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25 U.S.C. § 4191 — Authority and requirements

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

25 U.S.C. § 4191 — Authority and requirements

Page 660 TITLE 25—INDIANS § 4184 made under or pursuant to title II of the Cran- ston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.], title IV of the McKin- ney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 11360 et seq.], or section 2 of the HUD Dem- onstration Act of 1993 shall continue to be gov- erned by the provisions of such Acts (as in effect before the date of the effectiveness of the amendments made by this subchapter). (Pub. L. 104–330, title V, § 507, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4045; Pub. L. 106–400, § 2, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1675; Pub. L. 109–281, § 2(d)(2), Sept. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 1181.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, known as the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables. The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised gen- erally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§ 1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables. The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4079. Title II of the Act, known as the HOME Investment Partnerships Act, is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 12721 et seq.) of chapter 130 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Subtitle D of title IV of the Act was clas

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Page 660 TITLE 25—INDIANS § 4184 made under or pursuant to title II of the Cran- ston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.], title IV of the McKin- ney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 11360 et seq.], or section 2 of the HUD Dem- onstration Act of 1993 shall continue to be gov- erned by the provisions of such Acts (as in effect before the date of the effectiveness of the amendments made by this subchapter). (Pub. L. 104–330, title V, § 507, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4045; Pub. L. 106–400, § 2, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1675; Pub. L. 109–281, § 2(d)(2), Sept. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 1181.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, known as the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables. The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised gen- erally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§ 1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables. The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4079. Title II of the Act, known as the HOME Investment Partnerships Act, is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 12721 et seq.) of chapter 130 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Subtitle D of title IV of the Act was classified generally to part C (§ 12899 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 130 of Title 42 prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–281, § 2(e), Sept. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 1181. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12701 of Title 42 and Tables. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, re- ferred to in text, is Pub. L. 100–77, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 482. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to subchapter IV (§ 11360 et seq.) of chapter 119 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11301 of Title 42 and Tables. Section 2 of the HUD Demonstration Act of 1993, re- ferred to in text, is section 2 of Pub. L. 103–120, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1144, which was set out as a note under section 11301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–120, § 2(g). This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original ‘‘this title’’, meaning title V of Pub. L. 104–330, which enacted this subchapter and section 12899h–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amended sec- tions 1437a, 1437c to 1437e, 1437g, 1437l, 1437n, 1437u to 1437x, 1437aaa–5, 1437aaa–6, 1439, 11371 to 11376, 11382, 11401, 11403g, 11408, 11903a, 12747, and 12838 of Title 42, re- pealed sections 1437aa to 1437ee of Title 42, enacted pro- visions set out as notes under sections 11371, 12747, and 12899h–1 of Title 42, amended provisions set out as a note under section 11301 of Title 42, and repealed provi- sions set out as a note under section 1701z–6 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of title V to the Code, see Tables. The date of the effectiveness of the amendments made by this subchapter, referred to in subsec. (b), means the effective date of the amendments made by title V of Pub. L. 104–330, which is Oct. 1, 1997, except as otherwise expressly provided. See section 107 of Pub. L. 104–330, set out as an Effective Date note under sec- tion 4101 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–281 struck out ‘‘subtitle D of title IV of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Afford- able Housing Act,’’ after ‘‘pursuant to’’. 2000—Pub. L. 106–400 substituted ‘‘McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act’’ for ‘‘Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act’’ in subsecs. (a) and (b). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 26, 1996, see section 508 of Pub. L. 104–330, set out as a note under section 4181 of this title. § 4184. Effect on HOME Investment Partnerships Act Nothing in this chapter or an amendment made by this chapter prohibits or prevents any participating jurisdiction (within the meaning of the HOME Investment Partnerships Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.)) from providing any amounts made available to the participating ju- risdiction under that Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.) to an Indian tribe or a tribally designated hous- ing entity for use in accordance with that Act (42 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.). (Pub. L. 104–330, title V, § 509, as added Pub. L. 110–411, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4331.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, known as the Native American Housing As- sistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables. The HOME Investment Partnerships Act, referred to in text, is title II of Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4094, which enacted subchapter II of chapter 130 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amended sec- tion 1437f of Title 42, and repealed section 1706e of Title 12, Banks and Banking, sections 1437o and 1452b of Title 42, and provisions set out as a note under section 1715l of Title 12. