7 U.S.C. § 1301 — Definitions

Page 590 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 SUBCHAPTER II—LOANS, PARITY PAY- MENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MAR- KETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CER- TIFICATES PART A—DEFINITIONS, LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, AND CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS § 1301. Definitions (a) General definitions For the purposes of this subchapter and the declaration of policy— (1)(A) The ‘‘parity price’’ for any agricul- tural commodity, as of any date, shall be de- termined by multiplying the adjusted base price of such commodity as of such date by the parity index as of such date. (B) The ‘‘adjusted base price’’ of any agricul- tural commodity, as of any date, shall be (i) the average of the prices received by farmers for such commodity, at such times as the Sec- retary may select during each year of the ten- year period ending on the 31st of December last before such date, or during each mar- keting season beginning in such period if the Secretary determines use of a calendar year basis to be impracticable, divided by (ii) the ratio of the general level of prices received by farmers for agricultural commodities during such period to the general level of prices re- ceived by farmers for agricultural commod- ities during the period January 1910 to Decem- ber 1914, inclusive. As used in this subpara- graph, the term ‘‘prices’’ shall include war- time subsidy payments made to producers under programs designed to maintain max- imum prices established under the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942. (C) The ‘‘parity index’’, as of any date, shall be the ratio of (i) the general level of prices for articles and services that farmers buy, wages paid hired farm labor, interest on farm indebt- edness secured by farm real estate, and taxes on farm real estate, for the calendar month ending last before such date to (ii) the general level of such prices, wages, rates, and taxes during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive. (D) The prices and indices provided for here- in, and the data used in computing them, shall be determined by the Secretary, whose deter- mination shall be final. (E) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub- paragraph (A) of this paragraph, the transi- tional parity price for any agricultural com- modity, computed as provided in this subpara- graph, shall be used as the parity price for such commodity until such date after January 1, 1950, as such transitional parity price may be lower than the parity price, computed as provided in subparagraph (A) of this para- graph, for such commodity. The transitional parity price for any agricultural commodity as of any date shall be— (i) its parity price determined in the man- ner used prior to the effective date of the Agricultural Act of 1948, less (ii) 5 per centum of the parity price so de- termined multiplied by the number of full calendar years (not counting 1956 in the case of basic agricultural commodities) which, as of such date, have elapsed after January 1, 1949, in the case of non-basic agricultural commodities, and after January 1, 1955, in the case of the basic agricultural commod- ities. (F) Notwithstanding the provisions of sub- paragraphs (A) and (E) of this paragraph, if the parity price for any agricultural commodity, computed as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (E) of this paragraph, appears to be seri- ously out of line with the parity prices of other agricultural commodities, the Secretary may, and upon the request of a substantial number of interested producers shall, hold public hearings to determine the proper rela- tionship between the parity price of such com- modity and the parity prices of other agricul- tural commodities. Within sixty days after commencing such hearing the Secretary shall complete such hearing, proclaim his findings as to whether the facts require a revision of the method of computing the parity price of such commodity, and put into effect any revi- sion so found to be required. (G) Notwithstanding the foregoing provi- sions of this section, the parity price for any basic agricultural commodity, as of any date during the six-year period beginning January 1, 1950, shall not be less than its parity price computed in the manner used prior to October 31, 1949. (2) ‘‘Parity’’, as applied to income, shall be that gross income from agriculture which will provide the farm operator and his family with a standard of living equivalent to those af- forded persons dependent upon other gainful occupation. ‘‘Parity’’ as applied to income from any agricultural commodity for any year, shall be that gross income which bears the same relationship to parity income from agriculture for such year as the average gross income from such commodity for the pre- ceding ten calendar years bears to the average gross income from agriculture for such ten calendar years. (3) The term ‘‘interstate and foreign com- merce’’ means sale, marketing, trade, and traffic between any State or Territory or the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, and any place outside thereof; or between points with- in the same State or Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, through any place outside thereof; or within any Terri- tory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico. (4) The term ‘‘affect interstate and foreign commerce’’ means, among other things, in such commerce, or to burden or obstruct such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof; or to create or tend to create a surplus of any