49 U.S.C. § 48102 — Research and development

Page 1706 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 48102 System/Automated Weather Observing System Up- grade’’ in heading. 2017—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 115–63 added par. (6). 2016—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–190 amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: ‘‘$2,058,333,333 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on July 15, 2016.’’ Pub. L. 114–141 amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: ‘‘$1,300,000,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on March 31, 2016.’’ 2015—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–55 added par. (5). 2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–95, § 102(a), added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) to (8) which au- thorized appropriations for fiscal years 2004 through 2011, and for the period beginning Oct. 1, 2011, and end- ing Feb. 17, 2012. Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 112–91 amended par. (8) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: ‘‘$917,704,544 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on January 31, 2012.’’ Subsecs. (c) to (i). Pub. L. 112–95, § 102(b), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (c) and (d), respectively, and struck out former subsecs. (c), (d), (e), (h), and (i), which related, respectively, to enhanced safety and se- curity for aircraft operations in the Gulf of Mexico, operational benefits of wake vortex advisory system, ground-based precision navigational aids, standby power efficiency program, and pilot program to provide incentives for development of new technologies. 2011—Subsec. (a)(7), (8). Pub. L. 112–30 added pars. (7) and (8). 2010—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–216 amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: ‘‘$2,453,539,493 for the period beginning on October 1, 2009, and ending on August 1, 2010.’’ Pub. L. 111–197 amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: ‘‘$2,220,252,132 for the period beginning on October 1, 2009, and ending on July 3, 2010.’’ Pub. L. 111–161 amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: ‘‘$1,712,785,083 for the 7-month period beginning on October 1, 2009.’’ Pub. L. 111–153 amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: ‘‘$1,466,888,500 for the 6-month period beginning on October 1, 2009.’’ 2009—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 111–12 substituted ‘‘$2,742,095,000 for fiscal year 2009’’ for ‘‘$1,360,188,750 for the 6-month period beginning on October 1, 2008’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–116 amended par. (6) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: ‘‘$733,444,250 for the 3-month period beginning on Octo- ber 1, 2009.’’ Pub. L. 111–69 added par. (6). 2008—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–330 added par. (5). 2003—Subsec. (a)(1) to (5). Pub. L. 108–176, § 102(1), added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out formers par. (1) to (5) which read as follows: ‘‘(1) $2,131,000,000 for fiscal year 1999. ‘‘(2) $2,689,000,000 for fiscal year 2000. ‘‘(3) $2,656,765,000 for fiscal year 2001. ‘‘(4) $2,914,000,000 for fiscal year 2002. ‘‘(5) $2,981,022,000 for fiscal year 2003.’’ Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 108–176, § 102(2), (3), added subsecs. (c) to (e), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (b), and struck out former subsecs. (b), (d) and (e), which related, respectively, to major airway capital in- vestment plan changes, universal access systems, and the Alaska National Air Space Interfacility Commu- nications System. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–176, § 102(4), struck out ‘‘for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2000’’ after ‘‘appropriated under subsection (a)’’ and inserted ‘‘may be used’’ after ‘‘may be necessary’’. Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 108–176, § 102(5), added sub- secs. (h) and (i). 2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–181, § 102(a), added pars. (1) to (5) and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows: ‘‘(1) $2,068,000,000 for fiscal year 1997. ‘‘(2) $2,129,000,000 for fiscal year 1998. ‘‘(3) $2,131,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.’’ Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–181, § 102(b), added subsec. (d). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–181, § 102(c), added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–181, § 102(d), added subsec. (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–181, § 102(e), added subsec. (g). 1999—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–6 added par. (3). 1996—Pub. L. 104–264, § 102(b)(1), inserted ‘‘and equip- ment’’ after ‘‘facilities’’ in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–264, § 102(a), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which read as follows: ‘‘(1) For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1991–1993, $8,200,000,000. ‘‘(2) For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1991–1994, $10,724,000,000. ‘‘(3) For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1991–1995, $13,394,000,000. ‘‘(4) For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1991–1996, $16,129,000,000.’’ 1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–305, § 102(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘For’’ for ‘‘for’’. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–305, § 102(a)(2), substituted ‘‘For’’ for ‘‘for’’ and ‘‘$10,724,000,000’’ for ‘‘$11,100,000,000’’. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–305, § 102(a)(3), substituted ‘‘For’’ for ‘‘for’’ and ‘‘$13,394,000,000’’ for ‘‘$14,000,000,000’’. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–305, § 102(a)(4), added par. (4). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fis- cal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as other- wise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 106–181 applicable only to fis- cal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Except as otherwise specifically provided, amend- ment by Pub. L. 104–264 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for a fiscal year end- ing before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L. 104–264, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT REPORTS Pub. L. 108–176, title I, § 184, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2517, directed the Administrator of the Federal Avia- tion Administration to report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure every 6 months on the 10 largest programs funded under this section until Dec. 12, 2007. FUNDING FOR AVIATION PROGRAMS Pub. L. 106–181, title I, § 106(a)–(c), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 72, 73, which related to budget resources made available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund through fiscal year 2003, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–176, title I, § 104(c), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2497. § 48102. Research and development (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Not more than the following amounts may be appro- priated to the Secretary of Transportation out of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund estab- lished under section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9502) for conducting civil aviation research and development under sec- Page 1707 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 48102 tions 44504, 44505, 44507, 44509, and 44511–44513 of this title: (1) for fiscal year 2004, $346,317,000, includ- ing— (A) $65,000,000 for Improving Aviation Safe- ty; (B) $24,000,000 for Weather Safety Re- search; (C) $27,500,000 for Human Factors and Aeromedical Research; (D) $30,000,000 for Environmental Research and Development, of which $20,000,000 shall be for research activities related to reducing community exposure to civilian aircraft noise or emissions; (E) $7,000,000 for Research Mission Support; (F) $10,000,000 for the Airport Cooperative Research Program; (G) $1,500,000 for carrying out subsection (h) of this section; (H) $42,800,000 for Advanced Technology Development and Prototyping; (I) $30,300,000 for Safe Flight 21; (J) $90,800,000 for the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development; (K) $9,667,000 for Airports Technology-Safe- ty; and (L) $7,750,000 for Airports Technology-Effi- ciency; (2) for fiscal year 2005, $356,192,000, includ- ing— (A) $65,705,000 for Improving Aviation Safe- ty; (B) $24,260,000 for Weather Safety Re- search; (C) $27,800,000 for Human Factors and Aeromedical Research; (D) $30,109,000 for Environmental Research and Development, of which $20,000,000 shall be for research activities related to reducing community exposure to civilian aircraft noise or emissions; (E) $7,076,000 for Research Mission Support; (F) $10,000,000 for the Airport Cooperative Research Program; (G) $1,650,000 for carrying out subsection (h) of this section; (H) $43,300,000 for Advanced Technology Development and Prototyping; (I) $31,100,000 for Safe Flight 21; (J) $95,400,000 for the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development; (K) $2,200,000 for Free Flight Phase 2; (L) $9,764,000 for Airports Technology-Safe- ty; and (M) $7,828,000 for Airports Technology-Effi- ciency; (3) for fiscal year 2006, $352,157,000, includ- ing— (A) $66,447,000 for Improving Aviation Safe- ty; (B) $24,534,000 for Weather Safety Re- search; (C) $28,114,000 for Human Factors and Aeromedical Research; (D) $30,223,000 for Environmental Research and Development, of which $20,000,000 shall be for research activities related to reducing community exposure to civilian aircraft noise or emissions; (E) $7,156,000 for Research Mission Support; (F) $10,000,000 for the Airport Cooperation Research Program; (G) $1,815,000 for carrying out subsection (h) of this section; (H) $42,200,000 for Advanced Technology Development and Prototyping; (I) $23,900,000 for Safe Flight 21; (J) $100,000,000 for the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development; (K) $9,862,000 for Airports Technology-Safe- ty; and (L) $7,906,000 for Airports Technology-Effi- ciency; (4) for fiscal year 2007, $356,261,000, includ- ing— (A) $67,244,000 for Improving Aviation Safe- ty; (B) $24,828,000 for Weather Safety Re- search; (C) $28,451,000 for Human Factors and Aeromedical Research; (D) $30,586,000 for Environmental Research and Development, of which $20,000,000 shall be for research activities related to reducing community exposure to civilian aircraft noise or emissions; (E) $7,242,000 for Research Mission Support; (F) $10,000,000 for the Airport Cooperation Research Program; (G) $1,837,000 for carrying out subsection (h) of this section; (H) $42,706,000 for Advanced Technology Development and Prototyping; (I) $24,187,000 for Safe Flight 21; (J) $101,200,000 for the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development; (K) $9,980,000 for Airports Technology-Safe- ty; and (L) $8,000,000 for Airports Technology-Effi- ciency; (5) $171,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; (6) $190,500,000 for fiscal year 2010; (7) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; (8) $168,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015; (9) $166,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 and 2017; (10) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; (11) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; (12) $199,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; (13) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; (14) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; (15) $214,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; (16) $280,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; (17) $311,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; (18) $323,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; (19) $334,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and (20) $345,000,000 for fiscal year 2028. (b) RESEARCH PRIORITIES.