42 U.S.C. § 7612 — Economic impact analyses

Page 7399 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 7612 total cost of the project or undertaking in con- nection with which such assistance is given or used, and the amount of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit. (b) Audits The Administrator and the Comptroller Gen- eral of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have access for the purpose of audit and examinations to any books, documents, papers, and records of the re- cipients that are pertinent to the grants re- ceived under this chapter. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title III, § 311, formerly § 11, as added Pub. L. 88–206, § 1, Dec. 17, 1963, 77 Stat. 401; renumbered § 304, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(4), Oct. 20, 1965, 79 Stat. 992; amended Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, Nov. 21, 1967, 81 Stat. 505; re- numbered § 311 and amended Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 12(a), 15(c)(2), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1705, 1713.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1857j of this title. AMENDMENTS 1970—Pub. L. 91–604, § 15(c)(2), substituted ‘‘Adminis- trator’’ for ‘‘Secretary’’ and ‘‘Secretary of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare’’. 1967—Pub. L. 90–148 reenacted section without change. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries MODIFICATION OR RESCISSION OF RULES, REGULATIONS, ORDERS, DETERMINATIONS, CONTRACTS, CERTIFI- CATIONS, AUTHORIZATIONS, DELEGATIONS, AND OTHER ACTIONS All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, con- tracts, certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly issued, made, or taken by or pursu- ant to act July 14, 1955, the Clean Air Act, as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–95 [Aug. 7, 1977] to continue in full force and effect until modified or rescinded in accordance with act July 14, 1955, as amended by Pub. L. 95–95 [this chapter], see section 406(b) of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 7401 of this title. § 7612. Economic impact analyses (a) Cost-benefit analysis The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, and the Council on Clean Air Compliance Anal- ysis (as established under subsection (f) of this section), shall conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of this chapter on the public health, economy, and environment of the United States. In performing such analysis, the Admin- istrator should consider the costs, benefits and other effects associated with compliance with each standard issued for— (1) a criteria air pollutant subject to a standard issued under section 7409 of this title; (2) a hazardous air pollutant listed under section 7412 of this title, including any tech- nology-based standard and any risk-based standard for such pollutant; (3) emissions from mobile sources regulated under subchapter II of this chapter; (4) a limitation under this chapter for emis- sions of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides; (5) a limitation under subchapter VI of this chapter on the production of any ozone-deplet- ing substance; and (6) any other section of this chapter. (b) Benefits In describing the benefits of a standard de- scribed in subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider all of the economic, public health, and environmental benefits of efforts to comply with such standard. In any case where numerical values are assigned to such benefits, a default assumption of zero value shall not be assigned to such benefits unless supported by specific data. The Administrator shall assess how bene- fits are measured in order to assure that damage to human health and the environment is more accurately measured and taken into account. (c) Costs In describing the costs of a standard described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall con- sider the effects of such standard on employ- ment, productivity, cost of living, economic growth, and the overall economy of the United States. (d) Initial report Not later than 12 months after November 15, 1990, the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, and the Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis, shall submit a report to the Congress that summarizes the results of the analysis de- scribed in subsection (a), which reports— (1) all costs incurred previous to November 15, 1990, in the effort to comply with such standards; and (2) all benefits that have accrued to the United States as a result of such costs. (e) Omitted (f) Appointment of Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis Not later than 6 months after November 15, 1990, the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Labor, shall appoint an Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis of not less than nine members (hereafter in this section referred to as the ‘‘Council’’). In appointing such mem- bers, the Administrator shall appoint recognized experts in the fields of the health and environ- mental effects of air pollution, economic anal- ysis, environmental sciences, and such other fields that the Administrator determines to be appropriate. (g) Duties of Advisory Council The Council shall— (1) review the data to be used for any anal- ysis required under this section and make rec- ommendations to the Administrator on the use of such data; (2) review the methodology used to analyze such data and make recommendations to the Administrator on the use of such method- ology; and Page 7400 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 7613 (3) prior to the issuance of a report required under subsection (d) or (e), review the findings of such report, and make recommendations to the Administrator concerning the validity and utility of such findings. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title III, § 312, formerly § 305, as added Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, Nov. 21, 1967, 81 Stat. 505; renumbered § 312 and amended Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 12(a), 15(c)(2), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1705, 1713; Pub. L. 95–95, title II, § 224(c), Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 101–549, title VIII, § 812(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2691.