agricultural commodity which burdens or ob- structs such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof. (5) The term ‘‘United States’’ means the sev- eral States and Territories and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. (6) The term ‘‘State’’ includes a Territory and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. (7) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- retary of Agriculture, and the term ‘‘Depart- ment’’ means the Department of Agriculture. Page 591 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 (8) The term ‘‘person’’ means an individual, partnership, firm, joint-stock company, cor- poration, association, trust, estate, or any agency of a State. (9) The term ‘‘corn’’ means field corn. (b) Definitions applicable to one or more com- modities For the purposes of this subchapter— (1)(A) ‘‘Actual production’’ as applied to any acreage of corn means the number of bushels of corn which the local committee determines would be harvested as grain from such acreage if all the corn on such acreage were so har- vested. In case of a disagreement between the farmer and the local committee as to the ac- tual production of the acreage of corn on the farm, or in case the local committee deter- mines that such actual production is substan- tially below normal, the local committee, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, shall weigh representative samples of ear corn taken from the acreage involved, make proper deductions for moisture content, and deter- mine the actual production of such acreage on the basis of such samples. (B) ‘‘Actual production’’ of any number of acres of cotton, rice or peanuts on a farm means the actual average yield for the farm times such number of acres. (2) ‘‘Bushel’’ means in the case of ear corn that amount of ear corn, including not to ex- ceed 151⁄2 per centum of moisture content, which weighs seventy pounds, and in the case of shelled corn, means that amount of shelled corn including not to exceed 151⁄2 per centum of moisture content, which weighs fifty-six pounds. (3)(A) ‘‘Carry-over’’, in the case of corn, rice, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be the quantity of the commodity on hand in the United States at the beginning of such mar- keting year, not including any quantity which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current. (B) ‘‘Carry-over’’ of cotton for any mar- keting year shall be the quantity of cotton on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any part of the crop which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current. (C) ‘‘Carry-over’’ of wheat, for any mar- keting year shall be the quantity of wheat on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any wheat which was produced in the United States dur- ing the calendar year then current, and not in- cluding any wheat held by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under the Federal Crop Insurance Act [7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.]. (4)(A) ‘‘Commercial corn-producing area’’ shall include all counties in which the average production of corn (excluding corn used as si- lage) during the ten calendar years imme- diately preceding the calendar year for which such area is determined, after adjustment for abnormal weather conditions, is four hundred and fifty bushels or more per farm and four bushels or more for each acre of farm land in the county. (B) Whenever prior to February 1 of any cal- endar year the Secretary has reason to believe that any county which is not included in the commercial corn-producing area determined pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subsection, but which borders upon one of the counties in such area, or that any minor civil division in a county bordering on such area, is producing (excluding corn used for si- lage) an average of at least four hundred and fifty bushels of corn per farm and an average of at least four bushels for each acre of farm land in the county or in the minor civil divi- sion, as the case may be, he shall cause imme- diate investigation to be made to determine such fact. If, upon the basis of such investiga- tion, the Secretary finds that such county or minor civil division is likely to produce corn in such average amounts during such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination and, commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be included in the commer- cial corn-producing area. In the case of a coun- ty included in the commercial corn-producing area pursuant to this subparagraph, whenever prior to February 1 of any calendar year the Secretary has reason to believe that facts jus- tifying the inclusion of such county are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made with respect thereto. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such facts are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination, and commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be excluded from the com- mercial corn-producing area. (5) ‘‘Farm consumption’’ of corn means con- sumption by the farmer’s family, employees, or household, or by his work stock; or con- sumption by poultry or livestock on his farm if such poultry or livestock, or the products thereof, are consumed or to be consumed by the farmer’s family, employees, or household. (6)(A) ‘‘Market’’, in the case of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat, means to dispose of, in raw or processed form, by voluntary or involuntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos, and, in the case of corn and wheat, by feeding (in any form) to poultry or livestock which, or the products of which, are sold, bartered, or exchanged, or to be so disposed of, but does not include disposing of any such commodities as premium to the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under the Federal Crop Insurance Act [7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.]