(d), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3003; Pub. L. 114–136, § 2(c)(3), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1908(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3548; Pub. L. 116–126, § 2(a)(1), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 174.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1966 ACT Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large .................. 5 U.S.C. 2251 (less (h)–(j)). July 31, 1956, ch. 804, § 401 ‘‘Sec. 1 (less (h)–(j))’’, 70 Stat. 743. Apr. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–415, § 6(c), 74 Stat. 35. July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, § 1(a), 74 Stat. 358. Sept. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–233, § 2, 75 Stat. 507. Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, § 1102(a), 76 Stat. 869. Feb. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–267, § 1(a), 78 Stat. 8. .................. 5 U.S.C. 2252 (less (e), (f) (words after semicolon), (g) (2d sentence), (h) (words after colon)). July 31, 1956, ch. 804, § 401 ‘‘Sec. 2 (less (e), (f) (words after semicolon), (g) (2d sentence))’’, 70 Stat. 745. July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, § 115(b)(1) ‘‘(h) (less words after colon)’’, 74 Stat. 302. Feb. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–267, § 1(b), (c), 78 Stat. 9. .................. 5 U.S.C. 1054 (1st 27 words). Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, § 5 (1st 27 words), 61 Stat. 728. .................. [Uncodified]. Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–745, § 1(b) (last sentence, as ap- plicable to the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Act), 72 Stat. 838. .................. 5 U.S.C. 2358(c) (as applicable to the Civil Service Re- tirement Act). July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, § 10(c) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retire- ment Act), 73 Stat. 217. .................. 5 U.S.C. 932c(d). June 28, 1955, ch. 189, § 4(i), 69 Stat. 178. .................. 5 U.S.C. 932d(d). June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, § 4(g), 72 Stat. 208. .................. 5 U.S.C. 932e(f). July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, § 117(i), 74 Stat. 304. .................. 5 U.S.C. 932f(e). Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, § 1005(h), 76 Stat. 867. .................. 5 U.S.C. 932g(d). Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, § 202(d), 78 Stat. 413. .................. 5 U.S.C. 1182(b). Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–872, § 2(b), 72 Stat. 1696. .................. 5 U.S.C. 2132 (as ap- plicable to the Civil Service Re- tirement Act, as amended). Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, § 403 (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended), 68 Stat. 1115. In paragraph (1), the specific exception of the Presi- dent, appearing in former section 2252(b), is omitted as unnecessary because he is not included in the definition of ‘‘employee’’. In paragraph (1)(B), the definition of ‘‘Congressional employee’’ in former section 2251(c) is omitted as un- necessary in view of the definition of the term in sec- tion 2107. In paragraph (1)(E), the words ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any Executive order’’ are omitted as unnecessary. In paragraph (1)(i), the words ‘‘justice or’’ are added on authority of section 371 and 372 of title 28. Paragraph (1)(iii) and (iv) is based on former section 2252(e), which is carried into section 8347(g) and (h). Paragraph (1)(vii) and (viii) is based on former sec- tion 2252(f), which is carried in part into section 8347(i) and (j). In paragraph (1), the last sentence is added on author- ity of former section 2351, which is scheduled for trans- fer to section 901 of title 20. In paragraph (3), the words ‘‘or lump-sum leave pay- ments under subchapter VI of chapter 55 of this title’’ are added on authority of former section 61b (6th sen- tence), which is carried into section 5551. In paragraph (4)(B), references to sections 60e–7, 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, and 60e–11 of title 2 are substituted for the words ‘‘this section’’, appearing in former sections 932c(d), 932d(d), 932e(f), 932f(e), and 932g(d), to reflect the scheduled transfer of those sections to title 2. Page 980 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 In paragraph (5), the words ‘‘the Civil Service Retire- ment and Disability Fund’’ are substituted for ‘‘the civil service retirement and disability fund created by the Act of May 22, 1920’’. In paragraph (7), the words ‘‘Government of the United States’’ are coextensive with and substituted for ‘‘the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the United States Government, including Government- owned or controlled corporation’’. In paragraph (13), the words ‘‘armed forces’’ are coex- tensive with and substituted for ‘‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States’’ in view of the definition of ‘‘armed forces’’ in section 2101. The definition of ‘‘Commission’’ in former section 2251(m) is omitted as unnecessary as the title ‘‘Civil Service Commission’’ is fully set out the first time it is used in each section. Standard changes are made to conform with the defi- nitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. 1967 ACT Section of title 5 Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 8331(1)(B), (C). 5 App.: 2252(c). Sept. 26, 1966, Pub. L. 89–604, § 1(b), 80 Stat. 846. 8331(3)(B) (ii). 5 App.: 932h(c). Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, § 11(d), 79 Stat. 1120. 5 App.: 932i(c). July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, § 302(d), 80 Stat. 295. 8331(13) ...... [No source]. [No source]. 8331(15), (16) 5 App.: 2251(t). Sept. 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–205, § 1(a), 79 Stat. 840. In paragraphs (1)(C), (D) and (2), the words ‘‘become subject to’’ are substituted for ‘‘come within the pur- view of’’ for consistency within the subchapter. In paragraph (3)(B)(ii), references to sections 60e–12 and 60e–13 of title 2 are substituted for the words ‘‘this section’’ appearing in 5 U.S.C. App. 932h(c) and 932i(c), to reflect the scheduled transfer of those sections to title 2 (See table IV). In paragraph (8)(C), the words ‘‘in which he does not continue subject to’’ are substituted for ‘‘not within the purview of’’ for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to this subchapter. The amendment to paragraph (13) reflects Reorga- nization Plan No. 2 of 1965 (79 Stat. 1318), effective July 13, 1965, which consolidated the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau to form a new agency in the Department of Commerce to be known as the En- vironmental Science Services Administration. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1(b) of the act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838), referred to in par. (1)(I), is set out as a note under sec- tion 102 of Title 3, The President. Section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, referred to in par. (1)(K), is section 5 of Pub. L. 88–277, which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President. Section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, re- ferred to in par. (1)(xii), is classified to section 3903(6) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Section 601(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 850), as amended, referred to in par. (3)(A), was classified to section 31a of Title 2, The Con- gress, which was repealed by act Mar. 2, 1955, ch. 9, § 4(b), 69 Stat. 11. Sections 60e–7, 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, 60e–11, 60e–12, 60e–13, and 60e–14 of title 2, referred to in par. (3)(B), were omitted from the Code. Section 5 of the Act of February 13, 1911, referred to in par. (3)(G), is classified to section 267 of Title 19, Cus- toms Duties. The Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, referred to in par. (18)(B), is Pub. L. 98–168, title II, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1106, which is set out as a note below. The Bankruptcy Act, referred to in par. (22)(A), is act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended, which was classified generally to former Title 11, Bankruptcy. The Act was repealed effective Oct. 1, 1979, by Pub. L. 95–598, §§ 401(a), 402(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, section 101 of which enacted revised Title 11. Section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978, referred to in par. (22)(A), is section 404(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2684, which was set out in a note preceding section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Ju- dicial Procedure, and was repealed by Pub. L. 98–353, title I, § 114, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343. Section 167 of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, referred to in par. (26), is section 167 of Pub. L. 97–164, which is set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28. AMENDMENTS 2020—Par. (33). Pub. L. 116–126 added par. (33). 2018—Par. (3)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 115–254 amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: ‘‘received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal of the Department of Transportation, subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed on criminal investigators under section 5545a;’’. 2016—Par. (1)(K). Pub. L. 114–136 substituted ‘‘section 5’’ for ‘‘section 4’’. 2014—Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–277, § 2(d)(4), substituted ‘‘subparagraphs (B) through (I)’’ for ‘‘subparagraphs (B) through (H)’’ in concluding provisions. Par. (3)(I). Pub. L. 113–277, § 2(d)(1)–(3), added subpar. (I). 2012—Par. (32). Pub. L. 112–141 added par. (32). 2008—Par. (13). Pub. L. 110–181, in concluding provi- sions, substituted ‘‘and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but’’ for ‘‘but’’. 2007—Pars. (29) to (31). Pub. L. 110–161 redesignated par. (29) defining ‘‘air traffic controller’’ or ‘‘con- troller’’ as (30) and added par. (31). 2003—Par. (17). Pub. L. 108–18, § 2(a)(1), substituted ‘‘ ‘normal-cost percentage’ ’’ for ‘‘ ‘normal cost’ ’’ and inserted ‘‘and standards (using dynamic assumptions)’’ after ‘‘practice’’. Par. (18). Pub. L. 108–18, § 2(a)(2), amended par. (18) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (18) read as fol- lows: ‘‘ ‘Fund balance’ means the sum of— ‘‘(A) the investments of the Fund calculated at par value; and ‘‘(B) the cash balance of the Fund on the books of the Treasury; ‘‘but does not include any amount attributable to— ‘‘(i) the Federal Employees’ Retirement System; or ‘‘(ii) contributions made under the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of any individual who be- came subject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System;’’. Pars. (27), (28). Pub. L. 108–18, § 2(a)(3), and Pub. L. 108–176, § 226(a)(1)(A), (B), made identical amendments, striking out ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (27) and substituting ‘‘; and’’ for period at end of par. (28). Par. (29). Pub. L. 108–176, § 226(a)(1)(C), added par. (29) defining ‘‘air traffic controller’’ or ‘‘controller’’. Pub. L. 108–18, § 2(a)(3), added par. (29) defining ‘‘dy- namic assumptions’’ . 2001—Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 107–71 amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as fol- lows: ‘‘with respect to a criminal investigator, avail- ability pay under section 5545a of this title;’’. 2000—Par. (3). Pub. L. 106–571, § 3(a)(4), substituted ‘‘through (H)’’ for ‘‘through (G)’’ in concluding provi- sions. Par. (3)(H). Pub. L. 106–571, § 3(a)(1)–(3), added subpar. (H). Page 981 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 Par. (28). Pub. L. 106–571, § 3(b)(2), added par. (28). 1998—Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–277 struck out ‘‘and’’ at end of subpar. (D), added subpars. (E) and (F), redesignated former subpar. (E) as (G), and, in concluding provisions, substituted ‘‘subparagraphs (B) through (G)’’ for ‘‘sub- paragraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E)’’. Par. (27). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (27). 1994—Par. (13). Pub. L. 103–353 inserted before semi- colon at end ‘‘or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such serv- ice interrupts creditable civilian service under this sub- chapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that occurs on or after Au- gust 1, 1990’’. 1993—Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–66 added subpar. (E), and in closing provisions substituted ‘‘subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph’’ for ‘‘subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph,’’. 1992—Par. (1)(L). Pub. L. 102–378, § 2(57)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘section 8347(q)(1)’’ for ‘‘section 8347(p)(1)’’. Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 102–378, § 2(57)(A)(ii), substituted ‘‘section 8347(q)(2)’’ for ‘‘section 8347(p)(2)’’. Par. (7). Pub. L. 102–378, § 2(57)(B), substituted ‘‘Uni- versity’’ for ‘‘College’’. Par. (26). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted ‘‘Court of Fed- eral Claims’’ for ‘‘Claims Court’’ and ‘‘United States Court of Federal Claims’’ for ‘‘United States Claims Court’’. 1990—Par. (1)(L). Pub. L. 101–508, § 7202(j)(1)(A)–(C), added subpar. (L). Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 101–508, § 7202(j)(1)(D), substituted ‘‘(besides any employee excluded by clause (x), but in- cluding any employee who has made an election under section 8347(p)(2) to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c))’’ for ‘‘(other than an employee described in clause (x)’’. Par. (1)(v). Pub. L. 101–474 amended cl. (v) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (v) read as follows: ‘‘a tem- porary employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts or of a court named by section 610 of title 28;’’. Par. (7). Pub. L. 101–508, § 7202(j)(1)(E), substituted ‘‘Gallaudet College, and, in the case of an employee de- scribed in paragraph (1)(L), a nonappropriated fund in- strumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c)’’ for ‘‘and Gal- laudet College’’. Par. (26). Pub. L. 101–650 added par. (26). 1988—Par. (1)(K). Pub. L. 100–679 added subpar. (K). Par. (1)(xii). Pub. L. 100–238, § 112, added cl. (xii). Par. (18). Pub. L. 100–238, § 123, inserted ‘‘but does not include any amount attributable to— ‘‘(i) the Federal Employees’ Retirement System; or ‘‘(ii) contributions made under the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of any individual who be- came subject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System;’’. 1987—Par. (22). Pub. L. 100–53, § 2(a)(1), amended par. (22) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (22) read as follows: ‘‘ ‘bankruptcy judge’ means an individual ap- pointed under section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 62) or under section 404(d) of the Act of Novem- ber 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549)— ‘‘(A) who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984; ‘‘(B) whose service as United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability; or ‘‘(C) who is appointed as a bankruptcy judge under section 152 of title 28;’’. Par. (25). Pub. L. 100–53, § 2(a)(2)–(4), added par. (25). 1986—Par. (1)(G). Pub. L. 99–335, § 207(f)(1), amended subpar. (G) generally, substituting ‘‘first employed’’ for ‘‘employed’’ and inserting ‘‘before October 1, 1987’’. Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 99–335, § 202(a)(1), amended cl. (ii) generally, inserting ‘‘(other than an employee de- scribed in clause (x)’’. Par. (1)(x). Pub. L. 99–335, § 202(a)(2)–(4), added cl. (x). Par. (1)(xi). Pub. L. 99–335, § 207(f)(2), added cl. (xi). Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–335, § 202(b), inserted ‘‘, but does not include any such Member of Congress who is sub- ject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System or who makes an election under section 8401(20) of this title not to be subject to such System’’. 1984—Par. (22). Pub. L. 98–353, § 116(a)(1), substituted ‘‘of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549)’’ for ‘‘adding this paragraph’’ in provision preceding sub- par. (A). Par. (22)(A). Pub. L. 98–531 substituted ‘‘who is serv- ing as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984;’’ for ‘‘who is serving as a United States bank- ruptcy judge on the date of enactment of the Bank- ruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bankruptcy judge after such date until either the date on which a successor for such judge is appointed, or October 1, 1986, whichever date is earlier;’’. Pub. L. 98–353, § 121(g), substituted ‘‘the day before the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984’’ for ‘‘June 27, 1984’’. Pub. L. 98–353, § 116(a)(2), substituted ‘‘who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on the date of en- actment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bank- ruptcy judge after such date until either the date on which a successor for such judge is appointed, or Octo- ber 1, 1986, whichever date is earlier;’’ for ‘‘who is serv- ing as a United States bankruptcy judge on June 27, 1984, and that has agreed by filing a notice of such agreement with the President, the Senate, and the Di- rector of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, to accept an appointment as a judge of a United States bankruptcy court established under section 201 of this Act but that is not appointed by the President as a judge of such court; or’’. Pub. L. 98–325 substituted ‘‘June 27, 1984’’ for ‘‘June 20, 1984’’. Pub. L. 98–299 substituted ‘‘June 20, 1984’’ for ‘‘May 25, 1984’’. Pub. L. 98–271 substituted ‘‘May 25, 1984’’ for ‘‘April 30, 1984’’. Pub. L. 98–249 substituted ‘‘April 30, 1984’’ for ‘‘March 31, 1984’’. Par. (22)(B). Pub. L. 98–531 substituted ‘‘whose service as United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability’’ for ‘‘whose service as a United States bankruptcy judge during the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and end- ing on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984 is ter- minated by reason of death or disability’’. Pub. L. 98–353, § 116(a)(3)(A), substituted ‘‘period be- ginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on the date of en- actment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984’’ for ‘‘transition period’’. Par. (22)(C). Pub. L. 98–353, § 116(a)(4), added subpar. (C). Pars. (23), (24). Pub. L. 98–615 added pars. (23) and (24). 1982—Par. (8)(B). Pub. L. 97–253, § 306(a), inserted ‘‘, including any amounts deposited under section 8334(j) of this title’’. 1980—Par. (6). Pub. L. 96–499 struck out par. (6) which defined ‘‘disabled’’ and ‘‘disability’’ as meaning totally disabled or total disability for useful and efficient serv- ice in the grade or class of position last occupied by the employee or Member because of disease or injury not due to vicious habits, intemperance, or wilful mis- conduct on his part within 5 years of becoming dis- abled. 1979—Par. (2). Pub. L. 96–54, § 2(a)(47)(A), struck out ‘‘and a Delegate to Congress,’’ after ‘‘title,’’. Par. (19)(C). Pub. L. 96–54, § 2(a)(47)(B), struck out ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘determined;’’. 1978—Pars. (1), (17), (20). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted ‘‘Office of Personnel Management’’ and ‘‘Office’’ for ‘‘Civil Service Commission’’ and ‘‘Commission’’, respec- tively, wherever appearing. Page 982 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 Par. (22). Pub. L. 95–598 added par. (22). 1975—Par. (4). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out provision re- lating to member’s option of having average pay com- puted from averaging rates of basic pay in effect over all periods of member’s service after August 2, 1946. 1974—Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–350, § 2(a), added subpar. (D) and inserted reference to subpar. (D) in closing provi- sions of par. (3). Pars. (20), (21). Pub. L. 93–350, § 2(b), added pars. (20) and (21). 1972—Par. (1)(J). Pub. L. 92–352 added par. (1)(J). 1969—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 91–93, § 201(a), reduced the number of years of creditable service from 5 to 3 con- secutive years and provided for averaging rate of basic pay over the total service in the case of an annuity under subsec. (d) or (e)(1) of section 8341 of this title based on service of less than three years. Pars. (17) to (19). Pub. L. 91–93, § 101, added pars. (17) to (19). 