18 U.S.C. § 9 — Vessel of the United States defined

Page 15 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 11 risdiction of the United States’’ have been added. Thus the jurisdictional limitation will be preserved in all sections of said chapter 11 describing an offense. Enumeration of names of Great Lakes was omitted as unnecessary. Other minor changes were necessary now that the section defines a term rather than the place of commis- sion of crime or offense; however, the extent of the spe- cial jurisdiction as originally enacted has been care- fully followed. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in par. (9), is classified to section 1101 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. AMENDMENTS 2001—Par. (9). Pub. L. 107–56 added par. (9). 1994—Par. (8). Pub. L. 103–322 added par. (8). 1984—Par. (7). Pub. L. 98–473 added par. (7). 1981—Par. (6). Pub. L. 97–96 added par. (6). 1952—Par. (5). Act July 12, 1952, added par. (5). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TERRITORIAL SEA EXTENDING TO TWELVE MILES IN- CLUDED IN SPECIAL MARITIME AND TERRITORIAL JU- RISDICTION Pub. L. 104–132, title IX, § 901(a), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1317, provided that: ‘‘The Congress declares that all the territorial sea of the United States, as defined by Presi- dential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988 [set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands], for purposes of Federal criminal jurisdiction is part of the United States, subject to its sovereignty, and is within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States for the purposes of title 18, United States Code.’’ § 8. Obligation or other security of the United States defined The term ‘‘obligation or other security of the United States’’ includes all bonds, certificates of indebtedness, national bank currency, Federal Reserve notes, Federal Reserve bank notes, cou- pons, United States notes, Treasury notes, gold certificates, silver certificates, fractional notes, certificates of deposit, bills, checks, or drafts for money, drawn by or upon authorized officers of the United States, stamps and other representa- tives of value, of whatever denomination, issued under any Act of Congress, and canceled United States stamps. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 685.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 261 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 147, 35 Stat. 1115; Jan. 27, 1938, ch. 10, § 3, 52 Stat. 7). The terms of this section were general enough to jus- tify its inclusion in this chapter rather than retaining it in the chapter on ‘‘Counterfeiting’’ where the terms which it specifically defines are set out in sections 471–476, 478, 481, 483, 492, and 504 of this title. Words ‘‘Federal Reserve notes, Federal Reserve bank notes’’ were inserted before ‘‘coupons’’ because such notes have almost supplanted national bank currency. Minor changes were made in phraseology. § 9. Vessel of the United States defined The term ‘‘vessel of the United States’’, as used in this title, means a vessel belonging in whole or in part to the United States, or any cit- izen thereof, or any corporation created by or under the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory, District, or possession thereof. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 685.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 501 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 310, 35 Stat. 1148). Section is made applicable to the entire title rather than to sections 481 et seq. of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Minor changes in phraseology were made. § 10. Interstate commerce and foreign commerce defined The term ‘‘interstate commerce’’, as used in this title, includes commerce between one State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Colum- bia and another State, Territory, Possession, or the District of Columbia. The term ‘‘foreign commerce’’, as used in this title, includes commerce with a foreign country. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 686.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 408, 408b, 414(a), and 419a(b) (Oct. 29, 1919, ch. 89, § 2(b), 41 Stat. 325; June 22, 1932, ch. 271, § 2, 47 Stat. 326; May 18, 1934, ch. 301, 48 Stat. 782; May 22, 1934, ch. 333, § 2(a), 48 Stat. 794; Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 366, § 2(b), 55 Stat. 631). This section consolidates into one section identical definitions contained in sections 408, 408b, 414(a), and 419a(b) of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. In addition to slight improvements in style, the word ‘‘commerce’’ was substituted for ‘‘transportation’’ in order to avoid the narrower connotation of the word ‘‘transportation’’ since ‘‘commerce’’ obviously includes more than ‘‘transportation.’’ The word ‘‘Possession’’ was inserted in two places to make the definition more accurate and comprehensive since the places included in the word ‘‘Possession’’ would normally be within the term defined and a narrower construction should be handled by express statutory exclusion in those crimes which Congress intends to restrict to commerce within the continental United States. § 11. Foreign government defined The term ‘‘foreign government’’, as used in this title except in sections 112, 878, 970, 1116, and 1201, includes any government, faction, or body of insurgents within a country with which the United States is at peace, irrespective of recognition by the United States. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 686; Pub. L. 94–467, § 11, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 2001.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 98, 288, 349; sec- tion 235 of title 22 U.S.C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse; section 41 of title 50, U.S.C., 1940 ed., War and National Defense (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, § 4, 40 Stat. 226). The definition of ‘‘foreign government’’ contained in this section, with minor changes in phraseology, is from section 4 of title VIII of act June 15, 1917 (Ch. 30, 40 Stat. 217, 226), known as the Espionage Act of 1917. This definition was incorporated in sections 98, 288, and 349 of title 18 and in section 235 of title 22, Foreign Re- lations and Intercourse, and in section 41 of Title 50, War and National Defense, U.S.C., all in 1940 ed., since the definition was specifically enacted with reference to said sections and others not material here. The remaining provisions of said sections 98 and 349 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which were derived from sources other than said section 4 of title VIII of the act