10 U.S.C. § 9453 — Cadets: degree and commission on grad-

Page 3532 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 9452 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 9452. Cadets: hazing (a) Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Superintendent of the Acad- emy shall issue regulations— (1) defining hazing; (2) designed to prevent that practice; and (3) prescribing dismissal, suspension, or other adequate punishment for violations. (b) If a cadet who is charged with violating a regulation issued under subsection (a), the pen- alty for which is or may be dismissal from the Academy, requests in writing a trial by a gen- eral court-martial, he may not be dismissed for that offense except under sentence of such a court. (c) A cadet dismissed from the Academy for hazing may not be reappointed as a cadet, and is ineligible for appointment as a commissioned of- ficer in a regular component of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or in the Space Force, until two years after the graduation of his class. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 566, § 9352; re- numbered § 9452, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 806(a)(3), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 923(d)(13), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3815; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, § 1721(c)(4), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 667.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 9352(a) ..... 9352(b) ..... 9352(c) ..... 10:1163 (1st par.). 10:1163 (1st 32 words of last par.). 10:1163 (last par., less 1st 32 words). Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 804 (2d proviso under ‘‘Perma- nent Establishment’’); restated Apr. 19, 1910, ch. 174 (38th par. under ‘‘Buildings and Grounds’’), 36 Stat. 323. In subsection (a), the word ‘‘violations’’ is sub- stituted for the words ‘‘infractions of the same’’. The words ‘‘to embody a clear’’ are omitted as surplusage. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘the penalty for which is or may be’’ are substituted for the words ‘‘which would involve’’. The words ‘‘may not be dismissed for that of- fense except under sentence of such a court’’ are sub- stituted for the words ‘‘shall be granted’’. In subsection (c), the words ‘‘a regular component’’ are inserted, since the source statute historically ap- plied only to the regular components. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2023—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted ‘‘or Ma- rine Corps, or in the Space Force,’’ for ‘‘Marine Corps, or Space Force,’’. 2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted ‘‘as a cadet’’ for ‘‘as an Air Force cadet’’ and ‘‘Marine Corps, or Space Force’’ for ‘‘or Marine Corps’’. 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 9352 of this title as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 9453. Cadets: degree and commission on grad- uation (a) The Superintendent of the Academy may, under such conditions as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe, confer the degree of bachelor of science upon graduates of the Acad- emy. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a cadet who completes the prescribed course of instruction may, upon graduation, be appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Air Force under section 531 of this title or a sec- ond lieutenant in the Space Force under section 531 or 20201 of this title. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 567, § 9353; Pub. L. 85–861, §§ 1(201), 33(a)(43), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1541, 1567; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 504(25), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2917; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, § 542(d), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1743; renumbered § 9453, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 806(a)(3), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 923(d)(14), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3815; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, § 1721(c)(5), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 667.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1956 ACT Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 9353(a) ..... 9353(b) ..... 10:486a (less last sen- tence). 10:506c(f) (1st sentence, less last 43 words). May 25, 1933, ch. 37 (less last sentence); restated Aug. 9, 1946, ch. 932 (less last sentence); re- stated Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, § 13; restated Aug. 18, 1949, ch. 476 (less last sentence), 63 Stat. 615. Aug. 7, 1947, ch. 512, § 506(f) (1st sentence, less last 43 words), 61 Stat. 892. In subsection (a), the last 27 words are substituted for 10:486a (last sentence). The words ‘‘rules and’’ and ‘‘from and after the date of the accrediting of said Academy’’ are omitted as surplusage. The word ‘‘condi- tions’’ is substituted for the word ‘‘regulations’’. In subsection (b), the words ‘‘except section 541 of this title’’ are inserted to reflect the authority to ap- point graduates of one service academy as officers of another service. 1958 ACT Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 9353(b) ..... 10 App.:1850c(e) (1st sen- tence). July 20, 1956, ch. 646, § 203(e) (1st sentence), 70 Stat. 585. It is unnecessary to include a reference to section 541 of title 10, since that section does not derogate from the authority granted in this section. The change reflects the opinion of the Judge Advo- cate General of the Air Force (July 19, 1957) that the words ‘‘from and after the date of the accrediting of said academies’’ in the source law for section 9353(a) (Act of May 25, 1933, ch. 37 (48 Stat. 73), as amended) Page 3533 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 9455 were a condition precedent to the authority to grant degrees and should not have been omitted. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2023—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–31 struck out ‘‘or in the equivalent grade in the Regular Space Force’’ after ‘‘Regular Air Force’’ and inserted before period at end ‘‘or a second lieutenant in the Space Force under sec- tion 531 or 20201 of this title’’. 2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283 inserted ‘‘or in the equivalent grade in the Regular Space Force’’ after ‘‘Regular Air Force’’. 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 9353 of this title as this section. 1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted ‘‘The’’ for ‘‘After the date of the accrediting of the Academy, the’’. 1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–513 inserted ‘‘under sec- tion 531 of this title’’ after ‘‘Regular Air Force’’. 1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–861, § 33(a)(43), permitted conferring of degrees only after date of accrediting of Academy. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(201), struck out ‘‘except section 541 of this title’’ after ‘‘provision of law’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Sept. 15, 1981, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1958 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 33(a)(43) of Pub. L. 85–861 ef- fective Aug. 10, 1956, see section 33(g) of Pub. L. 85–861, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. § 9454. Buildings and grounds: buildings for reli- gious worship The Secretary of the Air Force may authorize any denomination, sect, or religious body to erect a building for religious worship at the Air Force Academy, if its erection will not interfere with the use of the reservation for military pur- poses and will be without expense to the United States. Such a building shall be removed, or its location changed, without compensation for it and without expense to the United States, by the denomination, sect, or religious body that erected it, whenever in the opinion of the Sec- retary public or military necessity so requires. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 567, § 9354; re- numbered § 9454, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 806(a)(3), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1832.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 9354 ......... 10:1126. July 8, 1898, ch. 636, 30 Stat. 722. The words ‘‘in his discretion’’ and ‘‘Government of’’ are omitted as surplusage. The words ‘‘United States’’ are substituted for the word ‘‘Government’’. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 9354 of this title as this section. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title. § 9455. Board of Visitors (a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is con- stituted annually of— (1) the chair of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, or the designee of such chair; (2) the ranking member of the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, or the designee of the ranking member; (3) two other members of the Senate des- ignated by the Majority Leader of the Senate, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (4) two other members of the Senate des- ignated by the Minority Leader of the Senate, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (5) the chair of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, or the designee of such chair; (6) the ranking member of the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representa- tives, or the designee of the ranking member; (7) two other members of the House of Rep- resentatives designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom is a member of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; (8) one other member of the House of Rep- resentatives designated by the Minority Lead- er of the House of Representatives; and (9) six persons designated by the President. (b)(1) The persons designated by the President serve for three years each except that any mem- ber whose term of office has expired shall con- tinue to serve until his successor is designated by the President. The President shall designate persons each year to succeed the members des- ignated by the President whose terms expire that year. (2) At least two of the members designated by the President shall be graduates of the Acad- emy. (c)(1) If a member of the Board dies or resigns or is terminated as a member of the Board under paragraph (2), a successor shall be designated for the unexpired portion of the term by the official who designated the member. (2)(A) If a member of the Board fails to attend two successive Board meetings, except in a case in which an absence is approved in advance, for good cause, by the Board chairman, such failure shall be grounds for termination from member- ship on the Board. A person designated for mem- bership on the Board shall be provided notice of the provisions of this paragraph at the time of such designation.