1968—Par. (3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 90–623 inserted reference to section 60e–14 of title 2. 1966—Par. (3). Pub. L. 89–737 added subpar. (C) and, in the exception set out in provisions following subpar. (C), substituted reference to subpars. (B) and (C) for ref- erence to subpar. (B). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Reference to Reserve Corps of the Public Health Serv- ice deemed to be a reference to the Ready Reserve Corps, see section 204(c)(3) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Words ‘‘magistrate judge’’ and ‘‘United States mag- istrate judge’’ substituted for ‘‘magistrate’’ and ‘‘United States magistrate’’, respectively, in par. (25) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judi- cial Procedure. Gallaudet College, referred to in par. (1)(H), redesig- nated Gallaudet University by section 101(a) of Pub. L. 99–371, which is classified to section 4301(a) of Title 20, Education. Commissioned Officer Corps of Environmental Science Services Administration, referred to in par. (13)(C), changed to Commissioned Officer Corps of Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, see 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, § 4(d), eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090, set out in the Appendix to this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–126, § 4, Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 177, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by section 2 [enact- ing sections 8345a and 8466a of this title and amending this section and sections 8345, 8401, and 8466 of this title]— ‘‘(1) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2020]; and ‘‘(2) apply on and after the effective date of the reg- ulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) [set out as a note under this section].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT; APPLICABILITY Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, § 1908(b), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3549, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), this sec- tion [amending this section], and the amendments made by this section, shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period commencing on or after the date of enactment of this section [Oct. 5, 2018]. ‘‘(2) RETROACTIVE APPLICATION.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any availability pay received for any pay period commencing before the date of enact- ment of this Act by a Federal air marshal or criminal investigator employed by the Transportation Secu- rity Administration shall be deemed basic pay under section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, if the Transportation Security Administration treated such pay as retirement-creditable basic pay, but the Office of Personnel Management, based on an interpretation of section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, did not accept such pay as retirement-creditable basic pay. ‘‘(B) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall com- mence taking such actions as are necessary to imple- ment the amendments made by this section with re- spect to availability pay deemed to be basic pay under subparagraph (A).’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2014 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 113–277 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2016, subject to certain exceptions, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, § 100121(d), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 914, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [enacting sections 8336a and 8412a of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on the effective date of the implementing regula- tions issued by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management [Nov. 6, 2014; see 79 F.R. 46608].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, § 1115(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 361, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8401 of this title] shall apply to— ‘‘(1) any annuity, eligibility for which is based upon a separation occurring before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008]; and ‘‘(2) any period of service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, occurring before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT; TRANSITION RULES Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual’s separa- tion from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to spe- cial rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective on first day of first applicable pay period which begins on or after Oct. 1, 1998, see section 101(h) [title VI, § 628(e)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title. Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, § 3154(m), (n), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256, provided that: ‘‘(m) APPLICABILITY.—Subsections (b) through (l) [amending this section and sections 8334 to 8336, 8401, 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8334, 8348, and 8422 of this title] shall apply only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this section), after the later of— Page 983 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 ‘‘(1) September 30, 1998; or ‘‘(2) the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998]. ‘‘(n) EFFECTIVE DATES.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 3307, 8334 to 8336, 8401, 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title] shall take effect at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after the later of— ‘‘(A) October 1, 1998; or ‘‘(B) the date of the enactment of this Act. ‘‘(2)(A) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 3307 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act. ‘‘(B) The amendments made by subsections (d) and (k) [amending sections 8335 and 8425 of this title] shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13812(c)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 671, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] take effect on January 1, 1994, and apply only with respect to service performed on or after such date.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1992 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Amendment by section 2(57)(A) of Pub. L. 102–378 ef- fective Nov. 5, 1990, and amendment by section 2(57)(B) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(a), (b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 306(f), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5112, as amended by Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516, provided that: ‘‘This section and the amendments made by this section [enacting section 8440b [now 8440c] of this title and section 178 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure and amend- ing this section, sections 8334, 8336, 8339, and 8402 of this title, and sections 376 and 604 of Title 28] shall apply to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 1, 1990].’’ Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with re- spect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund in- strumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from em- ployment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in non- appropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–53, § 3, June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 368, as amended by Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this sec- tion] shall take effect on October 1, 1987, and shall apply to bankruptcy judges and United States mag- istrate judges in office on that date and to individuals subsequently appointed to such positions to whom chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, otherwise ap- plies.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 8401 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–615 as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title. Pub. L. 98–531, § 3, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704, provided that: ‘‘(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act and the amendments made by this Act [renumbering a pro- vision set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy] shall take effect on July 10, 1984. ‘‘(b) The amendments made by section 2 [amending this section and sections 8336 and 8339 of this title] shall take effect on March 31, 1984.’’ Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Pub. L. 98–353, title I, § 116(e), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this sec- tion [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enact- ment [July 10, 1984] and shall apply to bankruptcy judges who retire on or after such date.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97–253, title III, § 306(g), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 797, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, § 3(e)(2), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, § 2205, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1059, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sec- tions 8332, 8334, and 8348 of this title] shall take effect October 1, 1982; except that any employee or Member who retired after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982] and before October 1, 1985, or is entitled to an annuity under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, based on a separation from service occurring dur- ing such period, or a survivor of such individual, may make a payment under section 8334(j)(1) of title 5, United States Code. Regulations required to be issued under section 8334(j)(1) of title 5, United States Code, shall be issued by the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after such effective date.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, § 403(c), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8337 of this title] shall take effect on the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effec- tive Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bank- ruptcy. Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 93–350 effective at beginning of first applicable pay period which begins Page 984 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 after Dec. 31, 1974, and amendment by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–350 effective July 12, 1974, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1972 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 92–352, title I, § 105(b), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 491, provided that: ‘‘Subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall become effective on the first day of the second month which begins after its en- actment [July 13, 1972].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1969 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–93, title II, § 207(a), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 140, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sections 201, 202, 203, and 206(a) of this Act [amending this sec- tion and sections 8333, 8334, 8339, and 8341 of this title] shall not apply in the case of persons retired or other- wise separated prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1969], and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such sections had not been en- acted.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1968 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1966 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 89–737 applicable with respect to premium pay payable from and after first day of first pay period which begins after Nov. 2, 1966, see sec- tion 4 of Pub. L. 89–737, set out in the note under sec- tion 8114 of this title. SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–358, § 1, Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3420, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 8345, 8437, and 8467 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8345 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Child Abuse Accountability Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–428, § 1(a), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 928, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 8335 to 8337, 8339, 8341, 8344, 8412, and 8425 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8335, 8339, and 8425 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Capitol Police Retirement Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–53, § 1, June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 367, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Magistrates’ Retirement Parity Act of 1987’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–638, § 2(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3535, pro- vided that: ‘‘This section [amending sections 2105 and 8332 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8332 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities Employees’ Retirement Credit Act of 1986’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–615, § 1, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting sections 3595a, 4302a and 5406–5410 of this title, amending this section and sec- tions 3135, 3393, 3395, 3593–3595, 4312, 4501, 5332, 5334–5336, 5361, 5362, 5383, 5384, 5401–5405, 5948, 7543, 8334, 8336, 8339, 8341, 8342, 8345, 8348, 8901–8903, 8905, 8907, 8909, and 8913 of this title, section 1602 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 731 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and enact- ing provisions set out as notes under sections 3131, 3135, 5401, and 8341 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Civil Service Retirement Spouse Equity Act of 1984’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1969 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–93, § 1, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 136, provided: ‘‘That this Act [amending this section and sections 1308, 8333, 8334, 8339, 8340, 8341, and 8348 of this title, en- acting provisions set out as notes under sections 8334, 8340, 8341, and 8348 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 8339 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969’.’’ REGULATIONS Pub. L. 116–126, § 3(b), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 177, pro- vided that: ‘‘Not later than 1 year after the date of en- actment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2020], the Office of Per- sonnel Management— ‘‘(1) shall promulgate regulations to carry out the amendments made by section 2 [enacting sections 8345a and 8466a of this title and amending this section and sections 8345, 8401, and 8466 of this title]; and ‘‘(2) may promulgate additional regulations relat- ing to the administration of the representative payee program.’’ SAVINGS PROVISION Pub. L. 92–352, title I, § 105(c), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 491, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by such subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply in the cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to the effective date established under subsection (b) of this section [see Effective Date of 1972 Amend- ment note above], and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted.’’ TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relat- ing thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Secu- rity, and the Department of Homeland Security Reor- ganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. RETIREMENT TREATMENT FOR CAPITOL POLICE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE TEAM MEMBERS Pub. L. 108–83, title I, § 1004, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1022, provided that: ‘‘(a) RETIREMENT TREATMENT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, United States Code, a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police shall be treated as a member of the Capitol Police. ‘‘(2) APPLICATION.—This subsection shall apply to periods of service performed as a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police on and after December 1, 2002. ‘‘(b) TREATMENT OF INCUMBENTS.— ‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the term— ‘‘(A) ‘incumbent’ means an individual who— ‘‘(i) is first appointed as a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police be- fore the effective date of this section; and ‘‘(ii) is employed as a hazardous materials re- sponse team member of the Capitol Police on that date; and ‘‘(B) ‘prior service’ means any period of service performed by an incumbent as a hazardous mate- rials response team member of the Capitol Police before the effective date of this section. ‘‘(2) INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An incumbent shall pay with respect to prior service an amount into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund equal to— ‘‘(i) the difference between the individual con- tributions that were actually made for such prior Page 985 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 service and the individual contributions that would have been made for such service if sub- section (a) had then been in effect; and ‘‘(ii) interest computed on the amount under clause (i) based on section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(B) EFFECT OF NOT CONTRIBUTING.—If no part of or less than the full amount required under sub- paragraph (A) is paid, all prior service of the incum- bent shall remain fully creditable as treated under subsection (a), but the resulting annuity shall be reduced in a manner similar to that described under section 8334(d)(2) of title 5, United States Code, to the extent necessary to make up the amount un- paid. ‘‘(3) GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTIONS FOR PRIOR SERV- ICE.—The Capitol Police shall pay with respect to prior service of each incumbent an amount into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund equal to— ‘‘(A) the difference between the Government con- tributions that were actually made for such prior service and the Government contributions that would have been made for such service if subsection (a) had then been in effect; and ‘‘(B) interest computed on the amount under sub- paragraph (A) based on section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period begin- ning on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2003].’’ SUPREME COURT POLICE RETIREMENT Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(2) [title III, § 308], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–86, provided that: ‘‘(a) SUPREME COURT POLICE RETIREMENT.— ‘‘(1) SERVICE DEEMED TO BE SERVICE AS LAW EN- FORCEMENT OFFICER.—Any period of service performed before the effective date of this section by an indi- vidual as a member of the Supreme Court Police, who is such a member on such date, shall be deemed to be service performed as a law enforcement officer for purposes of chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, United States Code. Notwithstanding any amendment made by this section, any period of service performed before the ef- fective date of this section by an individual as a member of the Supreme Court Police, who is not such a member on such date, shall be employee service for purposes of chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(2) CONTRIBUTIONS.—The Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States shall pay an amount de- termined by the Office of Personnel Management equal to— ‘‘(A)(i) the difference between— ‘‘(I) the amount that was deducted and withheld from basic pay under chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, United States Code, for the period of service de- scribed in the first sentence of paragraph (1); and ‘‘(II) the amount that should have been de- ducted and withheld for such period of service, if it had instead been performed as a law enforce- ment officer; and ‘‘(ii) interest as prescribed under section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, based on the amount de- termined under clause (i); and ‘‘(B) with respect to the period of service de- scribed in subparagraph (A), the difference between the Government contributions that were in fact made to the Civil Service Retirement and Dis- ability Fund for such service, and the amount that would have been required if such service had in- stead been performed as a law enforcement officer, subject to subsection (f). ‘‘(3) DEPOSIT OF PAYMENTS.