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12701 of Title 42 and Tables. SUBCHAPTER VI—FEDERAL GUARANTEES FOR FINANCING FOR TRIBAL HOUSING ACTIVITIES § 4191. Authority and requirements (a) Authority To such extent or in such amounts as provided in appropriations Acts, the Secretary may, sub- ject to the limitations of this subchapter (in- cluding limitations designed to protect and maintain the viability of rental housing units owned or operated by the recipient that were de- veloped under a contract between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.]), and upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, guarantee and make commitments to guarantee, the notes or other obligations issued by Indian tribes or trib- ally designated housing entities with tribal ap- Page 661 TITLE 25—INDIANS § 4192 proval, for the purposes of financing affordable housing activities described in section 4132 of this title and housing related community devel- opment activity as consistent with the purposes of this chapter. (b) Terms of loans Notes or other obligations guaranteed pursu- ant to this subchapter shall be in such form and denominations, have such maturities, and be subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations issued by the Secretary. The Sec- retary may not deny a guarantee under this sub- chapter on the basis of the proposed repayment period for the note or other obligation, unless the period is more than 20 years or the Sec- retary determines that the period causes the guarantee to constitute an unacceptable finan- cial risk. (c) Limitation on outstanding guarantees No guarantee or commitment to guarantee shall be made with respect to any note or other obligation if the total outstanding notes or obli- gations of the issuer guaranteed under this sub- chapter (excluding any amount defeased under the contract entered into under section 4192(a)(1) of this title) would thereby exceed an amount equal to 5 times the amount of the grant approval for the issuer pursuant to sub- chapter III. (d) Limitation on percentage A guarantee made under this subchapter shall guarantee repayment of 95 percent of the unpaid principal and interest due on the notes or other obligations guaranteed. (Pub. L. 104–330, title VI, § 601, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4046; Pub. L. 107–292, § 7, Nov. 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 2054; Pub. L. 108–393, § 2, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2246.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised gen- erally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§ 1437 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of Title 42 and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 104–330, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4016, known as the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4101 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2004—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–393 added subsec. (d). 2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–292, § 7(1), inserted ‘‘and housing related community development activity as consistent with the purposes of this chapter’’ after ‘‘section 4132 of this title’’. Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 107–292, § 7(2), (3), redesig- nated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: ‘‘A guarantee under this sub- chapter may be used to assist an Indian tribe or hous- ing entity in obtaining financing only if the Indian tribe or housing entity has made efforts to obtain such financing without the use of such guarantee and cannot complete such financing consistent with the timely execution of the program plans without such guar- antee.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 104–330, title VI, § 606, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4048, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this sub- chapter] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1996].’’ [Another section 606 of Pub. L. 104–330 is classified to section 4196 of this title.] § 4192. Security and repayment (a) Requirements on issuer To assure the repayment of notes or other ob- ligations and charges incurred under this sub- chapter and as a condition for receiving such guarantees, the Secretary shall require the In- dian tribe or housing entity issuing such notes or obligations to— (1) enter into a contract, in a form accept- able to the Secretary, for repayment of notes or other obligations guaranteed under this subchapter; (2) pledge any grant for which the issuer may become eligible under this chapter; (3) demonstrate that the extent of such issuance and guarantee under this subchapter is within the financial capacity of the tribe and is not likely to impair the ability to use grant amounts under subchapter I, taking into consideration the requirements under section 4133(b) of this title; and (4) furnish, at the discretion of the Sec- retary, such other security as may be deemed appropriate by the Secretary in making such guarantees, including increments in local tax receipts generated by the activities assisted under this chapter or disposition proceeds from the sale of land or rehabilitated prop- erty. (b) Repayment from grant amounts Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter— (1) the Secretary may apply grants pledged pursuant to subsection (a)(2) to any repay- ments due the United States as a result of such guarantees; and (2) grants allocated under this chapter for an Indian tribe or housing entity (including pro- gram income derived therefrom) may be used to pay principal and interest due (including such servicing, underwriting, and other costs as may be specified in regulations issued by the Secretary) on notes or other obligations guaranteed pursuant to this subchapter. (c) Full faith and credit The full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all guarantees made under this subchapter. Any such guarantee made by the Secretary shall be conclusive evi- dence of the eligibility of the obligations for such guarantee with respect to principal and in- terest, and the validity of any such guarantee so made shall be incontestable in the hands of a holder of the guaranteed obligations. (Pub. L. 104–330, title VI, § 602, Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4046.)

