42 U.S.C. § 10309 — New spending authority; amounts pro-

Page 8038 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 10306 1 See References in Text note below. (Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 106, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(n), Sept. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 853.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1990—Pub. L. 101–397, in amending section generally, in subsec. (a)(1) struck out provision directing that grant be made on basis of merit and feasibility of project, in subsec. (a)(2) inserted provisions relating to match in the case of institutes established by section 10303 of this title, and in subsec. (c) substituted provi- sions authorizing $6,000,000 appropriation for fiscal years 1990 through 1995, for provisions authorizing the same sum for fiscal years 1985 through 1989, and struck out provisions authorizing obligation of funds under this section and par. (1) and (2) designations. § 10306. Administrative costs From the sums appropriated pursuant to this chapter, not more than 7.5 per centum shall be utilized for administrative costs. (Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 107, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101; Pub. L. 109–471, § 2(f), Jan. 11, 2007, 120 Stat. 3553.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2007—Pub. L. 109–471 substituted ‘‘7.5’’ for ‘‘15’’. § 10307. Types of research and development The type of research and development to be undertaken under the authority of sections 10304 and 10305 of this title and to be encouraged by the institutes established under section 10303 of this title shall include the following: (1) Aspects of the hydrologic cycle; (2) Supply and demand for water; (3) Demineralization of saline and other im- paired waters; (4) Conservation and best use of available supplies of water and methods of increasing such supplies; (5) Water reuse; (6) Depletion, contamination, and degrada- tion of groundwater supplies; (7) Improvements in the productivity of water when used for agricultural, municipal, and commercial purposes; (8) The economic, legal, engineering, social, recreational, biological, geographic, ecologi- cal, and other aspects of water quality and quantity problems; (9) Scientific information dissemination ac- tivities, including identifying, assembling, and interpreting the results of scientific and engi- neering research on water resources problems; and (10) Providing means for improved commu- nication of research results, having due regard for the varying conditions and needs for the respective States and regions. (Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 108, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101; Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(k), (l), Sept. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 853.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1990—Par. (6). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(k), which directed that ‘‘, contamination,’’ be inserted after ‘‘depletion’’, was executed by making the insertion after ‘‘Deple- tion’’ to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Par. (8). Pub. L. 101–397, § 1(l), inserted ‘‘quality and quantity’’ after ‘‘water’’. § 10308. Patent policy Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall be governed by the provi- sions of sections 5908 (except subsections (l) and (n)) and 5909 of this title with respect to patent policy and to the definition of title to and li- censing of inventions made or conceived in the course of work performed, or under any contract or grant made, pursuant to this chapter. Subject to such patent policy, all research or develop- ment contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this chapter shall be provided in such manner that all informa- tion, data, and know-how, regardless of their na- ture or mediums, resulting from such research and development shall (with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary may find to be necessary in the interest of national defense) be usefully available for practice by the general public. (Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 109, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables. § 10309. New spending authority; amounts pro- vided in advance Any new spending authority described in sub- section (c)(2)(A) or (B) of section 651 1 of title 2 which is provided under this chapter shall be ef- fective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts. (Pub. L. 98–242, title I, § 111, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 101.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 651 of title 2, referred to in text, was amended by Pub. L. 105–33, title X, § 10116(a)(3), (5), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 691, by striking out subsec. (c) and redesig- nating former subsec. (d) as (c). This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 98–242, Mar. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 97, known as the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, which is classified principally to this chapter. For Page 8039 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 10343 complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10301 of this title and Tables. § 10310. Produced water research and develop- ment (a) Establishment As soon as possible after December 27, 2020, the Secretary of Energy (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall establish a research and development program on produced water to develop— (1) new technologies and practices to reduce the environmental impact; and (2) opportunities for reprocessing of pro- duced water at natural gas or oil development sites. (b) Prioritization In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give priority to projects that develop and bring to market— (1) effective systems for on-site management or repurposing of produced water; and (2) new technologies or approaches to reduce the environmental impact of produced water on local water sources and the environment. (c) Conduct of program In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall carry out science-based research and development activi- ties to pursue— (1) improved efficiency, technologies, and techniques for produced water recycling sta- tions; and (2) alternative approaches to treating, reusing, storing, or decontaminating produced water. (d) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fis- cal years 2021 through 2025. (Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title IV, § 4008, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2546.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Energy Act of 2020, and not as part of the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 which comprises this chapter. CHAPTER 109A—MEMBRANE PROCESSES RESEARCH Sec. 10341. Findings. 10342. Research program. 10343. Goals of research program. 10344. Coordination with other research. 10345. Authorization of appropriations. § 10341. Findings The Congress finds that— (1) there is an increasing threat of impair- ment to the quantity and quality of the Na- tion’s water resources due to, among other things, growing national needs, recurring drought in the Western States, point and nonpoint source pollution, and saltwater in- trusion into existing groundwater supplies; (2) many communities in the United States have water supplies containing high salinity levels or contaminants which pose health risks; (3) the Nation needs to develop economical processes to treat existing water supplies that are contaminated; (4) it is necessary to provide for research into new techniques to reclaim waste water and to convert saline and other contaminated waters to a quality suitable for municipal, in- dustrial, agricultural, recreational, and other beneficial uses; (5) there is very little Federal funding being applied to basic research in the field of treat- ment of contaminated water through mem- brane processes; and (6) the treatment of contaminated water through membrane processes will solve a wide variety of water treatment problems, includ- ing compliance with the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] and the Safe Drinking Water Act [42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.]. (Pub. L. 102–490, § 2, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in par. (6), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended gen- erally by Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§ 1251 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1251 of Title 33 and Ta- bles. The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in par. (6), is title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93–523, § 2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, which is classified generally to subchapter XII (§ 300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of this title and Tables. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 102–490, § 1, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Membrane Processes Research Act of 1992’.’’ § 10342. Research program The Director of the National Science Founda- tion shall establish a basic research program on membranes and membrane processes. Such pro- gram may be carried out through awarding grants, entering into contracts or cooperative agreements, or direct research. (Pub. L. 102–490, § 3, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.) § 10343. Goals of research program The goals of the research program established under section 10342 of this title shall be— (1) the development of membranes resistant to degradation, bacterial or otherwise, thereby extending the life of such membranes; (2) the development of membranes useful for the efficient and cost effective treatment of contaminated water; and (3) the development of innovative tech- nologies for membrane processes.