—Payments under para- graph (2) shall be paid from the salaries and expenses account from appropriations to the Supreme Court of the United States, including any prior year unobli- gated balances, and deposited in the Civil Service Re- tirement and Disability Fund. ‘‘(b) AMENDMENTS TO CHAPTER 83.—[Amended sections 8334 to 8336 and 8339 of this title.] ‘‘(c) AMENDMENTS TO CHAPTER 84.—[Amended sections 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title.] ‘‘(d) PAYMENTS FOR OTHER LIABILITY.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States shall pay into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund an amount determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be necessary to reimburse the Fund for any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Fund resulting from the amendments related to the Civil Service Retirement System under this section, and for any estimated increase in the supple- mental liability of the Fund resulting from the amendments related to the Federal Employees’ Re- tirement System under this section. ‘‘(2) INSTALLMENTS.—The amount determined under paragraph (1) shall be paid in 5 equal annual install- ments with interest computed at the rates used in the most recent valuation of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System. ‘‘(3) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—Payments under this sub- section shall be made from amounts available from the salaries and expenses account from appropria- tions to the Supreme Court of the United States, in- cluding any prior year unobligated balances. ‘‘(e) NO MANDATORY SEPARATION FOR A 2-YEAR PE- RIOD.—Nothing in section 8335(e) or 8425(d) of title 5, United States Code, as added by this section, shall re- quire the automatic separation of any member of the Supreme Court Police before the end of the 2-year pe- riod beginning on the effective date of this section. ‘‘(f) NONREDUCTION IN GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTIONS.— Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, Government contributions to the Civil Service Retire- ment and Disability Fund on behalf of a member of the Supreme Court Police shall, with respect to any service performed during the period beginning on January 1, 1999, and ending on December 31, 2002, while subject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System, be deter- mined in the same way as if this section had never been enacted. ‘‘(g) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this section or in any amendment made by this section shall, with re- spect to any service performed before the effective date of such amendment, have the effect of reducing the per- centage applicable in computing any portion of an an- nuity based on service as a member of the Supreme Court Police below the percentage which would other- wise apply if this section had not been enacted. ‘‘(h) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— [Amended sections 8337, 8339, 8341, 8343a, and 8344 of this title.] ‘‘(i) APPLICABILITY.—This section and the amend- ments made by this section shall apply only to an indi- vidual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after the later of October 1, 2000, or the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000]. ‘‘(j) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, this section and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on the later of October 1, 2000, or the date of enactment of this Act.’’ FEDERAL RETIREMENT COVERAGE ERRORS CORRECTION Pub. L. 106–265, title II, Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 770, provided that: ‘‘SEC. 2001. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. ‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This title may be cited as the ‘Federal Erroneous Retirement Coverage Corrections Act’. ‘‘(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—[Omitted.] ‘‘SEC. 2002. DEFINITIONS. ‘‘For purposes of this title: ‘‘(1) ANNUITANT.—The term ‘annuitant’ has the meaning given such term under section 8331(9) or 8401(2) of title 5, United States Code. Page 986 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 ‘‘(2) CSRS.—The term ‘CSRS’ means the Civil Serv- ice Retirement System. ‘‘(3) CSRDF.—The term ‘CSRDF’ means the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. ‘‘(4) CSRS COVERED.—The term ‘CSRS covered’, with respect to any service, means service that is subject to the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, other than service subject to section 8334(k) of such title. ‘‘(5) CSRS-OFFSET COVERED.—The term ‘CSRS-Off- set covered’, with respect to any service, means serv- ice that is subject to the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and to section 8334(k) of such title. ‘‘(6) EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘employee’ has the meaning given such term under section 8331(1) or 8401(11) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(7) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Executive Di- rector of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board’ or ‘Executive Director’ means the Executive Director appointed under section 8474 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(8) FERS.—The term ‘FERS’ means the Federal Employees’ Retirement System. ‘‘(9) FERS COVERED.—The term ‘FERS covered’, with respect to any service, means service that is subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(10) FORMER EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘former em- ployee’ means an individual who was an employee, but who is not an annuitant. ‘‘(11) OASDI TAXES.—The term ‘OASDI taxes’ means the OASDI employee tax and the OASDI employer tax. ‘‘(12) OASDI EMPLOYEE TAX.—The term ‘OASDI em- ployee tax’ means the tax imposed under section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3101(a)] (relating to Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance). ‘‘(13) OASDI EMPLOYER TAX.—The term ‘OASDI em- ployer tax’ means the tax imposed under section 3111(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3111(a)] (relating to Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance). ‘‘(14) OASDI TRUST FUNDS.—The term ‘OASDI trust funds’ means the Federal Old-Age and Survivors In- surance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insur- ance Trust Fund. ‘‘(15) OFFICE.—The term ‘Office’ means the Office of Personnel Management. ‘‘(16) RETIREMENT COVERAGE DETERMINATION.—The term ‘retirement coverage determination’ means a determination by an employee or agent of the Gov- ernment as to whether a particular type of Govern- ment service is CSRS covered, CSRS-Offset covered, FERS covered, or Social Security-Only covered. ‘‘(17) RETIREMENT COVERAGE ERROR.—The term ‘re- tirement coverage error’ means an erroneous retire- ment coverage determination that was in effect for a minimum period of 3 years of service after December 31, 1986. ‘‘(18) SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED.—The term ‘Social Security-Only covered’, with respect to any service, means Government service that— ‘‘(A) constitutes employment under section 210 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 410); and ‘‘(B)(i) is subject to OASDI taxes; but ‘‘(ii) is not subject to CSRS or FERS. ‘‘(19) SURVIVOR.—The term ‘survivor’ has the mean- ing given such term under section 8331(10) or 8401(28) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(20) THRIFT SAVINGS FUND.—The term ‘Thrift Sav- ings Fund’ means the Thrift Savings Fund estab- lished under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘SEC. 2003. APPLICABILITY. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—This title shall apply with respect to retirement coverage errors that occur before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000]. ‘‘(b) LIMITATION.—Except as otherwise provided in this title, this title shall not apply to any erroneous re- tirement coverage determination that was in effect for a period of less than 3 years of service after December 31, 1986. ‘‘SEC. 2004. IRREVOCABILITY OF ELECTIONS. ‘‘Any election made (or deemed to have been made) by an employee or any other individual under this title shall be irrevocable. ‘‘SUBTITLE A—DESCRIPTION OF RETIREMENT COVERAGE ERRORS TO WHICH THIS TITLE APPLIES AND MEAS- URES FOR THEIR RECTIFICATION ‘‘CHAPTER 1—EMPLOYEES AND ANNUITANTS WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN FERS COVERED, BUT WHO WERE ERRO- NEOUSLY CSRS COVERED OR CSRS-OFFSET COVERED IN- STEAD, AND SURVIVORS OF SUCH EMPLOYEES AND AN- NUITANTS ‘‘SEC. 2101. EMPLOYEES. ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section shall apply in the case of any employee or former employee who should be (or should have been) FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) CSRS cov- ered or CSRS-Offset covered instead. ‘‘(b) UNCORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error has not been corrected be- fore the effective date of the regulations described under paragraph (3). As soon as practicable after dis- covery of the error, and subject to the right of an election under paragraph (2), if CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered, such individual shall be treated as CSRS-Offset covered, retroactive to the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(2) COVERAGE.— ‘‘(A) ELECTION.—Upon written notice of a retire- ment coverage error, an individual may elect to be CSRS-Offset covered or FERS covered, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. Such election shall be made not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of such notice. ‘‘(B) NONELECTION.—If the individual does not make an election by the date provided under sub- paragraph (A), a CSRS-Offset covered individual shall remain CSRS-Offset covered and a CSRS cov- ered individual shall be treated as CSRS-Offset cov- ered. ‘‘(3) REGULATIONS.—The Office shall prescribe regu- lations to carry out this subsection. ‘‘(c) CORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error was corrected before the effective date of the regulations described under sub- section (b). ‘‘(2) COVERAGE.— ‘‘(A) ELECTION.— ‘‘(i) CSRS-OFFSET COVERED.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000], the Office shall prescribe regula- tions authorizing individuals to elect, during the 18-month period immediately following the effec- tive date of such regulations, to be CSRS-Offset covered, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(ii) THRIFT SAVINGS FUND CONTRIBUTIONS.—If under this section an individual elects to be CSRS-Offset covered, all employee contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund made during the pe- riod of FERS coverage (and earnings on such con- tributions) may remain in the Thrift Savings Fund in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director, notwithstanding any limit under title 5, United States Code, that would otherwise be applicable. ‘‘(B) PREVIOUS SETTLEMENT PAYMENT.—An indi- vidual who previously received a payment ordered by a court or provided as a settlement of claim for losses resulting from a retirement coverage error Page 987 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 shall not be entitled to make an election under this subsection unless that amount is waived in whole or in part under section 2208, and any amount not waived is repaid. ‘‘(C) INELIGIBILITY FOR ELECTION.—An individual who, subsequent to correction of the retirement coverage error, received a refund of retirement de- ductions under section 8424 of title 5, United States Code, or a distribution under section 8433(b), (c), or (h)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, may not make an election under this subsection. ‘‘(3) CORRECTIVE ACTION TO REMAIN IN EFFECT.—If an individual is ineligible to make an election or does not make an election under paragraph (2) before the end of any time limitation under this subsection, the corrective action taken before such time limitation shall remain in effect. ‘‘SEC. 2102. ANNUITANTS AND SURVIVORS. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—This section shall apply in the case of an individual who is— ‘‘(1) an annuitant who should have been FERS cov- ered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, was CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered instead; or ‘‘(2) a survivor of an employee who should have been FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, was CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered instead. ‘‘(b) COVERAGE.— ‘‘(1) ELECTION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000], the Office shall prescribe regulations authorizing an indi- vidual described under subsection (a) to elect CSRS- Offset coverage or FERS coverage, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(2) TIME LIMITATION.—An election under this sub- section shall be made not later than 18 months after the effective date of the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1). ‘‘(3) REDUCED ANNUITY.— ‘‘(A) AMOUNT IN ACCOUNT.—If the individual elects CSRS-Offset coverage, the amount in the employ- ee’s Thrift Savings Fund account under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, on the date of retirement that represents the Govern- ment’s contributions and earnings on those con- tributions (whether or not such amount was subse- quently distributed from the Thrift Savings Fund) will form the basis for a reduction in the individ- ual’s annuity, under regulations prescribed by the Office. ‘‘(B) REDUCTION.—The reduced annuity to which the individual is entitled shall be equal to an amount which, when taken together with the amount referred to in subparagraph (A), would re- sult in the present value of the total being actuari- ally equivalent to the present value of an unre- duced CSRS-Offset annuity that would have been provided the individual. ‘‘(4) REDUCED BENEFIT.—If— ‘‘(A) a surviving spouse elects CSRS-Offset bene- fits; and ‘‘(B) a FERS basic employee death benefit under section 8442(b) of title 5, United States Code, was previously paid, then the survivor’s CSRS-Offset benefit shall be sub- ject to a reduction, under regulations prescribed by the Office. The reduced annuity to which the indi- vidual is entitled shall be equal to an amount which, when taken together with the amount of the payment referred to under subparagraph (B) would result in the present value of the total being actuarially equiv- alent to the present value of an unreduced CSRS-Off- set annuity that would have been provided the indi- vidual. ‘‘(5) PREVIOUS SETTLEMENT PAYMENT.—An individual who previously received a payment ordered by a court or provided as a settlement of claim for losses resulting from a retirement coverage error may not make an election under this subsection unless repay- ment of that amount is waived in whole or in part under section 2208, and any amount not waived is re- paid. ‘‘(c) NONELECTION.—If the individual does not make an election under subsection (b) before any time limita- tion under this section, the retirement coverage shall be subject to the following rules: ‘‘(1) CORRECTIVE ACTION PREVIOUSLY TAKEN.—If cor- rective action was taken before the end of any time limitation under this section, that corrective action shall remain in effect. ‘‘(2) CORRECTIVE ACTION NOT PREVIOUSLY TAKEN.—If corrective action was not taken before such time lim- itation, the employee shall be CSRS-Offset covered, retroactive to the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘CHAPTER 2—EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN FERS COVERED, CSRS-OFFSET COVERED, OR CSRS COVERED, BUT WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED INSTEAD ‘‘SEC. 2111. APPLICABILITY. ‘‘This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who— ‘‘(1) should be (or should have been) FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered instead; ‘‘(2) should be (or should have been) CSRS-Offset covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered in- stead; or ‘‘(3) should be (or should have been) CSRS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered instead. ‘‘SEC. 2112. CORRECTION MANDATORY. ‘‘(a) UNCORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement cov- erage error has not been corrected, as soon as prac- ticable after discovery of the error, such individual shall be covered under the correct retirement coverage, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(b) CORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement coverage error has been corrected, the corrective action pre- viously taken shall remain in effect. ‘‘CHAPTER 3—EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD OR COULD HAVE BEEN SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED BUT WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY CSRS-OFFSET COVERED OR CSRS COV- ERED INSTEAD ‘‘SEC. 2121. EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD BE SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED, BUT WHO IS ERRO- NEOUSLY CSRS OR CSRS-OFFSET COVERED IN- STEAD. ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies in the case of a retirement coverage error in which a Social Secu- rity-Only covered employee was erroneously CSRS cov- ered or CSRS-Offset covered. ‘‘(b) UNCORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error has not been corrected be- fore the effective date of the regulations described in paragraph (3). ‘‘(2) COVERAGE.—In the case of an individual who is erroneously CSRS covered, as soon as practicable after discovery of the error, and subject to the right of an election under paragraph (3), such individual shall be CSRS-Offset covered, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(3) ELECTION.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon written notice of a re- tirement coverage error, an individual may elect to be CSRS-Offset covered or Social Security-Only covered, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. Such election shall be made not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of such notice. ‘‘(B) NONELECTION.—If the individual does not make an election before the date provided under Page 988 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 subparagraph (A), the individual shall remain CSRS-Offset covered. ‘‘(C) REGULATIONS.—The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph. ‘‘(c) CORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error was corrected before the effective date of the regulations described under sub- section (b)(3). ‘‘(2) ELECTION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000], the Office shall prescribe regulations authorizing individ- uals to elect, during the 18-month period imme- diately following the effective date of such regula- tions, to be CSRS-Offset covered or Social Security- Only covered, effective as of the date of the retire- ment coverage error. ‘‘(3) NONELECTION.—If an eligible individual does not make an election under paragraph (2) before the end of any time limitation under this subsection, the corrective action taken before such time limitation shall remain in effect. ‘‘CHAPTER 4—EMPLOYEE WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY FERS COVERED ‘‘SEC. 2131. EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD BE SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED, CSRS COVERED, OR CSRS-OFFSET COVERED AND IS NOT FERS-ELI- GIBLE, BUT WHO IS ERRONEOUSLY FERS COV- ERED INSTEAD. ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies in the case of a retirement coverage error in which a Social Secu- rity-Only covered, CSRS covered, or CSRS-Offset cov- ered employee not eligible to elect FERS coverage under authority of section 8402(c) of title 5, United States Code, was erroneously FERS covered. ‘‘(b) UNCORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error has not been corrected be- fore the effective date of the regulations described in paragraph (2). ‘‘(2) COVERAGE.— ‘‘(A) ELECTION.— ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Upon written notice of a re- tirement coverage error, an individual may elect to remain FERS covered or to be Social Security- Only covered, CSRS covered, or CSRS-Offset cov- ered, as would have applied in the absence of the erroneous retirement coverage determination, ef- fective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. Such election shall be made not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of such notice. ‘‘(ii) TREATMENT OF FERS ELECTION.—An election of FERS coverage under this subsection is deemed to be an election under section 301 of the Federal Employees Retirement System Act of 1986 (5 U.S.C. 8331 note; Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 599). ‘‘(B) NONELECTION.