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

25 U.S.C. § 4191 — Termination of Indian housing assistance under United States Housing Act of 1937

**(a) Termination of assistance** After September 30, 1997, financial assistance may not be provided under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [[42 U.S.C. 1437](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1437&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] or pursuant to any commitment entered into under such Act, for Indian housing developed or operated pursuant to a contract between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority, unless such assistance is provided from amounts made available for fiscal year 1997 and pursuant to a commitment entered into before September 30, 1997. Any housing that is the subject of a contract for tenant-based assistance between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority that is terminated under this section shall, for the following fiscal year and each fiscal year thereafter, be considered to be a dwelling unit under [section 4152(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section4152/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Termination of restrictions on use of Indian housing** After September 30, 1997, any housing developed or operated pursuant to a contract between the Secretary and an Indian housing authority pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937 [[42 U.S.C. 1437](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1437&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] shall not be subject to any provision of such Act or any annual contributions contract or other agreement pursuant to such Act, but shall be considered and maintained as affordable housing for purposes of this chapter.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 11360 — Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter: (1) **At risk of homelessness** — The term “at risk of homelessness” means, with respect to an individual or family, that the individual or family— (A) has income below 30 percent of median income for the geographic area; (B) has insufficient resources immediately available to attain housing stability; and (C) (i) has moved frequently because of economic reasons; (ii) is living in the home of another because of economic hardship; (iii) has been notified that their right to occupy their current housing or living situation will be terminated; (iv) lives in a hotel or motel; (v) lives in severely overcrowded housing; (vi) is exiting an institution; or (vii) otherwise lives in housing that has characteristics associated with instability and an increased risk of homelessness. Such term includes all families with children and youth defined as homeless under other Federal statutes. (2) **Chronically homeless** (A) *In general* — The term “chronically homeless” means, with respect to an individual or family, that the individual or family— (i) is homeless and lives or resides in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or in an emergency shelter; (ii) has been homeless and living or residing in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or in an emergency shelter continuously for at least 1 year or on at least 4 separate occasions in the last 3 years; and (iii) has an adult head of household (or a minor head of household if no adult is present in the household) with a diagnosable substance use disorder, serious mental illness, developmental disability (as defined in [section 15002 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-ti

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 11360 — Definitions

Page 8147 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 11360 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘of this’’. U.S.C. 11361 note). The amendment made by such sec- tion 821 of such Act shall not take effect.’’ PART A—GENERAL PROVISIONS Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 111–22, div. B, title I, § 1101(1), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1669, substituted ‘‘General Provisions’’ for ‘‘Com- prehensive Homeless Assistance Plan’’ in heading. § 11360. Definitions For purposes of this subchapter: (1) At risk of homelessness The term ‘‘at risk of homelessness’’ means, with respect to an individual or family, that the individual or family— (A) has income below 30 percent of median income for the geographic area; (B) has insufficient resources immediately available to attain housing stability; and (C)(i) has moved frequently because of eco- nomic reasons; (ii) is living in the home of another be- cause of economic hardship; (iii) has been notified that their right to occupy their current housing or living situa- tion will be terminated; (iv) lives in a hotel or motel; (v) lives in severely overcrowded housing; (vi) is exiting an institution; or (vii) otherwise lives in housing that has characteristics associated with instability and an increased risk of homelessness. Such term includes all families with children and youth defined as homeless under other Federal statutes. (2) Chronically homeless (A) In general The term ‘‘chronically homeless’’ means, with respect to an individual or family, that the individual or family— (i) is homeless and lives or resides in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or in an emergency shelter; (ii) has been homeless and living or re- siding in a place not meant for human hab- itation, a safe haven, or in an eme

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 12721 — Labor

**(a) In general** Any contract for the construction of affordable housing with 12 or more units assisted with funds made available under this part shall contain a provision requiring that not less than the wages prevailing in the locality, as predetermined by the Secretary of Labor pursuant to sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40, shall be paid to all laborers and mechanics employed in the development of affordable housing involved, and participating jurisdictions shall require certification as to compliance with the provisions of this section prior to making any payment under such contract. **(b) Waiver** Subsection (a) shall not apply if the individual receives no compensation or is paid expenses, reasonable benefits, or a nominal fee to perform the services for which the individual volunteered and such persons are not otherwise employed at any time in the construction work.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 12721 — Findings