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Subsec. (e) of this section, which required the Admin- istrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Com- merce, the Secretary of Labor, and the Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis, to submit a report to Congress that updates the report issued pursuant to subsec. (d) of this section, and which, in addition, makes projections into the future regarding expected costs, benefits, and other effects of compliance with standards pursuant to this chapter as listed in subsec. (a) of this section, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, the 4th item on page 163 of House Document No. 103–7. Section was formerly classified to section 1857j–1 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1990—Pub. L. 101–549 amended section generally, sub- stituting present provisions for provisions which re- lated to: in subsec. (a), detailed cost estimate, com- prehensive cost and economic impact studies, and an- nual reevaluation; in subsec. (b), personnel study and report to President and Congress; and in subsec. (c), cost-effectiveness analyses. 1977—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–95 added subsec. (c). 1970—Pub. L. 91–604, § 15(c)(2), substituted ‘‘Adminis- trator’’ for ‘‘Secretary’’ wherever appearing. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–95 effective Aug. 7, 1977, ex- cept as otherwise expressly provided, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as a note under section 7401 of this title. TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COUNCILS Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the Presi- dent or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by Congress, its duration is other- wise provided by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. EQUIVALENT AIR QUALITY CONTROLS AMONG TRADING NATIONS Pub. L. 101–549, title VIII, § 811, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2690, provided that: ‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— ‘‘(1) all nations have the responsibility to adopt and enforce effective air quality standards and require- ments and the United States, in enacting this Act [see Tables for classification], is carrying out its re- sponsibility in this regard; ‘‘(2) as a result of complying with this Act, busi- nesses in the United States will make significant cap- ital investments and incur incremental costs in im- plementing control technology standards; ‘‘(3) such compliance may impair the competitive- ness of certain United States jobs, production, proc- esses, and products if foreign goods are produced under less costly environmental standards and re- quirements than are United States goods; and ‘‘(4) mechanisms should be sought through which the United States and its trading partners can agree to eliminate or reduce competitive disadvantages. ‘‘(b) ACTION BY THE PRESIDENT.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Within 18 months after the date of the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 [Nov. 15, 1990], the President shall submit to the Congress a report— ‘‘(A) identifying and evaluating the economic ef- fects of— ‘‘(i) the significant air quality standards and controls required under this Act, and ‘‘(ii) the differences between the significant standards and controls required under this Act and similar standards and controls adopted and enforced by the major trading partners of the United States, on the international competitiveness of United States manufacturers; and ‘‘(B) containing a strategy for addressing such economic effects through trade consultations and negotiations. ‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—(A) The evaluation required under paragraph (1)(A) shall ex- amine the extent to which the significant air quality standards and controls required under this Act are comparable to existing internationally-agreed norms. ‘‘(B) The strategy required to be developed under paragraph (1)(B) shall include recommended options (such as the harmonization of standards and trade ad- justment measures) for reducing or eliminating com- petitive disadvantages caused by differences in stand- ards and controls between the United States and each of its major trading partners. ‘‘(3) PUBLIC COMMENT.—Interested parties shall be given an opportunity to submit comments regarding the evaluations and strategy required in the report under paragraph (1). The President shall take any such comment into account in preparing the report. ‘‘(4) INTERIM REPORT.—Within 9 months after the date of the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amend- ments of 1990 [Nov. 15, 1990], the President shall sub- mit to the Congress an interim report on the progress being made in complying with paragraph (1).’’ GAO REPORTS ON COSTS AND BENEFITS Pub. L. 101–549, title VIII, § 812(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2693, which directed Comptroller General, com- mencing on second year after Nov. 15, 1990, and annu- ally thereafter, in consultation with other agencies, to report to Congress on pollution control strategies and technologies required by Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–316, title I, § 122(r), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3838. § 7613. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–549, title VIII, § 803, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2689 Section, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title III, § 313, for- merly § 306, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90–148, § 2, 81 Stat. 506; renumbered § 313 and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 12(a), 15(c)(2), 84 Stat. 1705, 1713; Aug. 7, 1977, Pub. L. 95–95, title III, § 302(b), 91 Stat. 771, re- quired annual report to Congress on progress of pro- grams under this chapter. § 7614. Labor standards The Administrator shall take such action as may be necessary to insure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or sub- contractors on projects assisted under this chap- ter shall be paid wages at rates not less than