—(1) The Adminis- trator shall prioritize safety in considering the advice and recommendations of the research ad- visory committee established by section 44508 of this title in establishing priorities among major categories of research and development activi- ties carried out by the Federal Aviation Admin- istration. (2) As safety related activities shall be the highest research priority, at least 70 percent of the amount appropriated under subsection (a) of Page 1708 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 48102 this section shall be for safety research and de- velopment projects. (3) At least 15 percent of the amount appro- priated under subsection (a) of this section shall be for long-term research projects. (c) TRANSFERS BETWEEN CATEGORIES.—(1) Not more than 10 percent of the net amount author- ized for a category of projects and activities in a fiscal year under subsection (a) of this section may be transferred to or from that category in that fiscal year. (2) The Secretary may transfer more than 10 percent of an authorized amount to or from a category only after— (A) submitting a written explanation of the proposed transfer to the Committees on Science and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation and Ap- propriations of the Senate; and (B) 30 days have passed after the explanation is submitted or each Committee notifies the Secretary in writing that it does not object to the proposed transfer. (d) AIRPORT CAPACITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP- MENT.—(1) Of the amounts made available under subsection (a) of this section, at least $25,000,000 may be appropriated each fiscal year for re- search and development under section 44505(a) and (c) of this title on preserving and enhancing airport capacity, including research and devel- opment on improvements to airport design standards, maintenance, safety, operations, and environmental concerns. (2) The Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Science and Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on ex- penditures made under paragraph (1) of this sub- section for each fiscal year. The report shall be submitted not later than 60 days after the end of the fiscal year. (e) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE RE- SEARCH.—Necessary amounts may be appro- priated to the Secretary out of amounts in the Fund available for research and development to conduct research under section 44506(a) and (b) of this title. (f) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts ap- propriated under subsection (a) of this section remain available until expended. (g) ANNUAL SUBMISSION OF THE NATIONAL AVIA- TION RESEARCH PLAN.—The Administrator shall submit the national aviation research plan to Congress no later than the date that is 30 days after the date of submission of the President’s budget request to Congress for that fiscal year, as required under section 44501(c). (h) RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM INVOLVING UN- DERGRADUATE STUDENTS.— (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall es- tablish a program to utilize undergraduate and technical colleges, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Hispanic Serving Institutions, in research on subjects of relevance to the Federal Aviation Adminis- tration. Grants may be awarded under this subsection for— (A) research projects to be carried out at primarily undergraduate institutions and technical colleges; (B) research projects that combine re- search at primarily undergraduate institu- tions and technical colleges with other re- search supported by the Federal Aviation Administration; (C) research on future training require- ments on projected changes in regulatory re- quirements for aircraft maintenance and power plant licensees; or (D) research on the impact of new tech- nologies and procedures, particularly those related to aircraft flight deck and air traffic management functions, on training require- ments for pilots and air traffic controllers. (2) NOTICE OF CRITERIA.—Within 6 months after the date of the enactment of the FAA Research, Engineering, and Development Au- thorization Act of 1998, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall es- tablish and publish in the Federal Register criteria for the submittal of proposals for a grant under this subsection, and for the awarding of such grants. (3) PRINCIPAL CRITERIA.—The principal cri- teria for the awarding of grants under this subsection shall be— (A) the relevance of the proposed research to technical research needs identified by the Federal Aviation Administration; (B) the scientific and technical merit of the proposed research; and (C) the potential for participation by un- dergraduate students in the proposed re- search. (4) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-BASED EVALUATION.