. (B) ‘‘Marketed’’, ‘‘marketing’’, and ‘‘for mar- ket’’ shall have corresponding meanings to the term ‘‘market’’ in the connection in which they are used. (C) ‘‘Market’’, in the case of peanuts, means to dispose of peanuts, including farmers’ stock peanuts, shelled peanuts, cleaned peanuts, or peanuts in processed form, by voluntary or in- voluntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos. (7) ‘‘Marketing year’’ means, in the case of the following commodities, the period begin- ning on the first and ending with the second date specified below: Corn, September 1–August 31; Cotton, August 1–July 31; Rice, August 1–July 31; Page 592 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘consumed’’. Tobacco (flue-cured), July 1–June 30; Tobacco (other than flue-cured), October 1–September 30; Wheat, June 1–May 31. (8)(A) ‘‘National average yield’’ as applied to cotton or wheat shall be the national average yield per acre of the commodity during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and dur- ing the five calendar years in the case of cot- ton, preceding the year in which such national average yield is used in any computation au- thorized in this subchapter, adjusted for ab- normal weather conditions and, in the case of wheat, but not in the case of cotton, for trends in yields. (B) ‘‘Projected national yield’’ as applied to any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the national yield per harvested acre of the commodity during each of the five cal- endar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected national yield is deter- mined, adjusted for abnormal weather condi- tions affecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production practices. (9) ‘‘Normal production’’ as applied to any number of acres of corn or rice means the nor- mal yield for the farm times such number of acres. ‘‘Normal production’’ as applied to any number of acres of cotton or wheat means the projected farm yield times such number of acres. (10)(A) ‘‘Normal supply’’ in the case of corn, rice, wheat, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be (i) the estimated domestic con- sumption of the commodity for the marketing year ending immediately prior to the mar- keting year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (ii) the estimated exports of the commodity for the marketing year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (iii) an allowance for carry-over. The allow- ance for carry-over shall be the following per- centage of the sum of the consumption and ex- ports used in computing normal supply: 15 per centum in the case of corn; 10 per centum in the case of rice; 20 per centum in the case of wheat; and 15 per centum in the case of pea- nuts. In determining normal supply the Sec- retary shall make such adjustments for cur- rent trends in consumption and for unusual conditions as he may deem necessary. (B) The ‘‘normal supply’’ of cotton for any marketing year shall be the estimated domes- tic consumption of cotton for the marketing year for which such normal supply is being de- termined, plus the estimated exports of cotton for such marketing year, plus, 30 per centum of the sum of such consumption and exports as an allowance for carry-over. (11)(A) ‘‘Normal year’s domestic consump- tion’’, in the case of corn and wheat, shall be the yearly average quantity of the com- modity, wherever produced, that was cosumed 1 in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption. (B) ‘‘Normal year’s domestic consumption’’, in the case of cotton, shall be the yearly aver- age quantity of the commodity produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, ad- justed for current trends in such consumption. (C) ‘‘Normal year’s domestic consumption’’, in the case of rice, shall be the yearly average quantity of rice produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States dur- ing the five marketing years immediately pre- ceding the marketing year in which such con- sumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption. (12) ‘‘Normal year’s exports’’ in the case of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat shall be the year- ly average quantity of the commodity pro- duced in the United States that was exported from the United States during the ten mar- keting years (or, in the case of rice, the five marketing years) immediately preceding the marketing year in which such exports are de- termined, adjusted for current trends in such exports. (13)(A) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–703, title III, § 320(1), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 625. (B) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the county, adjusted for ab- normal weather conditions, during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is deter- mined. For 1942, the normal yield for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the av- erage yield per acre for peanuts for the coun- ty, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclu- sive, are equally as representative, such period may be used in determining the normal yields for counties in the State. (C) In applying subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, if for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, shall be used as the actual yield for such year. In applying such subparagraphs, if, on account of