—If the individual does not make an election before the date provided under subparagraph (A), the individual shall remain FERS covered, effective as of the date of the retire- ment coverage error. ‘‘(3) EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THRIFT SAVINGS FUND.—If under this section, an individual elects to be Social Security-Only covered, CSRS covered, or CSRS-Offset covered, all employee contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund made during the period of er- roneous FERS coverage (and all earnings on such contributions) may remain in the Thrift Savings Fund in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director, notwithstanding any limit under section 8351 or 8432 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(4) REGULATIONS.—Except as provided under para- graph (3), the Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection. ‘‘(c) CORRECTED ERROR.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies if the retirement coverage error was corrected before the effective date of the regulations described under paragraph (2). ‘‘(2) ELECTION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000], the Office shall prescribe regulations authorizing individ- uals to elect, during the 18-month period imme- diately following the effective date of such regula- tions to remain Social Security-Only covered, CSRS covered, or CSRS-Offset covered, or to be FERS cov- ered, effective as of the date of the retirement cov- erage error. ‘‘(3) NONELECTION.—If an eligible individual does not make an election under paragraph (2), the correc- tive action taken before the end of any time limita- tion under this subsection shall remain in effect. ‘‘(4) TREATMENT OF FERS ELECTION.—An election of FERS coverage under this subsection is deemed to be an election under section 301 of the Federal Employ- ees Retirement System Act of 1986 (5 U.S.C. 8331 note; Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 599). ‘‘SEC. 2132. FERS-ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN CSRS COVERED, CSRS- OFFSET COVERED, OR SOCIAL SECURITY-ONLY COVERED, BUT WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY FERS COVERED INSTEAD WITHOUT AN ELECTION. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— ‘‘(1) FERS ELECTION PREVENTED.—If an individual was prevented from electing FERS coverage because the individual was erroneously FERS covered during the period when the individual was eligible to elect FERS under title III of the Federal Employees Re- tirement System Act [Pub. L. 99–335] or the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Open Enrollment Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–61; 111 Stat. 1318 et seq.) [5 U.S.C. 8331 notes], the individual— ‘‘(A) is deemed to have elected FERS coverage; and ‘‘(B) shall remain covered by FERS, unless the in- dividual declines, under regulations prescribed by the Office, to be FERS covered. ‘‘(2) DECLINING FERS COVERAGE.—If an individual de- scribed under paragraph (1)(B) declines to be FERS covered, such individual shall be CSRS covered, CSRS-Offset covered, or Social Security-Only cov- ered, as would apply in the absence of a FERS elec- tion, effective as of the date of the erroneous retire- ment coverage determination. ‘‘(b) EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THRIFT SAVINGS FUND.—If under this section, an individual declines to be FERS covered and instead is Social Security-Only covered, CSRS covered, or CSRS-Offset covered, as would apply in the absence of a FERS election, all em- ployee contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund made during the period of erroneous FERS coverage (and all earnings on such contributions) may remain in the Thrift Savings Fund in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director, notwithstanding any limit under title 5, United States Code, that would otherwise be applicable. ‘‘(c) INAPPLICABILITY OF DURATION OF ERRONEOUS COV- ERAGE.—This section shall apply regardless of the length of time the erroneous coverage determination remained in effect. ‘‘SEC. 2133. RETROACTIVE EFFECT. ‘‘This chapter shall be effective as of January 1, 1987, except that section 2132 shall not apply to individuals who made or were deemed to have made elections simi- lar to those provided in this section under regulations prescribed by the Office before the effective date of this title. ‘‘CHAPTER 5—EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN CSRS- OFFSET COVERED, BUT WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY CSRS COVERED INSTEAD ‘‘SEC. 2141. APPLICABILITY. ‘‘This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who should be (or should have been) CSRS-Offset cov- ered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) CSRS covered instead. Page 989 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 ‘‘SEC. 2142. CORRECTION MANDATORY. ‘‘(a) UNCORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement cov- erage error has not been corrected, as soon as prac- ticable after discovery of the error, such individual shall be covered under the correct retirement coverage, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(b) CORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement coverage error has been corrected before the effective date of this title, the corrective action taken before such date shall remain in effect. ‘‘CHAPTER 6—EMPLOYEE WHO SHOULD HAVE BEEN CSRS COVERED, BUT WHO WAS ERRONEOUSLY CSRS-OFFSET COVERED INSTEAD ‘‘SEC. 2151. APPLICABILITY. ‘‘This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who should be (or should have been) CSRS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) CSRS-Offset covered instead. ‘‘SEC. 2152. CORRECTION MANDATORY. ‘‘(a) UNCORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement cov- erage error has not been corrected, as soon as prac- ticable after discovery of the error, such individual shall be covered under the correct retirement coverage, effective as of the date of the retirement coverage error. ‘‘(b) CORRECTED ERROR.—If the retirement coverage error has been corrected before the effective date of this title, the corrective action taken before such date shall remain in effect. ‘‘SUBTITLE B—GENERAL PROVISIONS ‘‘SEC. 2201. IDENTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS. ‘‘Government agencies shall take all such measures as may be reasonable and appropriate to promptly iden- tify and notify individuals who are (or have been) af- fected by a retirement coverage error of their rights under this title. ‘‘SEC. 2202. INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED TO AND BY AUTHORITIES ADMINISTERING THIS TITLE. ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—The authorities identified in this subsection are— ‘‘(1) the Director of the Office of Personnel Manage- ment; ‘‘(2) the Commissioner of Social Security; and ‘‘(3) the Executive Director of the Federal Retire- ment Thrift Investment Board. ‘‘(b) AUTHORITY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION.—Each au- thority identified in subsection (a) may secure directly from any department or agency of the United States in- formation necessary to enable such authority to carry out its responsibilities under this title. Upon request of the authority involved, the head of the department or agency involved shall furnish that information to the requesting authority. ‘‘(c) AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION.—Each au- thority identified in subsection (a) may provide di- rectly to any department or agency of the United States all information such authority believes nec- essary to enable the department or agency to carry out its responsibilities under this title. ‘‘(d) LIMITATION; SAFEGUARDS.—Each of the respective authorities under subsection (a) shall— ‘‘(1) request or provide only such information as that authority considers necessary; and ‘‘(2) establish, by regulation or otherwise, appro- priate safeguards to ensure that any information ob- tained under this section shall be used only for the purpose authorized. ‘‘SEC. 2203. SERVICE CREDIT DEPOSITS. ‘‘(a) CSRS DEPOSIT.—In the case of a retirement cov- erage error in which— ‘‘(1) a FERS covered employee was erroneously CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered; ‘‘(2) the employee made a service credit deposit under the CSRS rules; and ‘‘(3) there is a subsequent retroactive change to FERS coverage, the excess of the amount of the CSRS civilian or mili- tary service credit deposit over the FERS civilian or military service credit deposit, together with interest computed in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, and regu- lations prescribed by the Office, shall be paid to the employee, the annuitant or, in the case of a deceased employee, to the individual entitled to lump-sum bene- fits under section 8424(d) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(b) FERS DEPOSIT.— ‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection applies in the case of an erroneous retirement coverage determina- tion in which— ‘‘(A) the employee owed a service credit deposit under section 8411(f) of title 5, United States Code; and ‘‘(B)(i) there is a subsequent retroactive change to CSRS or CSRS-Offset coverage; or ‘‘(ii) the service becomes creditable under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(2) REDUCED ANNUITY.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If at the time of commence- ment of an annuity there is remaining unpaid CSRS civilian or military service credit deposit for serv- ice described under paragraph (1), the annuity shall be reduced based upon the amount unpaid together with interest computed in accordance with section 8334(e)(2) and (3) of title 5, United States Code, and regulations prescribed by the Office. ‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—The reduced annuity to which the individual is entitled shall be equal to an amount that, when taken together with the amount re- ferred to under subparagraph (A), would result in the present value of the total being actuarially equivalent to the present value of the unreduced annuity benefit that would have been provided the individual. ‘‘(3) SURVIVOR ANNUITY.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If at the time of commence- ment of a survivor annuity, there is remaining un- paid any CSRS service credit deposit described under paragraph (1), and there has been no actu- arial reduction in an annuity under paragraph (2), the survivor annuity shall be reduced based upon the amount unpaid together with interest com- puted in accordance with section 8334(e)(2) and (3) of title 5, United States Code, and regulations pre- scribed by the Office. ‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—The reduced survivor annuity to which the individual is entitled shall be equal to an amount that, when taken together with the amount referred to under subparagraph (A), would result in the present value of the total being actuarially equivalent to the present value of an unreduced survivor annuity benefit that would have been pro- vided the individual. ‘‘SEC. 2204. PROVISIONS RELATED TO SOCIAL SE- CURITY COVERAGE OF MISCLASSIFIED EM- PLOYEES. ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the term— ‘‘(1) ‘covered individual’ means any employee, former employee, or annuitant who— ‘‘(A) is or was employed erroneously subject to CSRS coverage as a result of a retirement coverage error; and ‘‘(B) is or was retroactively converted to CSRS- offset coverage, FERS coverage, or Social Security- Only coverage; and ‘‘(2) ‘excess CSRS deduction amount’ means an amount equal to the difference between the CSRS de- ductions withheld and the CSRS-Offset or FERS de- ductions, if any, due with respect to a covered indi- vidual during the entire period the individual was er- roneously subject to CSRS coverage as a result of a retirement coverage error. Page 990 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 ‘‘(b) REPORTS TO COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to carry out the Com- missioner of Social Security’s responsibilities under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], the Commissioner may request the head of each agency that employs or employed a covered indi- vidual to report (in coordination with the Office of Personnel Management) in such form and within such timeframe as the Commissioner may specify, any or all of— ‘‘(A) the total wages (as defined in section 3121(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3121(a)]) paid to such individual during each year of the entire period of the erroneous CSRS coverage; and ‘‘(B) such additional information as the Commis- sioner may require for the purpose of carrying out the Commissioner’s responsibilities under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). ‘‘(2) COMPLIANCE.—The head of an agency or the Of- fice shall comply with a request from the Commis- sioner under paragraph (1). ‘‘(3) WAGES.—For purposes of section 201 of the So- cial Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401), wages reported under this subsection shall be deemed to be wages re- ported to the Secretary of the Treasury or the Sec- retary’s delegates pursuant to subtitle F of the Inter- nal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6001 et seq.]. ‘‘(c) PAYMENT RELATING TO OASDI EMPLOYEE TAXES.—The Office shall transfer from the Civil Serv- ice Retirement and Disability Fund to the General Fund of the Treasury an amount equal to the lesser of the excess CSRS deduction amount or the OASDI taxes due for covered individuals (as adjusted by amounts transferred relating to applicable OASDI employee taxes as a result of corrections made, including correc- tions made before the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000]). If the excess CSRS deductions exceed the OASDI taxes, any difference shall be paid to the covered individual or survivors, as appropriate. ‘‘(d) PAYMENT OF OASDI EMPLOYER TAXES.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each employing agency shall pay an amount equal to the OASDI employer taxes owed with respect to covered individuals during the appli- cable period of erroneous coverage (as adjusted by amounts transferred for the payment of such taxes as a result of corrections made, including corrections made before the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000]). ‘‘(2) PAYMENT.—Amounts paid under this subsection shall be determined subject to any limitation under section 6501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6501]. ‘‘SEC. 2205. THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN TREATMENT FOR CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS. ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies to an indi- vidual who— ‘‘(1) is eligible to make an election of coverage under section 2101 or 2102, and only if FERS coverage is elected (or remains in effect) for the employee in- volved; or ‘‘(2) is described in section 2111, and makes or has made retroactive employee contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under regulations prescribed by the Executive Director. ‘‘(b) PAYMENT INTO THRIFT SAVINGS FUND.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— ‘‘(A) PAYMENT.—With respect to an individual to whom this section applies, the employing agency shall pay to the Thrift Savings Fund under sub- chapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, for credit to the account of the employee in- volved, an amount equal to the earnings which are disallowed under section 8432a(a)(2) of such title on the employee’s retroactive contributions to such Fund. ‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—Earnings under subparagraph (A) shall be computed in accordance with the proce- dures for computing lost earnings under section 8432a of title 5, United States Code. The amount paid by the employing agency shall be treated for all purposes as if that amount had actually been earned on the basis of the employee’s contributions. ‘‘(C) EXCEPTIONS.—If an individual made retro- active contributions before the effective date of the regulations under section 2101(c), the Director may provide for an alternative calculation of lost earn- ings to the extent that a calculation under subpara- graph (B) is not administratively feasible. The al- ternative calculation shall yield an amount that is as close as practicable to the amount computed under subparagraph (B), taking into account earn- ings previously paid. ‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTION.—In cases in which the retirement coverage error was corrected before the effective date of the regulations under sec- tion 2101(c), the employee involved shall have an ad- ditional opportunity to make retroactive contribu- tions for the period of the retirement coverage error (subject to applicable limits), and such contributions (including any contributions made after the date of the correction) shall be treated in accordance with paragraph (1). ‘‘(c) REGULATIONS.— ‘‘(1) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.—The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations appropriate to carry out this section relating to retroactive employee con- tributions and payments made on or after the effec- tive date of the regulations under section 2101(c). ‘‘(2) OFFICE.—The Office, in consultation with the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, shall prescribe regulations appropriate to carry out this section relating to the calculation of lost earnings on retroactive employee contributions made before the effective date of the regulations under section 2101(c). ‘‘SEC. 2206. CERTAIN AGENCY AMOUNTS TO BE PAID INTO OR REMAIN IN THE CSRDF. ‘‘(a) CERTAIN EXCESS AGENCY CONTRIBUTIONS TO RE- MAIN IN THE CSRDF.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any amount described under paragraph (2) shall— ‘‘(A) remain in the CSRDF; and ‘‘(B) may not be paid or credited to an agency. ‘‘(2) AMOUNTS.—Paragraph (1) refers to any amount of contributions made by an agency under section 8423 of title 5, United States Code, on behalf of any employee, former employee, or annuitant (or survivor of such employee, former employee, or annuitant) who makes an election to correct a retirement cov- erage error under this title, that the Office deter- mines to be excess as a result of such election. ‘‘(b) ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT DEDUCTIONS TO BE PAID BY AGENCY.—If a correction in a retirement coverage error results in an increase in employee de- ductions under section 8334 or 8422 of title 5, United States Code, that cannot be fully paid by a reallocation of otherwise available amounts previously deducted from the employee’s pay as employment taxes or re- tirement deductions, the employing agency— ‘‘(1) shall pay the required additional amount into the CSRDF; and ‘‘(2) shall not seek repayment of that amount from the employee, former employee, annuitant, or sur- vivor. ‘‘SEC. 2207. CSRS COVERAGE DETERMINATIONS TO BE APPROVED BY OPM. ‘‘No agency shall place an individual under CSRS coverage unless— ‘‘(1) the individual has been employed with CSRS coverage within the preceding 365 days; or ‘‘(2) the Office has agreed in writing that the agen- cy’s coverage determination is correct. ‘‘SEC. 2208. DISCRETIONARY ACTIONS BY DIREC- TOR. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Per- sonnel Management may— ‘‘(1) extend the deadlines for making elections under this title in circumstances involving an indi- Page 991 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 vidual’s inability to make a timely election due to a cause beyond the individual’s control; ‘‘(2) provide for the reimbursement of necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by an individual with respect to settlement of a claim for losses resulting from a retirement coverage error, including attor- ney’s fees, court costs, and other actual expenses; ‘‘(3) compensate an individual for monetary losses that are a direct and proximate result of a retirement coverage error, excluding claimed losses relating to forgone contributions and earnings under the Thrift Savings Plan under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and all other investment opportunities; and ‘‘(4) waive payments required due to correction of a retirement coverage error under this title. ‘‘(b) SIMILAR ACTIONS.