— Grants shall be awarded under this subsection on the basis of evaluation of proposals through a competitive, merit-based process. (Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1294; Pub. L. 103–305, title III, § 302, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1589; Pub. L. 104–264, title XI, §§ 1102, 1103, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3278; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(9), (74), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389, 3396; Pub. L. 105–155, §§ 2, 3, Feb. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 106–181, title IX, § 901, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 194; Pub. L. 108–176, title VII, §§ 701, 707, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2574, 2582; Pub. L. 110–330, § 8, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3719; Pub. L. 111–12, § 8, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 111–69, § 8, Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2056; Pub. L. 111–116, § 8, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3033; Pub. L. 111–153, § 8, Mar. 31, 2010, 124 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 111–161, § 8, Apr. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1128; Pub. L. 111–197, § 8, July 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 111–216, title I, § 107, Aug. 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 2350; Pub. L. 112–30, title II, § 208, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 112–91, § 8, Jan. 31, 2012, 126 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 112–95, title IX, § 901(a), (b), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 137; Pub. L. 114–55, title I, § 105, Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 114–141, title I, § 105, Mar. 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 324; Pub. L. 114–190, title I, § 1105, July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 618; Pub. L. 115–63, title I, § 106, Sept. 29, 2017, 131 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 115–141, div. M, title I, § 106, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title VII, § 703, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3409; Pub. L. 118–15, div. B, title II, § 2205, Sept. 30, 2023, 137 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 118–34, title I, Page 1709 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 48102 § 105, Dec. 26, 2023, 137 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 118–41, title I, § 105, Mar. 8, 2024, 138 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 118–63, title X, §§ 1002, 1004(b), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1386.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 48102(a) ...... 49 App.:2202(a)(24). Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, § 503(a)(24), 96 Stat. 674; Dec. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–223, § 103(c)(1), 101 Stat. 1488. 49 App.:2205(b)(2) (1st sentence). Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, § 506(b)(2), 96 Stat. 678; re- stated Dec. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–223, § 105(b)(1), 101 Stat. 1490; Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L. 100–591, § 7, 102 Stat. 3014; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, § 9202, 104 Stat. 1388–372; Oct. 31, 1992, Pub. L. 102–581, § 302, 106 Stat. 4895. 48102(b) ...... 49 App.:2205(b)(2) (last sentence). 48102(c) ...... 49 App.:2205(b)(3). Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, § 506(b)(3), (5), 96 Stat. 678; restated Dec. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–223, § 105(b)(1), 101 Stat. 1491. 48102(d) ...... 49 App.:2205(b)(4). Sept. 30, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, § 506(b)(4), 96 Stat. 678; re- stated Dec. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–223, § 105(b)(1), 101 Stat. 1491; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, § 9203, 104 Stat. 1388–373. 48102(e) ...... 49 App.:1353 (note). Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L. 100–591, § 8(d), 102 Stat. 3016; Nov. 17, 1988, Pub. L. 100–685, § 604, 102 Stat. 4103. 48102(f) ....... 49 App.:2205(b)(5). In subsections (a) and (b), as to applicability of sec- tion 305(b) of the Airport and Airway Safety, Capacity, Noise Improvement, and Intermodal Transportation Act of 1992 (Pub. L. 102–581, 106 Stat. 4896), see section 6(b) of the bill. In subsection (a)(1), the word ‘‘solely’’ is omitted as surplus. Before clause (1), the words ‘‘to the Secretary of Transportation’’ are added for clarity and consist- ency in this chapter. In subsection (d)(1), the words ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection’’ and ‘‘in each of fis- cal years 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992’’ are omitted as surplus. In subsection (d)(2), the reference to fiscal years 1988–1992 and the words ‘‘by the Administrator for re- search and development’’ are omitted as surplus. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of the enactment of the FAA Research, En- gineering, and Development Authorization Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (h)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–155, which was approved Feb. 11, 1998. AMENDMENTS 2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–63, § 1002, added pars. (16) to (20) and struck out former par. (16) which read as fol- lows: ‘‘$155,368,852 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on May 10, 2024.’’ Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 118–41 added par. (16) and struck out former par. (16) which read as follows: ‘‘$111,475,410 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on March 8, 2024.’’ Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 118–63, § 1004(b), substituted ‘‘the date that is 30 days after the date of submission’’ for ‘‘the date of submission’’. 