drought, flood, insect pests, plant disease, or other uncontrollable natural cause, the yield in any year of such ten-year period or five-year period, as the case may be, is less than 75 per centum of the average (com- puted without regard to such year) such year shall be eliminated in calculating the normal yield per acre. (D) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any county, in the case of rice and wheat, shall be the average yield per acre of rice or wheat, as the case may be, for the county during the five cal- endar years immediately preceding the year for which such normal yield is determined in the case of rice, or during the five years imme- diately preceding the year in which such nor- mal yield is determined in the case of wheat, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in yields. If for any such year data Page 593 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, taking into consideration the yields obtained in surrounding counties during such year and the yield in years for which data are available, shall be used as the actual yield for such year. (E) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any farm, in the case of rice and wheat, shall be the average yield per acre of rice or wheat, as the case may be, for the farm during the five calendar years im- mediately preceding the year for which such normal yield is determined in the case of rice, or during the five years immediately pre- ceding the year in which such normal yield is determined in the case of wheat, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in yields. If for any such year the data are not available or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations issued by the Sec- retary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, trends in yields, the nor- mal yield for the county, the yields obtained on adjacent farms during such year and the yield in years for which data are available. (F) In applying subparagraphs (D) and (E) of this paragraph, if on account of drought, flood, insect pests, plant disease, or other uncontrol- lable natural cause, the yield for any year of such five-year period is less than 75 per cen- tum of the average, 75 per centum of such av- erage shall be substituted therefor in calcu- lating the normal yield per acre. If, on ac- count of abnormally favorable weather condi- tions, the yield for any year of such five-year period is in excess of 125 per centum of the av- erage, 125 per centum of such average shall be substituted therefor in calculating the normal yield per acre. (G) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any farm, in the case of corn or peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of corn or peanuts, as the case may be, for the farm, adjusted for abnormal weath- er conditions, during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined. For 1942, the nor- mal yield for any farm, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the farm, adjusted for abnormal condi- tions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, ex- cept that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representa- tive, such period may be used in determining normal yields for farms in the county. If for any such year the data are not available or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, the normal yield for the county, and the yield in years for which data are available. (H) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any county, for any crop of cotton, shall be the average yield per acre of cotton for the county, adjusted for ab- normal weather conditions and any significant changes in production practices during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which the national marketing quota for such crop is proclaimed. If for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, shall be used as the actual yield for such year. (I) ‘‘Normal yield’’ for any farm, for any crop of cotton, shall be the average yield per acre of cotton for the farm, adjusted for abnor- mal weather conditions and any significant changes in production practices during the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is deter- mined. If for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, the normal yield for the county, changes in production practices, and the yield in years for which data are available. (J) ‘‘Projected county yield’’ for any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such commodity in the county during each of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected county yield is deter- mined, adjusted for abnormal weather condi- tions affecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production practices. (K) ‘‘Projected farm yield’’ for any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such commodity on the farm during each of the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected farm yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions af- fecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production prac- tices, but in no event shall such projected farm yield be less than the normal yield for such farm as provided in subparagraph (E) of this paragraph. (L) ‘‘Projected national, State, and county yields’’ for any crop of cotton shall be deter- mined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such crop in the United States, the State and the county, respectively, during each of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected yield for the United States, the State, and the county, respectively, is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields, and for any significant changes in production