22 U.S.C. § 2152k — Assistance to improve early childhood

Page 660 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2152j–4 1 So in original. ensure effective physical security and meaning- ful participation of women in conflict preven- tion and peace building. (Pub. L. 115–68, § 7, Oct. 6, 2017, 131 Stat. 1205.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter. § 2152j–4. Definitions In sections 2152j to 2152j–4 of this title: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com- mittees’’ means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Com- mittee on Appropriations of the of the 1 House of Representatives. (2) Relevant Federal departments and agencies The term ‘‘relevant Federal departments and agencies’’ means— (A) the United States Agency for Inter- national Development; (B) the Department of State; (C) the Department of Defense; (D) the Department of Homeland Security; and (E) any other department or agency speci- fied by the President for purposes of sections 2152j to 2152j–4 of this title. (3) Stakeholders The term ‘‘stakeholders’’ means non-govern- mental and private sector entities engaged in or affected by conflict prevention and sta- bilization, peace building, protection, secu- rity, transition initiatives, humanitarian re- sponse, or related efforts. (Pub. L. 115–68, § 9, Oct. 6, 2017, 131 Stat. 1206.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter. § 2152k. Assistance to improve early childhood outcomes globally (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com- mittees’’ means— (A) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. (2) Early childhood development The term ‘‘early childhood development’’ means the development and learning of a child younger than 8 years of age, including phys- ical, cognitive, social, and emotional develop- ment and approaches to learning that allow a child to reach his or her full developmental potential. (3) Early childhood development program The term ‘‘early childhood development pro- gram’’ means a program that seeks to ensure that every child has the conditions for healthy growth, nurturing family-based care, develop- ment and learning, and protection from vio- lence, exploitation, abuse, and neglect, which may include— (A) a health, safe water, sanitation, and hygiene program that serves pregnant women, children younger than 5 years of age, and the parents of such children; (B) a nutrition program, combined with stimulating child development activity; (C) age appropriate cognitive stimulation, especially for newborns, infants, and tod- dlers, including an early childhood interven- tion program for children experiencing at- risk situations, developmental delays, dis- abilities, and behavioral and mental health conditions; (D) an early learning (36 months and younger), preschool, and basic education program for children until they reach 8 years of age or complete primary school; or (E) a child protection program, with an emphasis on the promotion of permanent, safe, and nurturing families, rather than placement in residential care or institu- tions, including for children with disabil- ities. (4) Relevant Federal departments and agencies The term ‘‘relevant Federal departments and agencies’’ means— (A) the Department of State; (B) the United States Agency for Inter- national Development; (C) the Department of the Treasury; (D) the Department of Labor; (E) the Department of Education; (F) the Department of Agriculture; (G) the Department of Defense; (H) the Department of Health and Human Services, including— (i) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and (ii) the National Institutes of Health; (I) the Millennium Challenge Corporation; (J) the Peace Corps; and (K) any other department or agency speci- fied by the President for the purposes of this section. (5) Residential care The term ‘‘residential care’’ means care pro- vided in any non-family-based group setting, including orphanages, transit or interim care centers, children’s homes, children’s villages or cottage complexes, group homes, and board- Page 661 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2152k ing schools used primarily for care purposes as an alternative to a children’s home. (b) Statement of policy It is the policy of the United States— (1) to support early childhood development in relevant foreign assistance programs, in- cluding by integrating evidence-based, effi- cient, and effective interventions into relevant strategies and programs, in coordination with partner countries, other donors, international organizations, international financial institu- tions, local and international nongovern- mental organizations, private sector partners, and civil society, including faith-based and community-based organizations; and (2) to encourage partner countries to lead early childhood development initiatives that include incentives for building local capacity for continued implementation and measurable results, by— (A) scaling up the most effective, evidence- based, national interventions, including for the most vulnerable populations and chil- dren with disabilities and developmental delays, with a focus on adaptation to coun- try resources, cultures, and languages; (B) designing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs in a manner that enhances their quality, transparency, eq- uity, accountability, efficiency and effec- tiveness in improving child and family out- comes in partner countries; and (C) utilizing and expanding innovative public-private financing mechanisms. (c) Implementation (1) In general Not later than 1 year after January 1, 2021, the Administrator of the United States Agen- cy for International Development on behalf of the President and in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall direct relevant Fed- eral departments and agencies— (A) to incorporate, to the extent practical and relevant, early childhood development into foreign assistance programs to be car- ried out during the following 5 fiscal years; and (B) to promote inclusive early childhood development in partner countries. (2) Elements In carrying out paragraph (1), the Adminis- trator, the Secretary, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies as appropriate shall— (A) build on the evidence and priorities outlined in ‘‘Advancing Protection and Care for Children in Adversity: A U.S. Govern- ment Strategy for International Assistance 2019–2023’’, published in June 2019 (referred to in this section as ‘‘APCCA’’); (B) to the extent practicable, identify evi- dence-based strategic priorities, indicators, outcomes, and targets, particularly empha- sizing the most vulnerable populations and children with disabilities and developmental delays, to support inclusive early childhood development; (C) support the design, implementation, and evaluation of pilot projects in partner countries, with the goal of taking such projects to scale; (D) support inclusive early childhood de- velopment within all relevant sector strate- gies and public laws, including— (i) the Global Water Strategy required under section 2152h(j) of this title; (ii) the whole-of-government strategy re- quired under section 9304 of this title; (iii) the Basic Education Strategy set forth in section 2151c(c) of this title; (iv) the U.S. Government Global Nutri- tion Coordination Plan, 2016–2021; and (v) APCCA; and others as appropriate; (E) improve coordination with foreign gov- ernments and international and regional or- ganizations with respect to official country policies and plans to improve early child- hood development, maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition care, basic edu- cation, water, sanitation and hygiene, and child protection plans which promote nur- turing, appropriate, protective, and perma- nent family care, while reducing the per- centage of children living outside of family care, including in residential care or on the street; and (F) consult with partner countries, other donors, international organizations, inter- national financial institutions, local and international nongovernmental organiza- tions, private sector partners and faith- based and community-based organizations, as appropriate. (d) Annual report on the implementation of the strategy The Special Advisor for Children in Adversity shall include, in the annual report required under