—In exercising the authority under this section, the Director shall, to the extent practicable, provide for similar actions in situations in- volving similar circumstances. ‘‘(c) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Actions taken under this sec- tion are final and conclusive, and are not subject to ad- ministrative or judicial review. ‘‘(d) REGULATIONS.—The Office of Personnel Manage- ment shall prescribe regulations regarding the process and criteria used in exercising the authority under this section. ‘‘(e) REPORT.—The Office of Personnel Management shall, not later than 180 days after the date of the en- actment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000], and annually there- after for each year in which the authority provided in this section is used, submit a report to each House of Congress on the operation of this section. ‘‘SEC. 2209. REGULATIONS. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the regulations spe- cifically authorized in this title, the Office may pre- scribe such other regulations as are necessary for the administration of this title. ‘‘(b) FORMER SPOUSE.—The regulations prescribed under this title shall provide for protection of the rights of a former spouse with entitlement to an appor- tionment of benefits or to survivor benefits based on the service of the employee. ‘‘SUBTITLE C—OTHER PROVISIONS ‘‘SEC. 2301. PROVISIONS TO AUTHORIZE CONTIN- UED CONFORMITY OF OTHER FEDERAL RE- TIREMENT SYSTEMS. ‘‘(a) FOREIGN SERVICE.—Sections 827 and 851 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4067 and 4071) shall apply with respect to this title in the same man- ner as if this title were part of— ‘‘(1) the Civil Service Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Civil Service Retire- ment System; and ‘‘(2) the Federal Employees’ Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement System. ‘‘(b) CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.—Sections 292 and 301 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2141 and 2151) shall apply with respect to this title in the same manner as if this title were part of— ‘‘(1) the Civil Service Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Civil Service Retire- ment System; and ‘‘(2) the Federal Employees’ Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement System. ‘‘SEC. 2302. AUTHORIZATION OF PAYMENTS. ‘‘All payments authorized or required by this title to be paid from the Civil Service Retirement and Dis- ability Fund, together with administrative expenses in- curred by the Office in administering this title, shall be deemed to have been authorized to be paid from that Fund, which is appropriated for the payment thereof. ‘‘SEC. 2303. INDIVIDUAL RIGHT OF ACTION PRE- SERVED FOR AMOUNTS NOT OTHERWISE PRO- VIDED FOR UNDER THIS TITLE. ‘‘Nothing in this title shall preclude an individual from bringing a claim against the Government of the United States which such individual may have under section 1346(b) or chapter 171 of title 28, United States Code, or any other provision of law (except to the ex- tent the claim is for any amounts otherwise provided for under this title). ‘‘SUBTITLE D—EFFECTIVE DATE ‘‘SEC. 2401. EFFECTIVE DATE. ‘‘Except as otherwise provided in this title, this title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000].’’ FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM OPEN ENROLLMENT ACT OF 1997 Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, § 642(a)–(c), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1318, as amended by Pub. L. 105–66, title III, § 348, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1451, known as the ‘‘Federal Em- ployees’ Retirement System Open Enrollment Act of 1997’’, provided that any individual who, as of Jan. 1, 1998, was employed by the Federal Government, and on such date was subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, other than a Member of Congress, could elect to become subject to chapter 84 of this title, and di- rected Office of Personnel Management to promulgate regulations which would provide for an election to be made not before July 1, 1998, or after Dec. 31, 1998. PILOT PROGRAMS FOR DEFENSE EMPLOYEES CONVERTED TO CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES DUE TO PRIVATIZATION AT CLOSED MILITARY INSTALLATIONS Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, § 1616, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2741, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that: ‘‘(a) PILOT PROGRAMS AUTHORIZED.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, may establish one or more pilot programs under which Federal retirement benefits are provided in accordance with this section to persons who convert from Federal employment to em- ployment by a Department of Defense contractor in connection with the privatization of the performance of functions at selected military installations being closed under the base closure and realignment process. ‘‘(2) The Secretary of Defense shall select the mili- tary installations to be covered by a pilot program under this section. ‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE CONVERTED EMPLOYEES.—(1) A person is a converted employee eligible for Federal retirement benefits under this section if the person is a former em- ployee of the Department of Defense (other than a tem- porary employee) who— ‘‘(A) while employed by the Department of Defense at a military installation selected to participate in a pilot program, performed a function that was rec- ommended, in a report of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission submitted to the Presi- dent under the Defense Base Closure and Realign- ment Act of 1990 ([part A of] title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note), to be privatized for per- formance by a defense contractor at the same instal- lation or in the vicinity of the installation; ‘‘(B) while so employed, separated from Federal service after being notified that the employee would be separated in a reduction in force resulting from such privatization; ‘‘(C) at the time separated from Federal service, was covered under the Civil Service Retirement Sys- tem, but was not eligible for an immediate annuity under the Civil Service Retirement System; ‘‘(D) does not withdraw retirement contributions under section 8342 of title 5, United States Code; ‘‘(E) within 60 days following such separation, is employed by the defense contractor selected to pri- vatize the function to perform substantially the same function performed by the person before the separa- tion; and ‘‘(F) remains employed by the defense contractor (or a successor defense contractor) or subcontractor of the defense contractor (or successor defense con- Page 992 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 tractor) until attaining early deferred retirement age (unless the employment is sooner involuntarily ter- minated for reasons other than performance or con- duct of the employee). ‘‘(2) A person who, under paragraph (1), would other- wise be eligible for an early deferred annuity under this section shall not be eligible for such benefits if the per- son received separation pay or severance pay due to a separation described in subparagraph (B) of that para- graph unless the person repays the full amount of such pay with interest (computed at a rate determined ap- propriate by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management) to the Department of Defense before at- taining early deferred retirement age. ‘‘(c) RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF CONVERTED EMPLOY- EES.—In the case of a converted employee covered by a pilot program, payment of a deferred annuity for which the converted employee is eligible under section 8338(a) of title 5, United States Code, shall commence on the first day of the first month that begins after the date on which the converted employee attains early deferred retirement age, notwithstanding the age requirement under that section. If the employment of a converted employee is involuntarily terminated by the defense contractor or subcontractor as described in subsection (b)(1)(F) and the converted employee resumes Federal service before the converted employee attains early de- ferred retirement age, the converted employee shall once again be covered under the Civil Service Retire- ment System instead of the pilot program. ‘‘(d) COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE PAY.—(1)(A) This para- graph applies to a converted employee who was em- ployed in a position classified under the General Sched- ule immediately before the employee’s covered separa- tion from Federal service. ‘‘(B) Subject to subparagraph (C), for purposes of computing the deferred annuity for a converted em- ployee referred to in subparagraph (A), the average pay of the converted employee, computed under section 8331(4) of title 5, United States Code, as of the date of the employee’s covered separation from Federal serv- ice, shall be adjusted at the same time and by the same percentage that rates of basic pay are increased under section 5303 of such title during the period beginning on that date and ending on the date on which the con- verted employee attains early deferred retirement age. ‘‘(C) The average pay of a converted employee, as ad- justed under subparagraph (B), may not exceed the amount to which an annuity of the converted employee could be increased under section 8340 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with the limitation in sub- section (g)(1) of such section (relating to maximum pay, final pay, or average pay). ‘‘(2)(A) This paragraph applies to a converted em- ployee who was a prevailing rate employee (as defined under section 5342(2) [5342(a)(2)] of title 5, United States Code) immediately before the employee’s covered sepa- ration from Federal service. ‘‘(B) For purposes of computing the deferred annuity for a converted employee referred to in subparagraph (A), the average pay of the converted employee, com- puted under section 8331(4) of title 5, United States Code, as of the date of the employee’s covered separa- tion from Federal service, shall be adjusted at the same time and by the same percentage that pay rates for po- sitions that are in the same area as, and are com- parable to, the last position the converted employee held as a prevailing rate employee, are increased under section 5343(a) of such title during the period beginning on that date and ending on the date on which the con- verted employee attains early deferred retirement age. ‘‘(e) PAYMENT OF UNFUNDED LIABILITY.—(1) The mili- tary department concerned shall be liable for that por- tion of any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund es- tablished under section 8348 of title 5, United States Code, which is attributable to any benefits payable from such Fund to a converted employee, and any sur- vivor of a converted employee, when the increase re- sults from— ‘‘(A) an increase in the average pay of the con- verted employee under subsection (d) upon which such benefits are computed; and ‘‘(B) the commencement of an early deferred annu- ity in accordance with this section before the attain- ment of 62 years of age by the converted employee. ‘‘(2) The estimated increase in the unfunded liability for each department referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by the Director of the Office of Per- sonnel Management. In making the determination, the Director shall consider any savings to the Fund as a re- sult of a pilot program established under this section. The Secretary of the military department concerned shall pay the amount so determined to the Director in 10 equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System, with the first payment thereof due at the end of the fiscal year in which an in- crease in average pay under subsection (d) becomes ef- fective. ‘‘(f) CONTRACTOR SERVICE NOT CREDITABLE.—Service performed by a converted employee for a defense con- tractor after the employee’s covered separation from Federal service is not creditable service for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(g) RECEIPT OF BENEFITS WHILE EMPLOYED BY A DE- FENSE CONTRACTOR.—A converted employee may com- mence receipt of an early deferred annuity in accord- ance with this section while continuing to work for a defense contractor. ‘‘(h) LUMP-SUM CREDIT PAYMENT.—If a converted em- ployee dies before attaining early deferred retirement age, such employee shall be treated as a former em- ployee who dies not retired for purposes of payment of the lump-sum credit under section 8342(d) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(i) CONTINUED FEDERAL HEALTH BENEFITS COV- ERAGE.—Notwithstanding section 8905a(e)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, the continued coverage of a con- verted employee for health benefits under chapter 89 of such title by reason of the application of section 8905a of such title to such employee shall terminate 90 days after the date of the employee’s covered separation from Federal employment. For the purposes of the pre- ceding sentence, a person who, except for subsection (b)(2), would be a converted employee shall be consid- ered a converted employee. ‘‘(j) REPORT BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OF- FICE.—The Comptroller General shall conduct a study of each pilot program, if any, established under this section and submit a report on the pilot program to Congress not later than two years after the date on which the program is established. The report shall con- tain the following: ‘‘(1) A review and evaluation of the program, in- cluding— ‘‘(A) an evaluation of the success of the privatiza- tion outcomes of the program; ‘‘(B) a comparison and evaluation of such privat- ization outcomes with the privatization outcomes with respect to facilities at other military installa- tions closed or realigned under the base closure laws; ‘‘(C) an evaluation of the impact of the program on the Federal workforce and whether the program results in the maintenance of a skilled workforce for defense contractors at an acceptable cost to the military department concerned; and ‘‘(D) an assessment of the extent to which the program is a cost-effective means of facilitating privatization of the performance of Federal activi- ties. ‘‘(2) Recommendations relating to the expansion of the program to other installations and employees. ‘‘(3) Any other recommendation relating to the pro- gram. ‘‘(k) IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.—Not later than 30 days after the Secretary of Defense notifies the Direc- tor of the Office of Personnel Management of a decision Page 993 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 to establish a pilot program under this section, the Di- rector shall prescribe regulations to carry out the pro- visions of this section with respect to that pilot pro- gram. Before prescribing the regulations, the Director shall consult with the Secretary. ‘‘(l) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: ‘‘(1) The term ‘converted employee’ means a person who, pursuant to subsection (b), is eligible for bene- fits under this section. ‘‘(2) The term ‘covered separation from Federal service’ means a separation from Federal service as described under subsection (b)(1)(B). ‘‘(3) The term ‘Civil Service Retirement System’ means the retirement system under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(4) The term ‘defense contractor’ means any enti- ty that— ‘‘(A) contracts with the Department of Defense to perform a function previously performed by Depart- ment of Defense employees; ‘‘(B) performs that function at the same installa- tion at which such function was previously per- formed by Department of Defense employees or in the vicinity of that installation; and ‘‘(C) is the employer of one or more converted em- ployees. ‘‘(5) The term ‘early deferred retirement age’ means the first age at which a converted employee would have been eligible for immediate retirement under subsection (a) or (b) of section 8336 of title 5, United States Code, if such converted employee had re- mained an employee within the meaning of section 8331(1) of such title continuously until attaining such age. ‘‘(6) The term ‘severance pay’ means severance pay payable under section 5595 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(7) The term ‘separation pay’ means separation pay payable under section 5597 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(m) APPLICATION OF PILOT PROGRAM.—In the event that a pilot program is established for a military in- stallation, the pilot program shall apply to a covered separation from Federal service by an employee of the Department of Defense at the installation occurring on or after August 1, 1996.’’ ADDITIONAL AGENCY CONTRIBUTIONS TO RETIREMENT FUND Pub. L. 103–226, § 4, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 114, as amended by Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, § 3, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 108–487, title IV, § 401(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3946, provided that: ‘‘(a) RELATING TO VOLUNTARY SEPARATION INCENTIVE PAYMENTS.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other pay- ments which it is required to make under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, an agency shall remit to the Office of Personnel Manage- ment for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Dis- ability Fund an amount equal to 9 percent of the final basic pay of each employee of the agency— ‘‘(A) who, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 30, 1994] retires under section 8336(d)(2) of such title; and ‘‘(B) to whom a voluntary separation incentive payment has been or is to be paid by such agency based on that retirement. ‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—For the purpose of this sub- section— ‘‘(A) the term ‘final basic pay’, with respect to an employee, means the total amount of basic pay which would be payable for a year of service by such employee, computed using the employee’s final rate of basic pay, and, if last serving on other than a full-time basis, with appropriate adjustment therefor; and ‘‘(B) the term ‘voluntary separation incentive payment’ means— ‘‘(i) a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3 [5 U.S.C. 5597 note] (including under any program established under section 3(f)); and ‘‘(ii) any separation pay under section 5597 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(b) RELATING TO FISCAL YEARS 1995 THROUGH 1998.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other pay- ments which it is required to make under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, in fiscal years 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 (and in addition to any amounts required under subsection (a)), each agency shall, before the end of each such fiscal year, remit to the Office of Personnel Manage- ment for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Dis- ability Fund an amount equal to the product of— ‘‘(A) the number of employees of such agency who, as of March 31st of such fiscal year, are sub- ject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of such title; multiplied by ‘‘(B) $80. ‘‘(2) DEFINITION.—For the purpose of this sub- section, the term ‘agency’ means an Executive agen- cy (as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code), but does not include the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office]. ‘‘(c) REGULATIONS.—The Director of the Office of Per- sonnel Management may prescribe any regulations nec- essary to carry out this section.’’ COORDINATION WITH PAY PERIODS Pub. L. 99–556, title V, § 505, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3141, provided that: ‘‘Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, any reference to a specific date in section 302, 303, 305 [5 U.S.C. 8331 notes], or 702(a) [5 U.S.C. 8401 note] of the Federal Em- ployees’ Retirement System Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 514) shall, for purposes of individual contributions (including deductions from basic pay), Government contributions, and refunds, be deemed to be a reference to the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after such date, or to the day before such first day, as appropriate.’’ CONTINUED COVERAGE UNDER CERTAIN FEDERAL EM- PLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAMS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES OF SAINT ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL Pub. L. 99–335, title II, § 207(o), as added by Pub. L. 100–238, title I, § 109(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1748, pro- vided that: ‘‘An employee of Saint Elizabeths Hospital who is appointed to a position in the government of the District of Columbia on October 1, 1987, pursuant to the Saint Elizabeths Hospital and District of Columbia Mental Health Services Act (Public Law 98–621; 98 Stat. 3369 and following) [see Short Title note set out under section 225 of Title 24, Hospitals and Asylums] shall, for purposes of chapters 83, 87, and 89 of title 5, United States Code, be treated in the same way as an indi- vidual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987.’’ [Pub. L. 100–238, title I, § 109(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1749, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this sec- tion [enacting note above] shall be effective as of Octo- ber 1, 1987.’’] ELECTION OF COVERAGE UNDER CHAPTER 84 Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §§ 301–303, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 599–605, as amended by Pub. L. 99–556, title III, §§ 301, 302, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3135, 3136; Pub. L. 100–20, § 1(a), Apr. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§ 106, 107, 113(a)(1), 118, 119, 134(b), (c), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1746, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1764, 1765; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, § 226(b)(2)(D), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530, provided that: ‘‘SEC. 301. ELECTIONS. ‘‘(a) ELECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO THE CIVIL SERVICE RETIREMENT SYSTEM.—(1)(A) Any individual Page 994 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 (other than an individual under subsection (b)) who, as of June 30, 1987, is employed by the Federal Govern- ment, and who is then subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, may elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title. ‘‘(B) An election under this paragraph may not be made before July 1, 1987, or after December 31, 1987. ‘‘(2)(A) Any individual who, after June 30, 1987, be- comes reemployed by the Federal Government, and who is then subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, may elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title. ‘‘(B) An election under this paragraph shall not be ef- fective unless it is made during the six-month period beginning on the date on which reemployment com- mences. ‘‘(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any individual— ‘‘(i) who is excluded from the operation of sub- chapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, under subsection (g), (i), (j), or (l) of section 8347 of such title, and ‘‘(ii) with respect to whom chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, does not apply because of section 8402(b)(2) of such title, shall, for purposes of an election under paragraph (1) or (2), be treated as if such individual were subject to sub- chapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(B) An election under this paragraph may not be made by any individual who would be excluded from the operation of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, under section 8402(c) of such title (relating to ex- clusions based on the temporary or intermittent nature of one’s employment). ‘‘(4) A member of the Foreign Service described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3903(6)] shall be ineligible to make any election under this subsection. ‘‘(b) ELECTIONS FOR CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS SERVING CONTINUOUSLY SINCE DECEMBER 31, 1983.—The following rules shall apply in the case of any individual described in section 8402(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code: ‘‘(1) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, but is not subject to section 204 of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [section 204 of Pub. L. 98–168, set out below], the individual shall re- main so subject to such subchapter unless the indi- vidual elects, after June 30, 1987, and before January 1, 1988— ‘‘(A) to become subject to such subchapter under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such subchapter; or ‘‘(B) to become subject to chapter 84 of such title. An individual eligible to make an election under this paragraph may make the election described in sub- paragraph (A) or (B), but not both. ‘‘(2) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and is also subject to section 204 of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below], the individual— ‘‘(A) shall, as of January 1, 1987, become subject to such subchapter under the same terms and con- ditions as apply in the case of an individual de- scribed in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is sub- ject to such subchapter; and ‘‘(B) may (during the six-month period described in subsection (a)(1)(B)) elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title. ‘‘(3)(A) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is not subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, such individual may, during the 6-month period described in subsection (a)(1)(B)— ‘‘(i) elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title; or ‘‘(ii) if such individual has not since made an election described in subparagraph (B), elect to be- come subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such sub- chapter. ‘‘(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to preclude the individual from electing to become subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title pursuant to notification under section 8331(2) of such title— ‘‘(i) during the period after December 31, 1986, and before July 1, 1987; or ‘‘(ii) after December 31, 1987, if such individual has not since become subject to subchapter III of chapter 83, or chapter 84, of such title. ‘‘(C) Any individual who becomes subject to sub- chapter III of chapter 83 of such title pursuant to no- tification under section 8331(2) of such title after De- cember 31, 1986, shall become subject to such sub- chapter under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such sub- chapter. ‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE; IRREVOCABILITY.—An election made under this section— ‘‘(1) shall take effect beginning with the first pay period beginning after the date of the election; and ‘‘(2) shall be irrevocable. ‘‘(d) CONDITION FOR MAKING AN ELECTION; EXTENSION TO SATISFY CONDITION.—(1) An election under this sec- tion to become subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, shall not be considered effective in the case of an individual having one or more former spouses, unless the election is made with the written consent of such former spouse (or each such former spouse, if there is more than one). ‘‘(2)(A) This subsection applies with respect to a former spouse who (based on the service of the indi- vidual involved) is entitled to benefits under section 8341(h) or 8345(j) of title 5, United States Code, under the terms of a decree of divorce or annulment, or a court order or court-approved property settlement inci- dent to any such decree, with respect to which the Of- fice of Personnel Management has been duly notified. ‘‘(B) This subsection does not apply with respect to a former spouse who has ceased to be so entitled as a re- sult of remarrying before age 55. ‘‘(3) The requirement under paragraph (1) shall be considered satisfied with respect to a former spouse if the individual seeking to make the election establishes to the satisfaction of the Office (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office)— ‘‘(A) that the former spouse’s whereabouts cannot be determined; or ‘‘(B) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requir- ing the individual to seek the former spouse’s consent would otherwise be inappropriate. ‘‘(4)(A) The Office shall, upon application of an indi- vidual, grant an extension for such individual to make an election referred to in paragraph (1) if such indi- vidual— ‘‘(i) files application for extension before the end of the period during which such individual would other- wise be eligible to make such election; and ‘‘(ii) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Office that the extension is needed to secure the modifica- tion of a decree of divorce or annulment (or a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any such decree) in order to satisfy the consent re- quirement under paragraph (1). ‘‘(B) An extension under this paragraph shall be for 6 months or for such longer period as the Office considers appropriate. ‘‘(e) EXCLUSIONS.—This section does not apply to an individual under section 8331(1)(G) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘SEC. 302. EFFECT OF AN ELECTION UNDER SEC- TION 301 TO BECOME SUBJECT TO THE FED- ERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM. ‘‘(a) GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES.—All provisions of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (including Page 995 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 those relating to disability benefits, survivor benefits, and any reductions to provide for survivor benefits) shall apply with respect to any individual who becomes subject to such chapter pursuant to an election under section 301, except if, or to the extent that, such provi- sions are inconsistent with the following: ‘‘(1)(A) Any civilian service which is performed be- fore the effective date of the election under section 301 shall not be creditable under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, except as otherwise provided in this subsection. ‘‘(B) Any service described in subparagraph (A) which is covered service within the meaning of sec- tion 203(a)(3) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1107; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note) (hereinafter in this sec- tion referred to as ‘covered service’) shall be cred- itable under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, if— ‘‘(i) with respect to any such service performed before January 1, 1987, 1.3 percent of basic pay for such service was withheld in accordance with such Act or, if either such withholding was not made or was made, but the amount so withheld was subse- quently refunded, 1.3 percent of basic pay for such period is deposited to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ‘Fund’), with interest (computed under section 8334(e) of such title); and ‘‘(ii) with respect to any such service performed after December 31, 1986, and before the effective date of the election, an amount equal to the per- centage of basic pay for such service which would be required to be withheld under section 8422(a) of title 5, United States Code, has been contributed to the Fund by the individual involved, whether by withholdings from pay or, if either no withholding was made or was made, but the amount withheld was subsequently refunded, the aforementioned per- centage of basic pay for such period is deposited to the credit of the Fund, with interest (computed under section 8334(e) of such title). ‘‘(C) Any service described in subparagraph (A)— ‘‘(i) which is not covered service; ‘‘(ii) which constitutes service of a type described in section 8411(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code (determined without regard to whether such service was performed before, on, or after January 1, 1989, and without regard to the provisions of section 8411(f) of such title); and ‘‘(iii) which, in the aggregate, is equal to less than 5 years; shall be creditable under chapter 84 of such title, sub- ject to section 8411(f) of such title. ‘‘(D) Any service described in subparagraph (A)— ‘‘(i) which is not covered service; ‘‘(ii) which constitutes service of a type described in section 8411(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code (determined without regard to whether such service was performed before, on, or after January 1, 1989, and without regard to the provisions of section 8411(f) of such title); and ‘‘(iii) which, in the aggregate, is equal to 5 years or more; shall be creditable for purposes of— ‘‘(I) section 8410 of such title, relating to the min- imum period of civilian service required to be eligi- ble for an annuity; ‘‘(II) any provision of section 8412 (other than sub- section (d) or (e) thereof), 8413, 8414, 8442(b)(1), 8443(a)(1), or 8451 of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity; ‘‘(III) the provisions of paragraphs (4) and (6); ‘‘(IV) any provision of section 8412(d) of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity, but only if and to the extent that the service described in subparagraph (A) was as a law enforcement officer or firefighter; ‘‘(V) any provision of section 8412(e) of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity, but only if and to the extent that the service described in subparagraph (A) was as an air traffic controller; and ‘‘(VI) the provision of subsection (h) [now (i)] of section 8415 which relates to the minimum period of service required to qualify for the higher accrual rate under such subsection. ‘‘(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the creditability under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, of any military service which is performed be- fore the effective date of the election under section 301 shall be determined in accordance with applicable provisions of such chapter. ‘‘(B) If the electing individual has performed serv- ice described in clauses (i) through (iii) of paragraph (1)(D), service described in subparagraph (A) which, but for the provisions of subsection (b), would be creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect on December 31, 1986, shall be creditable for purposes of— ‘‘(i) any provision of section 8412 (other than sub- section (d) or (e) thereof), 8413, or 8414 of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity; and ‘‘(ii) the provisions of paragraph (4). ‘‘(3)(A)(i) If the electing individual becomes enti- tled to an annuity under subchapter II of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or dies leaving a sur- vivor or survivors entitled to benefits under sub- chapter IV of such chapter, the annuity for such indi- vidual shall be equal to the sum of the individual’s accrued benefits under the Civil Service Retirement System (as determined under paragraph (4)) and the individual’s accrued benefits under the Federal Em- ployees’ Retirement System (as determined under paragraph (5)). ‘‘(ii) An annuity computed under this subparagraph shall be deemed to be the individual’s annuity com- puted under section 8415 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(B) If the electing individual becomes entitled to an annuity under subchapter V of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and if it becomes necessary to compute an annuity under section 8415 of such title with respect to such individual as a result of such in- dividual’s having become so entitled, the method- ology set forth in subparagraph (A) shall be used in computing any such annuity under section 8415. ‘‘(4) Accrued benefits under this paragraph shall be computed in accordance with applicable provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code (but without regard to subsection (j) or (k), or the second sentence of subsection (e), of section 8339 of such title) using only any civilian service under paragraph (1)(D), and any military service under paragraph (2)(B), which would be creditable for pur- poses of computing an annuity under such sub- chapter. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, in computing accrued benefits under this paragraph for an individual retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) of title 5, United States Code, section 8339(h) of such title (relating to reductions based on age at date of separation) shall not apply. ‘‘(5) Accrued benefits under this paragraph shall be computed under section 8415 of title 5, United States Code, using— ‘‘(A) total service creditable under chapter 84 of such title which is performed on or after the effec- tive date of the election under section 301; and ‘‘(B) with respect to service performed before such effective date— ‘‘(i) creditable civilian service (as determined under applicable provisions of this subsection) other than any service described in paragraph (1)(D); and ‘‘(ii) creditable military service (as determined under applicable provisions of this subsection) other than any service described in paragraph (2)(B). ‘‘(6)(A) For purposes of any computation under paragraph (4) or (5), the average pay to be used shall Page 996 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 be the largest annual rate resulting from averaging the individual’s rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of creditable service or, in the case of an annuity based on service of less than 3 years, over the total period of service so creditable, with each rate weighted by the period it was in effect. ‘‘(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), service shall be considered creditable if it would be considered creditable for purposes of determining average pay under chapter 83 or 84 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(7) The cost-of-living adjustments for the annuity of the electing individual shall be made as follows: ‘‘(A) The portion of the annuity attributable to paragraph (4) shall be adjusted at the time and in the amount provided for under section 8340 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(B) The portion of the annuity attributable to paragraph (5) shall be adjusted at the time and in the amount provided for under section 8462 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(8) For purposes of any computation under para- graph (4) in the case of an individual who retires under section 8412 or 8414 of title 5, United States Code, or who dies leaving a survivor or survivors enti- tled to benefits under subchapter IV of such chapter, sick leave creditable under section 8339(m) of such title shall be equal to the number of days of unused sick leave to the individual’s credit as of the date of retirement or as of the effective date of the individ- ual’s election under section 301, whichever is less. ‘‘(9) In computing the annuity under paragraph (3) for an individual retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) of title 5, United States Code, the reduction under section 8415(g) [now 8415(h)] of such title shall apply with respect to the sum computed under such paragraph. ‘‘(10) An annuity supplement under section 8421 of title 5, United States Code, shall be computed using the same service as is used for the computation under paragraph (5). ‘‘(11) Effective from its commencing date, an annu- ity payable to an annuitant’s survivor (other than a child under section 8443 of title 5, United States Code) shall be increased by the total percent by which the deceased annuitant’s annuity was increased under paragraph (7). ‘‘(12)(A)(i) If the electing individual is a reemployed annuitant under section 8344 of title 5, United States Code, under conditions allowing the annuity to con- tinue during reemployment, payment of the annu- itant’s annuity shall continue after the effective date of the election, and an amount equal to the annuity allocable to the period of actual employment shall continue to be deducted from the annuitant’s pay and deposited as provided in subsection (a) of such sec- tion. Deductions from pay under section 8422(a) of such title and contributions under section 8423 of such title shall begin effective on the effective date of the election. ‘‘(ii) Notwithstanding any provision of section 301, an election under such section shall not be available to any reemployed annuitant who would be excluded from the operation of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, under section 8402(c) of such title (relat- ing to exclusions based on the temporary or intermit- tent nature of one’s employment). ‘‘(B) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for at least 1 year, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 1 year of full-time service, such annuitant’s annuity, on termination of reemploy- ment, shall be increased by an annuity computed— ‘‘(i) with respect to reemployment service before the effective date of the election, under section 8339(a), (b), (d), (e), (h), (i), and (n) of title 5, United States Code, as may apply based on the reemploy- ment in which such annuitant was engaged before such effective date; and ‘‘(ii) with