practices. (M) ‘‘Projected farm yield’’ for any crop of cotton shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such crop on the farm during each of the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected farm yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields, and for any significant changes in production practices, but in no event shall such projected farm yield be less than the normal yield for such farm as provided in subparagraph (I) of this paragraph. (14) ‘‘Reserve supply level’’, in the case of corn, shall be a normal year’s domestic con- sumption and exports of corn plus 10 per cen- tum of a normal year’s domestic consumption Page 594 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 and exports, to insure a supply adequate to meet domestic consumption and export needs in years of drought, flood, or other adverse conditions, as well as in years of plenty. (15)(A) ‘‘Total supply’’ of wheat, corn, rice, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be the carry-over of the commodity for such mar- keting year, plus the estimated production of the commodity in the United States during the calendar year in which such marketing year begins and the estimated imports of the commodity into the United States during such marketing year. (B) ‘‘Total supply’’ of cotton for any mar- keting year shall be the carry-over at the be- ginning of such marketing year, plus the esti- mated production of cotton in the United States during the calendar year in which such marketing year begins and the estimated im- ports of cotton into the United States during such marketing year. (c) Use of Federal statistics The latest available statistics of the Federal Government shall be used by the Secretary in making the determinations required to be made by the Secretary under this chapter. (d) Exclusion of stocks of certain commodities In making any determination under this chap- ter or under the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] with respect to the carryover of any agricultural commodity, the Secretary shall exclude from such determination the stocks of any commodity acquired pursuant to, or under the authority of, the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (60 Stat. 596) [50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.]. (Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, § 301, 52 Stat. 38; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §§ 2–4, 52 Stat. 202; June 13, 1940, ch. 360, § 1, 54 Stat. 392; July 2, 1940, ch. 521, §§ 3–5, 54 Stat. 727, 728; Nov. 22, 1940, ch. 914, §§ 1, 3, 4, 54 Stat. 1209, 1210; Nov. 25, 1940, ch. 917, 54 Stat. 1211; Apr. 3, 1941, ch. 39, §§ 2, 3, 55 Stat. 91, 92; July 9, 1942, ch. 497, § 1(4), (5), 56 Stat. 654; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, § 201(a), (b), (d), (e), 62 Stat. 1250; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, § 2(a), 63 Stat. 675; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §§ 409(a)–(d), 415(c)–(e), 418(b), (c), 63 Stat. 1056–1058, 1062; July 8, 1952, ch. 587, 66 Stat. 442; July 17, 1952, ch. 933, § 1, 66 Stat. 758; July 14, 1953, ch. 194, § 6, 67 Stat. 152; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §§ 301, 302, 68 Stat. 902; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, § 502, title VI, § 602, 70 Stat. 212, 213; Pub. L. 85–92, § 1, July 10, 1957, 71 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, § 320, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 625; Pub. L. 88–297, title I, § 106(5)–(7), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 89–321, title IV, § 403, title V, §§ 509, 511(a), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1197, 1204, 1205; Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, § 405(b), Nov. 30, 1970, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 94–61, § 1, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 302; Pub. L. 97–218, title III, § 303(a), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 99–198, title X, § 1020, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, § 1103(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1610, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, § 611(f), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), was act Jan. 30, 1942, ch. 26, 56 Stat. 23, which was classified to section 901 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and which terminated June 30, 1947. For effective date of the Agricultural Act of 1948, re- ferred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E)(i), see Effective Date of 1948 Amendment note set out under section 624 of this title with reference to title I of said act, and Effective Date of 1948 Amendment note set out below with ref- erence to titles II and III of said Act. The Federal Crop Insurance Act, referred to in sub- sec. (b)(3)(C), (6)(A), is subtitle A of title V of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 72, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1501 et seq.) of chapter 36 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1501 of this title and Tables. The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§ 1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables. The Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, as revised generally by Pub. L. 96–41, § 2, July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319, which is classified generally to sub- chapter III (§ 98 et seq.) of chapter 5 of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 98 of Title 50 and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2004—Subsec. (b)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(1), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which defined ‘‘carry-over’’ of tobacco for any marketing year. Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(2), struck out ‘‘tobacco,’’ after ‘‘rice,’’. Subsec. (b)(10)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(3), re- designated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former sub- par. (B) which defined ‘‘normal supply’’ in the case of tobacco. Subsec. (b)(11)(B). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(4), struck out ‘‘and tobacco’’ after ‘‘cotton’’. Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(5), struck out ‘‘tobacco,’’ after ‘‘rice,’’. Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(6), struck out ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(14)’’ and subpars. (B) to (D) which defined ‘‘reserve supply level’’ of tobacco, ‘‘reserve stock level’’ in the case of Flue-cured tobacco, and ‘‘reserve stock level’’ in the case of Burley tobacco. Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(7), (10), redesig- nated par. (16) as (15) and struck out former par. (15) which defined ‘‘tobacco’’ and ‘‘kind of tobacco’’. Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(10), redesig- nated par. (16) as (15). Subsec. (b)(16)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(8), re- designated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former sub- par. (B) which defined ‘‘total supply’’ of tobacco for any marketing year. Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 108–357, § 611(f)(9), struck out par. (17) which defined ‘‘domestic manufacturer of ciga- rettes’’. 2002—Subsec. (b)(14)(C). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted ‘‘60,000,000’’ for ‘‘100,000,000’’ in cl. (i) and ‘‘10 percent’’ for ‘‘15 percent’’ in cl. (ii). 1986—Subsec. (b)(14)(C), (D). Pub. L. 99–272, § 1103(a)(1), added subpars. (C) and (D). Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 99–272, § 1103(a)(2), added par. (17). 1985—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 99–198 substituted ‘‘Corn, September 1–August 31’’ for ‘‘Corn, October 1–September 30’’. 1982—Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 97–218 inserted proviso that for purposes of section 1314e of this title, types 22 and 23, fire-cured tobacco shall be treated as one ‘‘kind of tobacco’’. Page 595 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301 1975—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 94–61 substituted ‘‘Wheat, June 1–May 31’’ for ‘‘Wheat, July 1–June 30’’. 1973—Subsec. (b)(13)(K). Pub. L, 91–524, § 405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, temporarily inserted ‘‘(five cal- endar years in the case of wheat)’’ after ‘‘three cal- endar years’’. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1973 Amendment note below. 1965—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 89–321, § 509(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 89–321, § 511(a), struck out ‘‘cot- ton’’ and ‘‘wheat’’ in first sentence, and inserted defini- tion of normal production when applied to any number of acres of cotton or wheat. Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 89–321, §§ 403, 509(2), added sub- pars. (J), (K), (L), and (M). 1964—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 88–297, § 106(5)–(7), struck out ‘‘cotton or’’ before ‘‘peanuts’’ in subpar. (B) in two places, struck out ‘‘, cotton,’’ after ‘‘corn’’ in subpar. (G) in two places, and added subpars. (H) and (I), respec- tively. 1962—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 87–703 struck out par. (A) which defined ‘‘normal yield’’ for any county in the case of corn or wheat; inserted in pars. (D) and (E) ‘‘and wheat’’ after ‘‘in the case of rice’’, ‘‘or wheat, as the case may be,’’ after ‘‘per acre of rice’’, and ‘‘in the case of rice, or during the five years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined in the case of wheat’’ after ‘‘determined’’; and struck out from par. (G) ‘‘wheat,’’ after ‘‘corn,’’ in two places, ‘‘and, in the case of wheat, but not in the case of corn, cotton, or peanuts, for trends in yields’’ after ‘‘abnor- mal weather conditions’’, ‘‘ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and’’ before ‘‘five calendar years’’ and ‘‘in the case of corn, cotton, or peanuts’’ after ‘‘five cal- endar years’’. 1957—Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 85–92 inserted proviso re- lating to treatment of type 21 fire-cured tobacco as a ‘‘kind of tobacco’’. 1956—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act May 28, 1956, § 602, inserted ‘‘(not counting 1956 in the case of basic agricultural commodities)’’ after ‘‘full calendar years’’. Subsec. (b)(13). Act May 28, 1956, § 502, limited deter- mination of normal yield provided for in subpar. (D) only to counties and authorized adjustments for abnor- mal weather conditions and for trends in yields, added subpars. (E) and (F), and redesignated subpar. (E) as (G). 1954—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act Aug. 28, 1954, § 301, changed definition of ‘‘transitional parity price’’ as ap- plied to basic agricultural commodities so as to make it ‘‘old parity’’ less 5 per centum for each full year elapsed since Jan. 1, 1955, instead of Jan. 1, 1949. Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 28, 1954, § 302, increased carry- over allowance from 10 per centum to 15 per centum in case of corn and from 15 per centum to 20 per centum in case of wheat in subpar. (10)(A), and provided for computing county and farm ‘‘normal yields’’ on the basis of 5-year yields instead of 10-year yields in case of corn in subpars. (13)(A) and (13)(E). 