2023—Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 118–34 added par. (16) and struck out former par. (16) which read as follows: ‘‘$64,098,360 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on December 31, 2023.’’ Pub. L. 118–15 added par. (16). 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(a)(1), struck out ‘‘and, for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under subsection (g)’’ after ‘‘this title’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(a)(2), (3), added par. (10) and struck out former par. (10) which read as follows: ‘‘$176,500,000 for fiscal year 2018.’’ Pub. L. 115–141 amended par. (10) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (10) read as follows: ‘‘$88,008,219 for the period beginning on October 1, 2017 and ending on March 31, 2018.’’ Subsec. (a)(11) to (15). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(a)(2), (3), added pars. (11) to (15). Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(b)(1), substituted ‘‘prioritize safety in considering’’ for ‘‘consider’’. Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(b)(2)–(4), added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: ‘‘At least 3 percent of the amount appropriated under subsection (a) of this section shall be available to the Adminis- trator of the Federal Aviation Administration to make grants under section 44511 of this title.’’ Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–254, § 703(c), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) author- ized certain programs described in the research, engi- neering, and development account of the national avia- tion research plan required under section 44501(c). 2017—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 115–63 added par. (10). 2016—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 114–190 amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ‘‘$124,093,750 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on July 15, 2016.’’ Pub. L. 114–141 amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ‘‘$78,375,000 for the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on March 31, 2016.’’ 2015—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 114–55 added par. (9). 2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–95, § 901(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘of this title and, for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under subsection (g)’’ for ‘‘of this title’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(1) to (15). Pub. L. 112–95, § 901(a)(2)–(5), re- designated pars. (9) to (15) as (1) to (7), respectively, in- serted ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (3)(K), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (3)(L), added par. (8), and struck out former pars. (1) to (8) which related to appropriations for fiscal years 1995 to 2002. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 112–95, § 901(a)(5), struck out par. (16) which read as follows: ’’$64,092,459 for the pe- riod beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on Feb- ruary 17, 2012.’’ Pub. L. 112–91 amended par. (16) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (16) read as follows: ‘‘$57,016,885 for the period beginning on October 1, 2011, and ending on January 31, 2012.’’ Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–95, § 901(b), added subsec. (g). 2011—Subsec. (a)(15), (16). Pub. L. 112–30 added pars. (15) and (16). 2010—Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 111–216 amended par. (14) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as fol- lows: ‘‘$159,184,932 for the period beginning on October 1, 2009, and ending on August 1, 2010.’’ Pub. L. 111–197 amended par. (14) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as follows: ‘‘$144,049,315 for the period beginning on October 1, 2009, and ending on July 3, 2010.’’ Pub. L. 111–161 amended par. (14) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as follows: ‘‘$111,125,000 for the 7-month period beginning on October 1, 2009.’’ Pub. L. 111–153 amended par. (14) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as follows: ‘‘$92,500,000 for the 6-month period beginning on October 1, 2009.’’ 2009—Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 111–12 substituted ‘‘$171,000,000 for fiscal year 2009’’ for ‘‘$85,507,500 for the 6-month period beginning on October 1, 2008’’. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 111–116 amended par. (14) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as follows: ‘‘$46,250,000 for the 3-month period beginning on Octo- ber 1, 2009.’’ Pub. L. 111–69 added par. (14). Page 1710 TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION § 48103 2008—Subsec. (a)(11) to (13). Pub. L. 110–330 struck out ‘‘and’’ at end of subpar. (K) of par. (11), substituted ‘‘; and’’ for period at end of subpar. (L) of par. (12), and added par. (13). 2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–176, § 701(1), substituted ‘‘for conducting civil aviation research and develop- ment under sections 44504’’ for ‘‘to carry out sections 44504’’ in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(9) to (12). Pub. L. 108–176, § 701(2)–(4), added pars. (9) to (12). Subsec. (h)(1)(D). Pub. L. 108–176, § 707, added subpar. (D). 2000—Subsec. (a)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 106–181 added pars. (6) to (8). 1998—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–155, § 2, added par. (4). Subsec. (a)(4)(J). Pub. L. 105–155, § 3(b), inserted ‘‘, of which $750,000 shall be for carrying out the grant pro- gram established under subsection (h)’’ after ‘‘projects and activities’’. Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 105–155, § 2, added par. (5). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–155, § 3(a), added subsec. (h). 1996—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–264, § 1102, added par. (3). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–264, § 1103, substituted ‘‘RE- SEARCH PRIORITIES’’ for ‘‘AVAILABILITY FOR RESEARCH’’ in heading, added par. (1), and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively. Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(74), substituted ‘‘Committees on Science’’ for ‘‘Committees on Science, Space, and Technology’’. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(74), substituted ‘‘Committees on Science’’ for ‘‘Committees on Science, Space, and Technology’’. Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(9), substituted ‘‘Transportation and Infrastructure’’ for ‘‘Public Works and Transpor- tation’’. 1994—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 103–305 inserted pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows: ‘‘(1) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993— ‘‘(A) $14,700,000 only for management and analysis projects and activities. ‘‘(B) $87,000,000 only for capacity and air traffic management technology projects and activities. ‘‘(C) $28,000,000 only for communications, naviga- tion, and surveillance projects and activities. ‘‘(D) $7,700,000 only for weather projects and activi- ties. ‘‘(E) $6,800,000 only for airport technology projects and activities. ‘‘(F) $44,000,000 only for aircraft safety technology projects and activities. ‘‘(G) $41,100,000 only for system security technology projects and activities. ‘‘(H) $31,000,000 only for human factors and aviation medicine projects and activities. ‘‘(I) $4,500,000 for environment and energy projects and activities. ‘‘(J) $5,200,000 for innovative and cooperative re- search projects and activities. ‘‘(2) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, $297,000,000.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Committee on Science of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Tech- nology of House of Representatives by House Resolu- tion No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fis- cal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as other- wise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 106–181 applicable only to fis- cal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Except as otherwise specifically provided, amend- ment by Pub. L. 104–264 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for a fiscal year end- ing before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L. 104–264, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. NOTICES Pub. L. 105–155, § 4, Feb. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 6, provided that: ‘‘(a) REPROGRAMMING.—If any funds authorized by the amendments made by this Act [amending this section] are subject to a reprogramming action that requires notice to be provided to the Appropriations Commit- tees of the House of Representatives and the Senate, notice of such action shall concurrently be provided to the Committees on Science [now Science, Space, and Technology] and Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. ‘‘(b) NOTICE OF REORGANIZATION.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall provide notice to the Committees on Science [now Science, Space, and Technology], Transportation and Infrastruc- ture, and Appropriations of the House of Representa- tives, and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Appropriations of the Senate, not later than 30 days before any major reorganization (as determined by the Administrator) of any program of the Federal Aviation Administration for which funds are authorized by this Act.’’ § 48103. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility planning and programs (a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be available to the Secretary of Transportation out of the Air- port and Airway Trust Fund established under section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to make grants for airport planning and airport development under section 47104, airport noise compatibility planning under section 47505(a)(2), and carrying out noise compatibility programs under section 47504(c)— (1) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; (2) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; (3) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; (4) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; (5) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; (6) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; (7) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; (8) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; (9) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; (10) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and (11) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2028. (b) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts made available under subsection (a) shall remain available until expended. (Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 103–305, title I, § 101(a), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1570; Pub. L. 104–264, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, § 110(b)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–587; Pub. L. 106–6, § 2(a), Mar. 31, 1999, 113 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 106–31, title VI, § 6002(a), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 106–59, § 1(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 106–181, title I, § 101(a), Apr. 5, 2000,