respect to reemployment service on or after the effective date of the election, under sec- tion 8415(a) through (g) [now 8415(a)–(c), (e)–(h)] of such title, as may apply based on the reemploy- ment in which such annuitant was engaged on or after such effective date; with the ‘average pay’ used in any computation under clause (i) or (ii) being determined (based on rates of pay in effect during the period of reemployment, whether before, on, or after the effective date of the election) in the same way as provided for in para- graph (6). If the annuitant is receiving a reduced an- nuity as provided in section 8339(j) or section 8339(k)(2) of title 5, United States Code, the increase in annuity payable under this subparagraph is re- duced by 10 percent and the survivor annuity payable under section 8341(b) of such title is increased by 55 percent of the increase in annuity payable under this subparagraph, unless, at the time of claiming the in- crease payable under this subparagraph, the annu- itant notifies the Office of Personnel Management in writing that such annuitant does not desire the sur- vivor annuity to be increased. If the annuitant dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for at least 1 full year (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any survivor an- nuity payable under section 8341(b) of such title based on the service of such annuitant is increased as though the reemployment had otherwise terminated. In applying paragraph (7) to an amount under this subparagraph, any portion of such amount attrib- utable to clause (i) shall be adjusted under subpara- graph (A) of such paragraph, and any portion of such amount attributable to clause (ii) shall be adjusted under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph. ‘‘(C)(i) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for at least 5 years, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 5 years of full-time service, such annuitant may elect, instead of the benefit pro- vided by subparagraph (B), to have such annuitant’s rights redetermined, effective upon separation from employment. If the annuitant so elects, the redeter- mined annuity will become payable as if such annu- itant were retiring for the first time based on the sep- aration from reemployment service, and the provi- sions of this section concerning computation of annu- ity (other than any provision of this paragraph) shall apply. ‘‘(ii) If the annuitant dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for at least 5 full years (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any person entitled to a survivor annu- ity under section 8341(b) of title 5, United States Code, based on the service of such annuitant shall be permitted to elect to have such person’s rights rede- termined in accordance with regulations which the Office shall prescribe. Redetermined benefits elected under this clause shall be in lieu of any increased benefits which would otherwise be payable in accord- ance with the next to last sentence of subparagraph (B). ‘‘(D) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for less than 1 year (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any amounts withheld under section 8422(a) of title 5, United States Code, from such annuitant’s pay for the period (or periods) involved shall, upon written application to the Office, be payable to such annuitant (or the appropriate sur- vivor or survivors, determined in the order set forth in section 8342(c) of such title). ‘‘(E) For purposes of determining the period of an annuitant’s reemployment service under this para- graph, a period of reemployment service shall not be taken into account unless— ‘‘(i) with respect to service performed before the effective date of the election under section 301, it is service which, if performed for at least 1 full year, would have allowed such annuitant to elect under section 8344(a) of title 5, United States Code, to have deductions withheld from pay; or ‘‘(ii) with respect to service performed on or after the effective date of the election under section 301, it is service with respect to which deductions from Page 997 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 pay would be required to be withheld under the sec- ond sentence of section 8468(a) of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(b) CHAPTER 83 GENERALLY INAPPLICABLE.—(1) Ex- cept as provided in subsection (a) or paragraph (2), sub- chapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply with respect to any individual who be- comes subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, pursuant to an election under section 301. ‘‘(2)(A) Nothing in paragraph (1), or in subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, shall pre- clude the making of a deposit under such subchapter with respect to any civilian service under subsection (a)(1)(D) or military service under subsection (a)(2)(B) either by the electing individual or, for purposes of sur- vivor annuities, by a survivor of such individual. ‘‘(B) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall preclude the pay- ment of any lump-sum credit in accordance with sec- tion 8342 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(c) REFUNDS RELATING TO CERTAIN CIVILIAN SERV- ICE.—(1) Any individual who makes an election under section 301 to become subject to chapter 84 and who, with respect to any period before the effective date of the election, has made a contribution to the Civil Serv- ice Retirement System (whether by deductions from pay or by a deposit or redeposit) and has not taken a refund of the contribution (as so made), shall be enti- tled to a refund equal to— ‘‘(A) for a period of service under clause (i) of sub- section (a)(1)(B), the amount by which— ‘‘(i) the amount contributed with respect to such period, exceeds ‘‘(ii) the amount required under such clause (i) with respect to such period; ‘‘(B) for a period of service under clause (ii) of sub- section (a)(1)(B), the amount by which— ‘‘(i) the amount so contributed with respect to such period, exceeds ‘‘(ii) the amount required under such clause (ii) with respect to such period; and ‘‘(C) for a period of service under subparagraph (C) of subsection (a)(1), the amount by which— ‘‘(i) the amount so contributed with respect to such period, exceeds ‘‘(ii) the amount required under such subpara- graph with respect to such period. ‘‘(2) In accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, a refund under this subsection shall be payable upon written application therefor filed with the Office and shall include interest at the rate provided in section 8334(e)(3) of title 5, United States Code. Interest on the refund shall accrue monthly and shall be compounded annually. ‘‘SEC. 303. PROVISIONS RELATING TO AN ELECTION TO BECOME SUBJECT TO CHAPTER 83 SUBJECT TO CERTAIN OFFSETS RELATING TO SOCIAL SECURITY. ‘‘(a) REFUND.—Any individual who makes an election under section 301(b)(1)(A) shall, upon written applica- tion to the Office of Personnel Management, be entitled to a refund equal to— ‘‘(1) for the period beginning on January 1, 1984, and ending on December 31, 1986, the amount by which— ‘‘(A) the total amount deducted from such indi- vidual’s basic pay under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for such period, exceeds ‘‘(B) 1.3 percent of such individual’s total basic pay for such period; and ‘‘(2) for the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on the day before the effective date of the election, the amount by which— ‘‘(A) the total amount deducted from such indi- vidual’s basic pay under such section 8334(a)(1) for such period, exceeds ‘‘(B) the total amount which would have been de- ducted if such individual’s basic pay had instead been subject to section 8334(k) of such title during such period. A refund under this subsection shall be computed with interest in accordance with section 302(c)(2) and regula- tions prescribed by the Office of Personnel Manage- ment. ‘‘(b) DEPOSIT REQUIREMENTS.—(1) In the case of an in- dividual who becomes subject to subchapter III of chap- ter 83 of title 5, United States Code, pursuant to notifi- cation as described in the second sentence of section 301(b)(3)(B), service performed by such individual before the effective date of the notification shall not be con- sidered creditable under such subchapter unless— ‘‘(A) for any service during the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on the day before such ef- fective date, there is deposited to the credit of the Fund a percentage of basic pay for such period equal to the percentage which would have applied under section 8334(k) of such title if such individual’s pay had been subject to such section during such period; ‘‘(B) for any period of service beginning on January 1, 1984, and ending on December 31, 1986, there is de- posited to the credit of the Fund an amount equal to 1.3 percent of basic pay for such period; and ‘‘(C) for any period of service before January 1, 1984, there is deposited to the credit of the Fund any amount required with respect to such period under such subchapter. ‘‘(2) A deposit under this subsection may be made by the individual or, for purposes of survivor annuities, a survivor of such individual.’’ [Pub. L. 100–238, title I, § 113(a)(2), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–335 set out above] shall be effective as of June 30, 1987. Any refund which becomes payable as a result of the pre- ceding sentence shall, to the extent that such refund involves an individual’s contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund (established under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code), be adjusted to reflect any earnings attributable thereto.’’] [Amendment by section 134(b) of Pub. L. 100–238 to section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–335 applicable with respect to any election made by a reemployed annuitant on or after Jan. 8, 1988, see section 134(d) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 8468 of this title.] CONSTRUCTION OF ADJUSTMENTS IN RETIREMENT PROVISIONS MADE BY PUB. L. 98–353 Pub. L. 98–353, title I, § 117, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344, provided that: ‘‘The adjustments in the retirement pro- visions made by this Act shall not be construed to be a ‘new government retirement system’ for purposes of the Federal Employees Retirement Contribution Tem- porary Adjustment Act of 1983 (Public Law 98–168) [set out below]’’. ELECTION OF RETIREMENT PLAN UNDER FEDERAL EM- PLOYEES’ RETIREMENT CONTRIBUTION TEMPORARY AD- JUSTMENT ACT OF 1983 Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, § 2206, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1059, provided that: ‘‘(a) For the purposes of this section, the term ‘cov- ered retirement system’ shall have the same meaning as provided in section 203(a)(2) of the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (Public Law 98–168; 97 Stat. 1107) [set out below]. ‘‘(b)(1) Any individual who was entitled to make an election under section 208(a) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1111) [set out below], but who did not make such an election, may make an election under such section not later than September 15, 1984. ‘‘(2)(A) Not later than September 15, 1984, any such individual who made an election under paragraph (1) of section 208(a) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below] may— ‘‘(i) make any other election which such individual was entitled to make under such section before Janu- ary 1, 1984; or Page 998 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 ‘‘(ii) elect to become a participant in a covered re- tirement system (if such individual is otherwise eligi- ble to participate in such system), subject to sections 201 through 207 of such Act [set out below]. ‘‘(B) Not later than September 15, 1984, any such indi- vidual who made an election under paragraph (2) of sec- tion 208(a) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Con- tribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 may— ‘‘(i) make any other election which such individual was entitled to make under such section before Janu- ary 1, 1984; or ‘‘(ii) elect to terminate participation in the covered retirement system with respect to which such indi- vidual made the election under such paragraph (2). ‘‘(3) An election under this subsection shall be made by a written application submitted to the official by whom the electing individual is paid. ‘‘(4) An election made as provided in this subsection shall take effect with respect to service performed on or after the first day of the first applicable pay period commencing after September 15, 1984. ‘‘(c)(1) Section 8342(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code, does not apply for the purpose of determining an entitlement to a refund under section 208(c) of the Fed- eral Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1111) [set out below]. ‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) shall take effect with respect to any election made under section 208(a) of such Act or this Act before, on, or after January 1, 1984. ‘‘(d) Nothing in this section or the Federal Employ- ees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below] affects any entitlement to benefits accrued under a covered retirement system be- fore January 1, 1984, except to the extent that any amount refunded under section 208(c) of such Act is not redeposited in the applicable retirement fund.’’ FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT CONTRIBUTION TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENT Pub. L. 98–168, title II, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1106, as amended by Pub. L. 99–190, § 147, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1324; Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §§ 305(a), 309, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 606, 607; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: ‘‘SHORT TITLE ‘‘SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the ‘Federal Em- ployees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjust- ment Act of 1983’. ‘‘STATEMENT OF POLICY ‘‘SEC. 202. It is the policy of the Government— ‘‘(1) that the amount required to be contributed to certain public retirement systems by employees and officers of the Government who are also required to pay employment taxes relating to benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] for service performed after December 31, 1983, be modi- fied until the date on which such employees and offi- cers are covered by a new Government retirement system (the design, structure, and provisions of which have not been determined on the date of enact- ment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1983]) or January 1, 1987, whichever is earlier; ‘‘(2) that the Treasury be required to pay into such retirement systems the remainder of the amount such employees and officers would have contributed during such period but for the temporary modifica- tion; ‘‘(3) that the employing agencies make contribu- tions to the retirement systems with respect to such service in amounts required by law in effect before January 1, 1984, without reduction in such amounts; ‘‘(4) that such employees and officers accrue credit for service for the purposes of the public retirement systems in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1983] until a new Government retirement system covering such employees and officers is estab- lished; ‘‘(5) that, where appropriate, deposits to the credit of such a retirement system be required with respect to service performed by an employee or officer of the Government during the period described in clause (1), and, where appropriate, annuities be offset by the amount of certain social security benefits attrib- utable to such service; and ‘‘(6) that such employees and officers who are first employed in civilian service by the Government or first take office in civilian service in the Government on or after January 1, 1984, become subject to such new Government retirement system as may be estab- lished for employees and officers of the Government on or after January 1, 1984, and before January 1, 1987, with credit for service performed after December 31, 1983, by such employees and officers transferred to such new Government retirement system. ‘‘DEFINITIONS ‘‘SEC. 203. (a) For the purposes of this title— ‘‘(1) the term ‘covered employee’ means any indi- vidual whose service is covered service; ‘‘(2) the term ‘covered retirement system’ means— ‘‘(A) the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code; ‘‘(B) the Foreign Service Retirement and Dis- ability System under chapter 8 of the Foreign Serv- ice Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4041 et seq.); ‘‘(C) the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System under the Central Intel- ligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); and ‘‘(D) any other retirement system (other than a new Government retirement system) under which a covered employee who is a participant in the sys- tem is required to make contributions to the sys- tem in an amount equal to a portion of the partici- pant’s basic pay for covered service, as determined by the President; ‘‘(3) the term ‘covered service’ means service which is employment for the purposes of title II of the So- cial Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.] by reason of the amendments made by section 101 of the Social Security Amendments of 1983 (97 Stat. 67) [amending section 3121 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 409 and 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 3121 of Title 26 and section 410 of Title 42]; and ‘‘(4) the term ‘new Government retirement system’ means any retirement system which (A) is estab- lished for officers or employees of the Government by or pursuant to a law enacted after December 31, 1983, and before January 1, 1987, and (B) takes effect on or before January 1, 1987. ‘‘(b) The President shall publish the determinations made for the purpose of subsection (a)(2)(D) in an Exec- utive order. ‘‘CONTRIBUTION ADJUSTMENTS ‘‘SEC. 204. (a) In the case of a covered employee who is participating in a covered retirement system, an em- ploying agency shall deduct and withhold only 1.3 per- cent of the basic pay of such employee under— ‘‘(1) section 8334 of title 5, United States Code; ‘‘(2) section 805 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045); ‘‘(3) section 211 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); or ‘‘(4) any provision of any other covered retirement system which requires a participant in the system to make contributions of a portion of the basic pay of the participant; for covered service which is performed after December 31, 1983, and before the earlier of the effective date of a new Government retirement system or January 1, Page 999 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 1987. Deductions shall be made and withheld as pro- vided by such provisions in the case of covered service which is performed on or after such effective date or January 1, 1987, as the case may be, and is not subject to a new Government retirement system. ‘‘(b) Employing agencies of the Government shall make contributions with respect to service to which subsection (a) of this section applies under the second sentence of section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, the second sentence of section 805(a) of the For- eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)), the second sentence of section 211(a) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note), and any provision of any other covered retirement system requiring a contribu- tion by the employing agency, as if subsection (a) of this section had not been enacted. ‘‘REIMBURSEMENT FOR CONTRIBUTION DEFICIENCY ‘‘SEC. 205. (a) For purposes of this section— ‘‘(1) the term ‘contribution deficiency’, when used with respect to a covered retirement system, means the excess of— ‘‘(A) the total amount which, but for section 204(a) of this Act, would have been deducted and withheld under a provision referred to in such sec- tion from the pay of covered employees partici- pating in such retirement system for service to which such section applies, over ‘‘(B) the total amount which was deducted and withheld from the pay of covered employees for such service as provided in section 204(a) of this Act; and ‘‘(2) the term ‘appropriate agency head’ means— ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Personnel Man- agement, with respect to