1953—Subsec. (d). Act July 14, 1953, added subsec. (d). 1952—Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act July 17, 1952, extended dual parity provisions for two years. Subsec. (b)(3)(C), (16)(B). Act July 8, 1952, provided for computation of carry-over as of Jan. 1st, following the beginning of the marketing year instead of Oct. 1st the beginning of the marketing year. 1949—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 409(a), in- serted last sentence. Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 409(b), inserted ‘‘, wages paid hired farm labor’’ after ‘‘buy’’ and ‘‘, wages’’ after ‘‘such prices’’. Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 409(c), added sub- par. (G). Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 418(b), included the actual production of rice. Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 415(e), repealed amendatory provisions of act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, § 201(c), 62 Stat. 1250. Act Aug. 29, 1949, § 2(a)(1), changed definition of ‘‘carry-over’’ of cotton by excluding United States cot- ton on hand outside the United States. Subsec. (b)(9). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 418(c), included nor- mal production of rice. Subsec. (b)(10(A). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 409(d), increased from 7 per centum to 10 per centum the carryover al- lowance for corn. Act Aug. 29, 1949, § 2(a)(2), made provision inappli- cable to cotton. Subsec. (b)(10)(C). Act Aug. 29, 1949, § 2(a)(2), added subpar. (C) which was also reenacted by act Oct. 31, 1949, § 415(c). Subsec. (b)(16)(A). Act Oct. 31, 1949, § 415(d), struck out ‘‘cotton,’’ after ‘‘corn,’’. Act Aug. 29, 1949, § 2(a)(3), made provision inappli- cable to cotton. Subsec. (b)(16)(C). Act Aug. 29, 1949, § 2(a)(3), added subpar. (C) which was also reenacted by act Oct. 31, 1949, § 415(d). 1948—Subsec. (a). Act July 3, 1948, § 201(a), struck out paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserted new paragraphs (1) and (2) to change the method of computing parity prices to give recognition to changes in relationships among the prices of agricultural commodities them- selves which have occurred since the base period 1910 to 1914, and redefined ‘‘parity’’. Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Act July 3, 1948, § 201(b), redefined ‘‘carry-over’’ in the case of corn, rice, and peanuts. Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Act July 3, 1948, § 201(c), redefined ‘‘carry-over’’ in the case of cotton. Subsec. (b)(10). Act July 3, 1948, § 201(d), redefined ‘‘normal supply’’. Subsec. (b)(16). Act July 3, 1948, § 201(e), redefined ‘‘total supply’’. 1942—Subsec. (b)(13)(B). Act July 9, 1942, § 1(4), in- serted ‘‘or peanuts’’ after ‘‘cotton’’ wherever appearing, and added a new sentence reading ‘‘For 1942, the normal yield for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre for peanuts for the county, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representa- tive, such period may be used in determining the nor- mal yields for counties in the State’’. Subsec. (b)(13)(E). Act July 9, 1942, § 1(5), struck out ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘wheat’’ and before ‘‘cotton’’ wherever ap- pearing, inserted ‘‘or peanuts’’ after ‘‘cotton’’ wherever appearing, and inserted after first sentence ‘‘For 1942, the normal yield for any farm, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the farm, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as rep- resentative, such period may be used in determining normal yields for farms in the county’’. 1941—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Act April 3, 1941, § 2, inserted ‘‘or peanuts’’ after ‘‘cotton’’. Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Act Apr. 3, 1941, § 3, added subpar. (C). 1940—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Nov. 22, 1940, § 3, inserted ‘‘and, in the case of Burley and flue-cured tobacco, shall be the period August 1934 to July 1939; except that the August 1919–July 1929 base period shall be used in allocating any funds appropriated prior to September 1, 1940’’ after ‘‘July, 1929’’ in last sentence. Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Act June 13, 1940, inserted excep- tion. Former subsec. (b)(6)(C), (D) were omitted in amend- ment to subsec. (b)(6) by act July 2, 1940. Subsec. (b)(13)(A). Act July 2, 1940, § 4, among other changes inserted ‘‘or wheat’’ after ‘‘corn’’ wherever ap- pearing and substituted ‘‘county’’ for ‘‘farm’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (b)(13)(B). Act July 2, 1940, § 5, among other changes, struck out ‘‘wheat or’’ before ‘‘cotton’’ and ‘‘and, in the case of wheat but not in the case of cotton, for trends in yields, during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and’’ after ‘‘weather conditions’’. Subsec. (b)(13)(E). Act Nov. 25, 1940, in first sentence substituted ‘‘in which such normal yield is determined’’ for ‘‘with respect to such normal yield is used in any computation authorized under this title’’. Page 596 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1301a Subsec. (b)(15). Act Nov. 22, 1940, §§ 1, 4, among other changes substituted ‘‘Fire-cured tobacco comprising types 21, 22, 23, and 24; Dark air-cured tobacco com- prising types 35 and 36’’ for ‘‘Fire-cured and dark air cured tobacco comprising types 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, and 37’’ and inserted proviso at end of last sentence. 1938—Subsec. (b)(13). Act Apr. 7, 1938, substituted ‘‘county’’ for ‘‘farm’’ in subpars. (A) and (B) and added subpar. (E). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under sec- tion 518 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1975 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 94–61, § 2, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 302, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall become effective June 1, 1975’’. EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 1973 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, § 405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 91–524 is effective with respect to the 1974 through 1977 crops. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1965 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 89–321, title V, § 511(a), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205, provided that the amendment made by that sec- tion is effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in 1966. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1962 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 87–703, title III, § 323, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 626, provided that: ‘‘The amendments to the Agricul- tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, and to Pub- lic Law 74, Seventy-seventh Congress, as amended, made by sections 310 through 322 of this Act [enacting sections 1334b and 1339 of this title, amending this sec- tion and sections 1331 to 1336, 1340, 1371 and 1385 of this title, and repealing section 1337 of this title] shall be in effect only with respect to programs applicable to the crops planted for harvest in the calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and the marketing years begin- ning in the calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year’’. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT Act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, § 415(a), (b), 63 Stat. 1057, provided that: ‘‘(a) Except as modified by this Act or by Public Law 272 [see Tables for classification], Eighty-first Con- gress, sections 201(b), 201(d), 201(e), 203, 207(a), and 208 of the Agricultural Act of 1948 [amending this section and sections 1312, 1322, and 1328 of this title] shall be effec- tive for the purpose of taking any action with respect to the 1950 and subsequent crops upon the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1949]. If the time within which any such action is required to be taken shall have elapsed prior to the enactment of this Act, such action shall be taken within thirty days after the enactment of the Act. ‘‘(b) No provision of the Agricultural Act of 1948 shall be deemed to supersede any provision of Public Law 272, Eighty-first Congress.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1948 AMENDMENT Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title III, § 303, 62 Stat. 1259, provided that: ‘‘Titles II and III of this Act [amending this section and sections 602, 608c, 612c, 672, 1301a, 1302, 1312, 1322, 1328, 1333, 1335, 1336, 1343, 1345, 1355, and 1385 of this title and repealing sections 608e and 1322a of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1950.’’ SAVINGS PROVISION Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any pro- vision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title. RULEMAKING PROCEDURES Pub. L. 99–272, title I, § 1108(c), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 95, provided that: ‘‘The Secretary of Agriculture shall implement sections 1102 through 1109, and the amend- ments made by such sections [enacting sections 1314g, 1314h, and 1445–3 of this title, amending this section and sections 1312, 1314c, 1314e, 1372, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1314c, 1314e, 1314g, 1314h, 1372, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title], without regard to the provisions requiring notice and other procedures for public participation in rulemaking contained in section 553 of title 5, United States Code, or in any directive of the Secretary.’’ STUDY OF METHODS OF IMPROVING PARITY FORMULA Act May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title VI, § 602, 70 Stat. 213, required the Secretary to make a thorough study of the possible methods of improving the parity formula and report thereon, with specific recommendations, includ- ing drafts of necessary legislation to carry out such recommendations, to Congress not later than Jan. 31, 1957. Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain ex- ceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title. Administration of program of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, § 501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Functions of Bureau of Agricultural Economics transferred to other units of Department of Agriculture under Secretary’s memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. § 1301a. References to parity prices, etc., in other laws after January 1, 1950 All references in other laws to— (1) parity, (2) parity prices, (3) prices comparable to parity prices, or (4) prices to be determined in the same man- ner as provided by the Agricultural Adjust- ment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] prior to its amendment by this Act for the determina- tion of parity prices, with respect to prices for agricultural commod- ities and products thereof, shall hereafter be deemed to refer to parity prices as determined in accordance with the provisions of section 301(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1301(a)(1)], as amended by this Act. (July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title III, § 302(f), 62 Stat. 1258.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in par. (4), is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.