Page 8451 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 12721 the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Nov. 28, 1990]. ‘‘(b) TASK FORCE.—To develop the plan, the Secretary shall form a task force to make recommendation[s] on financing energy efficiency in private mortgages, through the policies of Federal agencies and federally chartered financial institutions, mortgage bankers, homebuilders, real estate brokers, private mortgage in- surers, energy suppliers, and nonprofit housing and en- ergy organizations. The task force shall include, but not be limited to, individuals representing the Federal Housing Administration mortgage programs of the De- partment of Housing and Urban Development, the Farmers Home Administration mortgage loan and in- surance programs of Department of Agriculture, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Federal National Mortgage Association. The Task Force shall determine whether notifying potential home purchasers of the availability of energy efficient mortgages would promote energy efficiency in residen- tial buildings, and if so, the Task Force shall rec- ommend appropriate notification guidelines, and agen- cies and organizations referred to in the preceding sen- tence are authorized to implement such guidelines.’’ ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEMONSTRATION Pub. L. 101–625, title IX, § 961, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4424, directed Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- ment to establish a program to demonstrate various methods of improving the energy efficiency of existing housing, provided for funding, provided that the dem- onstration determine appropriate design, improvement, and rehabilitation methods and practices for increasing residential energy efficiency in housing already con- structed, and directed

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 1437 — Omitted

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Sections 1401 to 1404 were omitted in the general revision of the United States Housing Act of 1937 by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, § 201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653. Section 1401, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, § 1, 50 Stat. 888; July 15, 1949, 338, title III, § 307(a), 63 Stat. 429; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title V, § 501, 73 Stat. 679; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title II, § 206(a), 82 Stat. 504; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, § 211, 84 Stat. 1779, set out declaration of policy. See [section 1437 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1437&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 1402, acts, Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, § 2, 50 Stat. 888; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title III, §§ 302(b), 304(c), (i), 306, 307(b), 63 Stat. 424, 425, 429; Oct. 26, 1951, ch. 577, § 1, 65 Stat. 647; June 30, 1953, 170, § 24(c), 67 Stat. 128; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title IV, § 404(a), 70 Stat. 1104; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title III, § 307, title IV, § 401(a), 71 Stat. 301; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title V, §§ 502, 503(a), 504, 73 Stat. 680; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title II, § 202, 75 Stat. 163; Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title II, § 203(d), title IV, § 401(a), 78 Stat. 784, 794; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §§ 103(b), 104, 79 Stat. 457; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title II, § 209(a), 82 Stat. 505; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title II, § 213(a), title IV, § 403(a), 83 Stat. 389, 395; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, § 208(a), title IX, § 903(c), 84 Stat. 1778, 1808; Dec. 22, 1971, Pub. L. 92–213, § 9, 85 Stat. 776, defined applicable terms. See [section 1437a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 1437 — Declaration of policy and public housing

Page 4526 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1436d rulemaking pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, which will become effective not later than one year from October 28, 1991. On and after October 28, 1991, in establishing standards for approval of such nonprofit insur- ance entities, the Secretary shall be assured that such entities have sufficient surplus capital to meet reasonably expected losses, reliable ac- counting systems, sound actuarial projections, and employees experienced in the insurance in- dustry. The Secretary shall not place restric- tions on the investment of funds of any such en- tity that is regulated by the insurance depart- ment of any State that describes the types of in- vestments insurance companies licensed in such State may make. With regard to such entities that are not so regulated, the Secretary shall es- tablish investment guidelines that are com- parable to State law regulating the investments of insurance companies. On and after October 28, 1991, the Secretary shall not approve additional nonprofit insurance entities until such standards have become final, nor shall the Secretary revoke the approval of any nonprofit insurance entity previously ap- proved by the Department unless for cause and after a due process hearing. On and after October 28, 1991, until the Depart- ment of Housing and Urban Development has adopted regulations specifying the nature and quality of insurance covering the potential per- sonal injury liability exposure of public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities (and their contractors, including architectural and engineering services) as a result of testing and abatement of lead-based paint in federally sub- sidized public and Indian housing units, said au- thori

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