the Civil Service Retire- ment and Disability System under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code; ‘‘(B) the Secretary of State, with respect to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System under chapter 8 of the Foreign Service Retirement Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 404 et seq.) [22 U.S.C. 4041 et seq.]; ‘‘(C) the Director of Central Intelligence, with re- spect to the Central Intelligence Agency Retire- ment and Disability System under the Central In- telligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Cer- tain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); and ‘‘(D) the officer designated by the President for that purpose in the case of any retirement system described in section 203(a)(2)(D) of this Act. ‘‘(b) At the end of each of fiscal years 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987, the appropriate agency head— ‘‘(1) shall determine the amount of the contribution deficiency for such fiscal year in the case of each cov- ered retirement system, including the interest that those contributions would have earned had they been credited to the fund established for the payment of benefits under such retirement system in the same manner and at the same time as deductions under the applicable provision of law referred to in section 204(a) of this Act; and ‘‘(2) shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amount of the contribution deficiency in each such case. ‘‘(c) Before closing the accounts for each of fiscal years 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987, the Secretary of the Treasury shall credit to the fund established for the payment of benefits under each covered retirement sys- tem, as a Government contribution, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to the amount determined under subsection (b) with respect to that covered retirement system for the fiscal year involved. ‘‘(d) Amounts credited to a fund under subsection (c) shall be accounted for separately than amounts cred- ited to such fund under any other provision of law. ‘‘SPECIAL DEPOSIT AND OFFSET RULES RELATING TO RETIREMENT BENEFITS FOR INTERIM COVERED SERVICE ‘‘SEC. 206. (a) For the purposes of this section, the term ‘interim covered service’ means covered service to which section 204(a) applies. ‘‘(b)(1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply according to the provisions thereof only with respect to a covered em- ployee who is employed by the Government on Decem- ber 31, 1983. ‘‘(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the interim covered service of such covered employee shall be considered— ‘‘(i) in determining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity (other than a disability or survivor annuity) commencing under a covered re- tirement system during the period beginning January 1, 1984, and ending on the earlier of the date a new Government retirement system takes effect or Janu- ary 1, 1987, by reason of the retirement of such cov- ered employee during such period only if such cov- ered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such covered service in an amount computed as provided in subsection (f); and ‘‘(ii) in computing a disability or survivor annuity which commences under a covered retirement system during such period and is based in any part on such interim covered service. ‘‘(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an annuity to which subparagraph (A)(ii) applies shall be reduced by the portion of the amount of any benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and is attributable to the in- terim covered service considered in computing the amount of such annuity, as determined under sub- section (g), unless, in the case of a survivor annuity, a covered employee has made a deposit with respect to such covered service for the purposes of subparagraph (A)(i) before the date on which payment of such annu- ity commences. ‘‘(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a new Government retirement system is not established or is inapplicable to such a covered employee who re- tires or dies subject to a covered retirement system after the date on which such new Government retire- ment system takes effect, the interim covered service of such covered employee shall be considered in deter- mining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee only if such cov- ered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such covered service in an amount computed as provided in subsection (f). ‘‘(c)(1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply according to the provisions thereof only with respect to a covered em- ployee who was not employed by the Government on December 31, 1983. ‘‘(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any annuity which commences under a covered retirement system during the period described in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) and is based, in any part, on interim covered service shall be reduced by the portion of the amount of any benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] to the annu- itant and is attributable to such service, as determined under subsection (g). ‘‘(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a new Government retirement system is not established, the interim covered service of such a covered employee who retires or dies after January 1, 1987, shall be con- sidered in determining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee only if such covered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such cov- ered service in an amount computed as provided in sub- section (f). ‘‘(d) If a covered employee with respect to whom sub- section (b)(3) or (c)(3) applies dies without having made Page 1000 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8331 a deposit pursuant to such subsection, any individual who is entitled to an annuity under a covered retire- ment system based on the service of such covered em- ployee or who would be entitled to such an annuity if such deposit had been made by the covered employee before death may make such deposit after the date of death of such covered employee. Service covered by a deposit made pursuant to the first sentence shall be considered in determining, in the case of each indi- vidual to whom the first sentence applies, the entitle- ment to and the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee. ‘‘(e) A reduction in annuity under subsection (b)(2)(B) or (c)(2) shall commence on the first day of the first month after the date on which payment of benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] commence and shall be redetermined each time an increase in such benefits takes effect pursuant to section 215(i) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 415(i)]. In the case of an annuity of a participant or former participant in a covered retirement system, of a surviving spouse or child of such participant or former participant, or of any other person designated by such participant or former participant to receive an annuity, under a covered retirement system (other than a former spouse) the reduction in annuity under subsection (b)(2)(B) or (c)(2) shall be calculated before any reduction in such annuity provided under such sys- tem for the purpose of paying an annuity under such system to any former spouse of such participant or former participant based on the service of such partici- pant or former participant. ‘‘(f) For the purposes of subsection (b) or (c), the amount of a deposit to the credit of the applicable cov- ered retirement system shall be equal to the excess of— ‘‘(1) the total amount which would have been de- ducted and withheld from the basic pay of the cov- ered employee for the interim covered service under such covered retirement system but for the applica- tion of section 204(a), over ‘‘(2) the amount which was deducted and withheld from such basic pay for such interim covered service pursuant to section 204(a) and was not refunded to such covered employee. ‘‘(g) For the purpose of subsections (b)(2)(B) and (c)(2), the portion of the amount of the benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] to an individual and is attributable to interim covered service shall be determined by— ‘‘(1) computing the amount of such benefits includ- ing credit for such service; ‘‘(2) computing the amount of such benefits, if any, without including credit for such service; and ‘‘(3) subtracting the amount computed under clause (2) from the amount computed under clause (1). ‘‘(h) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall furnish to the appropriate agency head (as defined in section 205(a)(2)) such information as such agency head considers necessary to carry out this section. ‘‘TRANSFER OF CREDIT TO NEW RETIREMENT SYSTEM ‘‘SEC. 207. [Repealed. Pub. L. 99–335, title III, § 309, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 607] ‘‘SEC. 208. (a) Any individual performing service of a type referred to in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 210(a)(5) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 410(a)(5)(i)–(iv)] beginning on or before December 31, 1983, may— ‘‘(1) if such individual is then currently a partici- pant in a covered retirement system, elect by written application submitted before January 1, 1984— ‘‘(A) to terminate participation in such system, effective after December 31, 1983; or ‘‘(B) to remain under such system, as if the pre- ceding sections of this Act [probably means this ‘title’] and the amendments made by this Act had not been enacted; or ‘‘(2) if such individual is then currently not a par- ticipant in a covered retirement system, elect by written application— ‘‘(A) to become a participant under such system (if such individual is otherwise eligible to partici- pate in the system), subject to the preceding sec- tions of this Act [probably means this ‘title’] and the amendments made by this Act; or ‘‘(B) to become a participant under such system (if such individual is otherwise eligible to partici- pate in the system), as if the preceding sections of this Act and the amendments made by this Act had not been enacted. ‘‘(b) An application by an individual under subsection (a) shall be submitted to the official by whom such cov- ered employee is paid. ‘‘(c) Any individual who elects to terminate partici- pation in a covered retirement system under subsection (a)(1)(A) is entitled to have such individual’s contribu- tions to the retirement system refunded, in accordance with applicable provisions of law, as if such individual had separated from service as of the effective date of the election. ‘‘(d) Any individual who is eligible to make an elec- tion under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1), but who does not make an election under either such subparagraph, shall be subject to the preceding sections of this Act [probably means this ‘title’] and the amend- ments made by this Act.’’ [Amendment to section 206(c)(3) of Pub. L. 98–168 by section 305(a)(1) of Pub. L. 99–335 directing the substi- tution of ‘‘January 1, 1987’’ for ‘‘January 1, 1986’’ has been executed by substituting ‘‘January 1, 1987’’ for ‘‘April 30, 1986’’ to reflect the probable intent of Con- gress.] [Pub. L. 99–335, title III, § 305(b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 606, provided that: [‘‘(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 98–168 set out above] shall be effec- tive as of May 1, 1986. [‘‘(2) Any refund payable to an individual as a result of paragraph (1) shall be paid out of funds of the appro- priate retirement system. [‘‘(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘retire- ment system’ means a covered retirement system as defined by section 203(a)(2) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1107; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note).’’] [Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director’s capacity as the head of the intelligence com- munity deemed to be a reference to the Director of Na- tional Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Cen- tral Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intel- ligence Agency in the Director’s capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a ref- erence to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agen- cy. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.] [The Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, referred to in Pub. L. 98–168, set out above, is Pub. L. 88–643, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, which was revised generally by Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, § 802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, is known as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act and is classified generally to chapter 38 (§ 2001 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense.] CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT AND PANAMA CANAL COMPANY EMPLOYEES Pub. L. 85–550, § 13, July 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 410, as amended by Pub. L. 87–845, § 2, Oct. 18, 1962, 76A Stat. 697, provided that: ‘‘(a) Effective on and after the first day of the first pay period which begins in the third calendar month following the calendar month in which this Act is en- acted [July 1958]— ‘‘The Act of July 8, 1937 (50 Stat. 478; 68 Stat. 17; Public Numbered 191, Seventy-fifth Congress; Public Law 299, Eighty-third Congress), shall apply only with respect to those individuals within the classes of individuals subject to such Act of July 8, 1937, whose Page 1001 TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES § 8332 1 So in original. Probably should be paragraph ‘‘(14)’’. 2 See References in Text note below. employment shall have been terminated, prior to such first day of such first pay period, in the manner provided by the first section of such Act; and ‘‘(b) On or before the first day of the first pay period which begins in the third calendar month following the calendar month in which this Act is enacted [July 1958], the Panama Canal Company shall pay, as an agency contribution, into the civil service retirement and disability fund created by the Act of May 22, 1920, for each individual— ‘‘(1) who is employed, on such first day of such first pay period, by the Canal Zone Government or by the Panama Canal Company, and ‘‘(2) who, by reason of the enactment of this section and the operation of the Civil Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2251–2267) [this subchapter], is subject to such Act on and after such first day of such first pay period, for service performed by such individual in the employ- ment of— ‘‘(A) the Panama Railroad Company during the pe- riod which began on June 29, 1948, and ended on June 30, 1951, or ‘‘(B) the Panama Canal (former independent agen- cy), the Canal Zone Government, or the Panama Canal Company during the period which began on July 1, 1951, and which ends immediately prior to such first day of such first pay period, an amount equal to the aggregate amount which such individual would have been required to contribute for retirement purposes if he had been subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act during such periods of service. ‘‘(c) Nothing contained in this section shall affect— ‘‘(1) the rights of any individual existing imme- diately prior to such first day of such first pay period above specified, or ‘‘(2) the continuing obligations of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal Company under section 4(a) of the Civil Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2254(a)) [section 8334(a) of this title], to reim- burse the civil service retirement and disability fund for Government contributions to such fund covering service performed, on or after such first day of such first pay period above specified, by the employees concerned.’’ MEMBERS OF CIVILIAN FACULTIES OF UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY AND UNITED STATES NAVAL POST- GRADUATE SCHOOL Act July 31, 1956, ch. 804, title IV, § 402, 70 Stat. 760, provided that: ‘‘(a) On and after the effective date of this title [on the first day of the first month beginning more than sixty days after July 31, 1956] persons employed as members of the civilian faculties of the United States Naval Academy and the United States Naval Post- graduate School shall be included within the terms of the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter], and on and after that date the Act of January 16, 1936 (49 Stat. 1092), as amended [covered by section 7081 et seq. of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall not apply to such per- sons. ‘‘(b) In lieu of the deposit prescribed by section 4(c) of the Civil Service Retirement Act [section 8334(c) of this title] an employee who by virtue of subsection (a) is in- cluded within the terms of such Act [this subchapter] shall deposit, for service rendered prior to the effective date of this title as a member of the civilian faculty of the United States Naval Academy or of the United States Naval Postgraduate School, a sum equal to so much of the repurchase price of his annuity policy car- ried as required by the Act of January 16, 1936, as amended [covered by section 7081 et seq. of Title 10, Armed Forces], as is based on the monthly allotments which were registered with the Navy Allotment Office toward the purchase of that annuity, the deposit to be made within six months after the effective date of this title. Should the deposit not be made within that pe- riod no credit shall be allowed under the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter] for service rendered as a member of the civilian faculty of the United States Naval Academy or of the United States Naval Post- graduate School subsequent to July 31, 1920, and prior to the effective date of this title. If the deposit is made, such service shall be held and considered to be service during which the employee was subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter].’’ Executive Documents EX. ORD. NO. 12461. DESIGNATION AS A FEDERAL RETIREMENT SYSTEM Ex. Ord. No. 12461, Feb. 17, 1984, 49 F.R. 6471, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Federal Employees’ Retirement Contribution Tem- porary Adjustment Act of 1983 (title II of Public Law 98–168) (‘‘the Act’’) [set out as a note above], it is here- by ordered as follows: SECTION 1. The District of Columbia Police and Fire- fighters’ Retirement and Disability System, insofar as it applies to Federal employees who are covered under section 203(a)(1) of the Act [set out as a note above], is designated a covered retirement system under section 203(a)(2)(D) of the Act. The Secretary of the Treasury is designated the appropriate agency head with respect to such system, under section 205(a)(2)(D) of the Act [set out as a note above]. In discharging the responsibilities delegated by this Order, the Secretary shall be guided by the information and recommendations provided by the Mayor of the District of Columbia. SEC. 2. This Order shall be effective as of January 1, 1984. RONALD REAGAN. § 8332. Creditable service (a) The total service of an employee or Mem- ber is the full years and twelfth parts thereof, excluding from the aggregate the fractional part of a month, if any. (b) The service of an employee shall be cred- ited from the date of original employment to the date of separation on which title to annuity is based in the civilian service of the Govern- ment. Except as provided in paragraph (13) 1 of this subsection, credit may not be allowed for a period of separation from the service in excess of 3 calendar days. The service includes— (1) employment as a substitute in the postal field service; (2) service in the Pan American Sanitary Bu- reau; (3) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed before July 10, 1960, as an employee of a county committee es- tablished under section 590h(b) of title 16 or of a committee or an association of producers de- scribed by section 610(b) of title 7; (4) service as a student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title only if he later be- comes subject to this subchapter; (5) a period of satisfactory service of a vol- unteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter; (6) employment under section 709 of title 32 or any prior corresponding provision of law; (7) a period of service of a volunteer under part A of title VIII of the Economic Oppor- tunity Act of 1964, or a period of service of a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least one year’s duration under part A, B,2 or