section 2152g of this title, which shall be submitted to the appropriate congressional com- mittees and made publicly available, a descrip- tion of— (1) the progress made toward integrating early childhood development interventions into relevant strategies and programs; (2) the efforts made by relevant Federal de- partments and agencies to implement sub- section (c), with a particular focus on the ac- tivities described in such subsection; and (3) the progress achieved during the report- ing period toward meeting the goals, objec- tives, benchmarks, and timeframes described in subsection (c) at the program level, along with specific challenges or gaps that may re- quire shifts in targeting or financing in the following fiscal year. (e) Interagency task force The Special Advisor for Assistance to Orphans and Vulnerable Children should establish and regularly convene an Interagency Working Group on Children in Adversity which, among other things, will coordinate— (1) intergovernmental and interagency moni- toring, evaluation, and reporting of the activi- ties carried out pursuant to this section; (2) early childhood development initiatives that include children with a variety of needs and circumstances; and (3) United States Government early child- hood development programs, strategies, and Page 662 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE §§ 2161, 2162 partnerships across relevant Federal depart- ments and agencies. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 137, as added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1283(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3985.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries RULE OF CONSTRUCTION Nothing in enactment of this section to be construed to restrict or abrogate any other authorization for United States Agency for International Development activities or programs, see section 1285 of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 2152f of this title. PART II—OTHER PROGRAMS SUBPART I—MULTILATERAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS §§ 2161, 2162. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(1)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942 Section 2161, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 201, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, § 102, Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 102(a), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 88–633, pt. I, § 101, Oct. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 1009; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 102(a), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 102(a), (b), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 447; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 101(a), Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 960, related to the establishment by the President of the Development Loan Fund. See section 2151(b) of this title. Section 2162, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 202, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 102(b), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 102(b), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 102(c), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 447; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 101(b), Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 101(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 101(a), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21, related to authorization of appropriations, availability of funds, and encouragement of develop- ment through private enterprise. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. § 2163. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–189, § 3(b), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 717 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 203, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 101(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 101(b), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 93–189, § 3(a), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 93–559, § 6, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1796, authorized use of not more than 50 per centum of dollar receipts scheduled to be paid during each of the fiscal years 1974 and 1975 from loans made under this subchapter and predecessor foreign assistance legislation for making loans under part I of this subchapter for each such fis- cal year, and disposition of dollar receipts paid on and after July 1, 1975. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective July 1, 1975, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93–189. § 2164. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(1)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 204, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 427, related to the establishment, duties and ap- pointment of officers of the Development Loan Com- mittee. The provisions of this section were redesig- nated as subsec. (e) of section 2151t of this title by sec- tion 102(d)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 95–424. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. § 2165. Repealed. Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 101(d), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 205, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, § 102(a), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 102(c), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 102(d), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 447, provided for use of international lending or- ganizations. § 2166. Regional development in Africa The President is requested to seek and to take appropriate action, in cooperation and consulta- tion with African and other interested nations and with international development organiza- tions, to further and assist in the advancement of African regional development institutions, in- cluding the African Development Bank, with the view toward promoting African economic devel- opment. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 206, as added Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, § 102(b), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 653.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries AFRICAN ASSISTANCE POLICY; PRESIDENTIAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 93–559, § 49, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1816, which related to Presidential review and report on African as- sistance policy, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(8), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560. PORTUGUESE AFRICAN TERRITORIES OF ANGOLA, MO- ZAMBIQUE, AND GUINEA-BISSAU: INDEPENDENCE POLICY Pub. L. 93–559, § 50, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1816, as amended by Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(8), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560, provided that: ‘‘(a)(1) Congress finds that the Government of Por- tugal’s recognition of the right to independence of the African territories of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau marks a significant advance toward the goal of self-determination for all the peoples of Africa, without which peace on the continent is not secure. ‘‘(2) Congress finds that progress toward independ- ence for the Portuguese African territories will have a significant impact on the international organizations and the community of nations. ‘‘(3) Congress commends the Portuguese Govern- ment’s initiatives on these fronts as evidence of a reaf- firmation of that Government’s support for her obliga- tions under both the United Nations Charter and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ‘‘(b) Therefore, Congress calls upon the President and the Secretary of State to take the following actions de- signed to make clear United States support for a peace- ful and orderly transition to independence in the Por- tuguese African territories: ‘‘(1) An official statement should be issued of United States support for the independence of An- gola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau, and of our de- sire to have good relations with the future govern- ments of the countries. ‘‘(2) It should be made clear to the Government of of Portugal that we view the efforts toward a peace-